This document discusses various computer security threats such as viruses, phishing, spyware, and hacking. It defines viruses, worms, and Trojan horses as types of malware that can gain entry to a computer. Phishing involves fraudulent emails attempting to steal personal information, while spyware secretly records computer activities. The document advises using antivirus software, firewalls, and caution when online or downloading files to help protect against these threats. It also provides tips for creating awareness posters about data security risks and advice.

1. Viruses & Security Threats
Unit 1 – Understanding Computer Systems
JMW 2012

2. By the end of this session:
• All of you would be able to explain how viruses
affect computers.
• Most of you should understand how your
identity can be stolen through phishing and
spyware applications.
• A few of you could explore other threats to
data security, e.g. hacking, and actions that can
be taken to minimise risks.

3. Viruses
• Some viruses (or malware) try to gain entry to your computer in a
similar way by pretending to be something else.
• For example, that screensaver you downloaded or game you played
may have a virus contained with it.
• These viruses are sometimes called Trojan Horses.
• Worms are viruses which attach themselves to files on your
computer. Infected files then spread the virus as the worm attaches
itself to other files on the system.
• File sharing websites can often be a source of
viruses. Avoid sharing illegal file-sharing sites
and scan any programs downloaded from the
Internet.

4. How can I protect myself?
• Use a virus scanner to scan any files you
download from the Internet or other
computers.
• Regularly scan your computer’s hard drive for
viruses.
• Keep your virus definitions
up-to-date.

5. Identity Theft
• Phishing emails pretend to be another company in
order to extract personal information, such as
passwords, from users.
• The email asks you to click a link which takes you to a
fake website and then enter your password (which is
then stored by the phishers.)
• Spyware hides on your computer and records
everything you do and passes it on to criminals.
• They can then steal your identity and pretend to be
you – this is called “Identity Theft”

6. How can I protect myself?
• Check the link shown in the email matches the website
you go to when clicked.
• Legitimate emails often use personