Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 Vitamin C - Ascorbic acid (Introduction, Sources, daily requirements, Functions, Deficiency)

1. By – Astha K. Patel
ASTHA K. PATEL

2. ASTHA K. PATEL

3. WATER SOLUBLEVITAMINS
 Water soluble vitamins are essential for health.
 They are lost in urines.
 Water soluble vitamins are found in yeast, grain,
rice, vegetables, fish, and meat.
 These are essential co- enzymes required in
energy releasing mechanisms.
 They also act as co- enzymes for metabolism of
proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
ASTHA K. PATEL

4. VITAMIN B1 (THIAMINE)
▶ It is also called Anti Beri-Beri factor,
Anti Neuritic factor, and also Aneurin.
▶It is colorless basic organic compound composed of
a sulfated pyramiding ring.
▶ All living organisms use thiamine, but it is
synthesized only in bacteria, fungi, and plants.
▶ Contains sulfur and nitrogen group
▶ Destroyed by alkaline and heat
▶ Coenzyme: Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)
• Storage – very little amount
• Depletion of vitamin B1 – within 14 days.
ASTHA K. PATEL

5. DIETARY SOURCES OFVITAMIN B1
Daily requirement
Men – 1.3 mg
women – 1.0 mg
Pregnancy and
lactation – 2mg .
Children – 1.1mg.
ASTHA K. PATEL

6. FUNCTIONS OF THIAMINE
▶ Vitamin B1, is very essential for converting
carbohydrate
into energy.(metabolism of CHO)
▶ Vitamin B1, helps in maintaining the healthy nervous
system.
▶ Vitamin B1, is necessary for healthy mucous
membranes.
▶ It helps in the digestion of food & increase the
appetite.
▶ It provides strength to muscles.
▶ It is very useful for the proper functioning of heart.
• Used in production of HCL.
ASTHA K. PATEL

7. Deficiency of vitamin B1
• Beri beri –
• A disease in which the body doesn't have
enough vitamin B1 (Thiamin).
Dry Beriberi Wet beriberi Infantile beriberi Gastrointestinal
beriberi
ASTHA K. PATEL

8. Dry beriberi
• Dry beriberi affects the nervous system resulting
in numbness of the hands and feet, confusion, trouble
moving the legs, and pain.
Wet beriberi
• Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system resulting in a
fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and leg swelling
Infantile beriberi
• Infantile beriberi usually occurs between two and six months
of age in children whose mothers have inadequate thiamine
intake. It may present as either wet or dry beriberi.
• In the acute form, the baby
develops dyspnea and cyanosis and soon dies of heart
failure.
Gastrointestinal beriberi
• Gastrointestinal beriberi causes abdominal pain.
Gastrointestinal beriberi is characterized by:Abdominal
pain,Nausea,Vomiting,Lactic acidosis
ASTHA K. PATEL

9. VITAMIN B2(RIBOFLAVIN)
 It is also called as beauty vitamin.
 It is yellowish green fluorescent
compound soluble in water.
 The word riboflavin is derived from 2
sources
ribose – means many ribose sugar
found in several vitamins
flavin – yellow.
 It is widely involved in oxidation-
reduction reaction.
ASTHA K. PATEL

10. • Riboflavin is either present in foods in free state or in
combination with phosphate or with protein.
• In its pure form this vitamin is bitter tasting, orange
yellow & odourless compound.
ASTHA K. PATEL

11. DIETARY SOURCES OF VITAMIN B2
Daily requirement
Men – 1.5mg
women – 1.2 mg
Pregnancy and lactation
– 2 to 2.3 mg .
Children – 1.3mg.
ASTHA K. PATEL

12. FUNCTIONS OF RIBOFLAVIN
 It is essential for normal growth.
 Metabolism – It is involved in the
metabolism of carbohydrates, fat &
proteins.
 Digestion – it helps in digestion
 Nervous system – it helps in proper
functioning of Nervous system
 It is very useful for normal tissue
respiration.
ASTHA K. PATEL

13.  Necessary for healthy mucous membranes in GI tract.
 Good for skin, nails and eyes
 It helps in protects the body against cancer.
 Activate vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
 Used for RBC formation
 Antibody production
 Helpful in prevention & Rx of cataracts.
ASTHA K. PATEL

14. Deficiency of vitamin B2
• Ariboflavinosis –
Deficiency
syndrome
marked by
Inflammation of
mouth & tongue
Cracking of tissue
around corners of
mouth & On lips
ASTHA K. PATEL

15. Ariboflavinosis characterized by 3 –
Glossitis Cheliosis
Angular
stomatitis
ASTHA K. PATEL

16. Other condition
 Inflamed eye lids
 Sensitivity to light
 Dermatitis
 Anemia
ASTHA K. PATEL

17. VITAMIN B3 (NIACIN)
 Vitamin B3 is also known as niacin or nicotinic acid or
Niacinamide.
 it is essential for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein & fat.
 It is a colorless, water-soluble solid derivative of pyridine,
with a carboxyl group (COOH)
ASTHA K. PATEL

18. DIETARY SOURCES OF NIACIN
Daily requirement
Men – 17mg
women – 13 mg
Pregnancy and
lactation – 12 to15 mg .
Children – 15mg.
ASTHA K. PATEL

19. FUNCTIONS OF NIACIN (VIT B3)
▶ Vitamin B3, helps in releasing energy from
carbohydrates, fats and protiens.
▶ vitamin B3, is very essential for the DNAsynthesis.
▶ it is essential for production of estrogen progesterone &
testosterone
▶ It is also helpful in reducing migraine headaches.
▶ Vitamin B3, as niacinamide, may improve arthritis
symptoms, including increasing joint mobility and reducing
the amount of anti-inflammatory medications needed.
ASTHA K. PATEL

20. O ▶ It is necessary for healthy skin, nerves and
digestive system.
O ▶ High doses of niacin medications are used to
prevent development of atherosclerosis and to
reduce recurrent complications such as heart
attack and peripheral vascular disease in those
with the condition.
O ▶ It helps to detoxify the body.
O ▶ Vitamin B3, is very essential for the proper
digestion of the food.
ASTHA K. PATEL

21. Deficiency of Vitamin B3
• Pellagra –
• Pelle – skin
• Agra – rough
4
D’s
Dermatiti
s
Diarrhoe
a
Dementia
Death
The people most
likely to develop
pellagra are those
with low dietary
intakes of Niacin
whose skin is
exposed to intense
sunlight
ASTHA K. PATEL

22. VITAMIN B5 (PANTOTHENICACID)
O It is referred as the “ Anti-stress Vitamin”.
O This vitamin can be produced in the body by the
intestinal flora
O Vitamin B5 is also known as PantothenicAcid, is a
water-soluble vitamin.
O It was discovered by Roger J. Williams in 1919.
ASTHA K. PATEL

23. VITAMIN B5(PANTOTHENICACID)
▶ Tissue extracts from a variety of biological materials
provide a growth factor for yeast this growth factor
identified as pantothenic acid
▶ This word derived from greek word pantos meaning
everywhere.
▶ Part of Coenzyme-A
▶ Essential for metabolism of CHO, fat, protein
ASTHA K. PATEL

24. DIETARY SOURCES OF VIT B5
Men – 10 mg
women – 10 mg
Children – 5.5mg.
Daily requirement
ASTHA K. PATEL

25. FUNCTIONS OF VIT B5 (PANTOTHENIC ACID)
▶ Vitamin B5 plays an important role in helping release
energy from sugars, starches, and fats.
▶ Vitamin B5 is important for releasing energy stored as fat,
it is equally important for the creation of fat. Two basic
types of fats - fatty acids and cholesterol - both require the
CoAform of B5 for their synthesis.
▶ They are essential for the cell metabolism.
ASTHA K. PATEL

26. O ▶ They are very helpful in the cholesterol
metabolism.
O ▶ Accelerates wound healing.
O ▶ It is also used as anti-stress factor.
O ▶ Allergies, headaches, arthritis, psoriasis,
insomnia, asthma, and infections have all been
treated with some effectiveness using vitamin B5.
ASTHA K. PATEL

27. Deficiency of Vitamin B5
 Burning feet syndrome -
 It is a set of symptoms in which the feet often
become uncomfortably hot and painful.
 The burning sensation may
O become more intense at night, with
O some relief occurring during the day.
 Symptoms may range from mild to severe.
 The heat and pain can be limited to the soles of the
feet, but also might affect the tops of the feet, the
ankles, and even the lower legs.
ASTHA K. PATEL

28. VITAMIN B6(PYRIDOXINEB6)
▶ vitamin B6 exists in 3 forms.
1. Pyridoxine
2. Pyridoxal
3. pyridoxamine
▶ It is white crystalline substance soluble in water and
alcohol.
ASTHA K. PATEL

29. DIETARY SOURCE OF VIT B6
Daily requirement
Men – women – 2 mg
Children – 1.7 mg.
Infant – 0.1-0.4 mg
Vegetable
 Eggs
Peanuts,
sunflower seeds
Meat
Peas
Walnuts
Cabbage
Carrots
Fish
ASTHA K. PATEL

30. FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN B6
▶ Make antibodies. Antibodies are needed to fight
many diseases.
▶ Maintain normal nerve function
▶ Make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in the red
blood cells to the tissues. A vitamin B6 deficiency can
cause a form of anemia.
▶ Break down proteins. The more protein you eat, the
more vitamin B6 you need.
▶ Keep blood sugar (glucose) in normal ranges
▶ Assists in the balancing of Sodium and Potassium levels.
▶ Promotes RBC production.
▶ Production of Serotonin, Dopamine, Noradrenaline
and Adrenaline
ASTHA K. PATEL

31. Deficiency of Vitamin B6
 Neurological problems
 Irritability
 Nervousness
 Insomnia
 Anaemia
 Weakness
 Dermatitis
 Depression
 Mental confusion
ASTHA K. PATEL

32. VITAMIN B7 (BIOTIN)
 Vitamin B7 or Biotin, act as Coenzyme
 Biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved
in the synthesis of fatty acids & glycogen
 Produced by bacteria in the intestine.
ASTHA K. PATEL

33. DIETARY SOURCES OF VIT B7
Daily requirement
Men – women – 100-
200 mcg
Children – 50-200 mcg.
Infant – 35 mcg
ASTHA K. PATEL

34. ASTHA K. PATEL

35. FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN B7
sufficient intake of vitamin B7 (biotin) is important
as it helps the body to-
•convert food into glucose, which is used to produce
energy
•produce fatty acids and amino acids (the building
blocks of protein)
•activate protein/amino acid metabolism in the hair
roots and fingernail cells.
ASTHA K. PATEL

36. O The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which
provides scientific advice to assist policy makers, has
confirmed that clear health benefits have been
established for the dietary intake of biotin (vitamin B7) in
contributing to:
•normal macronutrient metabolism;
•normal energy yielding metabolism;
•the maintenance of normal skin and mucous membranes;
•the normal function of the nervous system;
•the maintenance of normal hair;
•normal psychological functions.
ASTHA K. PATEL

37. Deficiency of Vitamin B7
 Very rare……
 But sometime it includes
 Loss of appetite
 Nausea
 Enlarged tongue
 Depression
 Pallor
 Loss of hair
 Dry skin
 Increased cholesterol level in blood
ASTHA K. PATEL

38. VITAMIN B9(FOLICACID)
 Vitamin b9 is also known
as folic acid, folacin or
folate.
 It is a water soluble
vitamin.
 It is a yellow crystalline
substance.
 Produced by body
 Stored in liver
DIETARY SOURCE
ASTHA K. PATEL

39. FUNCTIONS OF VIT B9
 Formation of RBC – folic acid in combination with
vitamin B12 is essential for formation, maturation.
 Nerve – it is necessary for growth & division of all body
cells,
 Hair & Skin – it is essential for the health of skin & hair
 Pregnancy – it is an important nutrient for the
pregnant women & her developing fetus.& folic acid
improves the lactation.
▶ DNAsynthesis
▶ Neurotransmitter formation – Rx of Depression &
Anxiety.
• Formation of hemoglobin.
ASTHA K. PATEL

40. Deficiency of Vitamin B9
 Megaloblastic anaemia –
 Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia, a blood
disorder in which the number of red blood cells is
lower than normal.
 Red blood cells transport oxygen through the body.
 When your body doesn’t have enough red blood
cells, your tissues and organs don’t get enough
oxygen.
 Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by red blood
cells that are larger than normal.
 There also aren’t enough of them.
 It’s known as vitamin B-12 or folate deficiency
anemia, or macrocytic anemia, as well.
ASTHA K. PATEL

41. ASTHA K. PATEL

42. VITAMIN B12(COBALAMIN)
 Also known as Cobalamin.
 Refers as energy vitamin.
 Naturally found only in animal foods.
 Some vegetarian foods such as fortified soy milk
are fortified with vitamin B12 to prevent
deficiency of Vit. B12 in strict vegetarians.
 Vit. B12 is only cobalt containing vitamin which
is essential for health.
ASTHA K. PATEL

43. O SOURCES
O Vitamin B12 is mostly found
 meat,
 shellfish,
milk,
cheese,
eggs.
 Oysters,
 Caviar (Fish Eggs),
Octopus,
Crab and Lobster
ASTHA K. PATEL

44. FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN B12
 Metabolism of fats, protein & CHO.
 Production of RBC
 Maintenance of RBC
 Stimulate appetite
 Promote growth
 Energy booster for old age people
 Helps to prevent mental deterioration
 Speed up thought process
 Protect against cancer, allergies & infection.
ASTHA K. PATEL

45. DEFICIENCY of Vitamin B12
pernicious anemia
It is a condition characterized by very large, immature
RBC’s with normal amounts of haemoglobin.
ASTHA K. PATEL

46. VITAMIN C(ASCORBICACID)
 It is also called ascorbic acid and antibiotic vitamin.
 it is powerful antioxidant
 Synthesized by most animals (not by human)
ASTHA K. PATEL

47. DIETARY SOURCES OF VITAMIN C
Daily requirement
Men – women – 70-90mg
Children –40mg
Infant – 25mg
Pregnancy & lactation – 80mg
ASTHA K. PATEL

48. FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN C
 Synthesis of collagen in
connective tissue.
 Maintenance – necessary for
maintenance of bones &
 proper functioning of the
adrenal & thyroid gland .
 Antioxidant
 It stimulates immune
function
 combats bacterial infection,
 reduces effects of allergy-
producing substances and
protects vitamins, A, E and
some B complex vitamins
from oxidation.
ASTHA K. PATEL

49.  Conversion of cholesterol into bile acid
 Required for absorption of iron & calcium
 Prevention of degenerative d’se like cataracts,
cancer, CV d’se.
 Healthy cell development
 Reduce cholesterol level
 reduce BP
 Healthy gums
ASTHA K. PATEL

50. VITAMIN C
DEFICIENCY
▶ SCURVY
Scurvy is a disease
resulting from a lack of
vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Early symptoms of
deficiency include
weakness, feeling tired
and sore arms and legs.
Without treatment,
decreased red blood cells,
gum disease, changes to
hair, and bleeding from
the skin may occur.
ASTHA K. PATEL

51. ASTHA K. PATEL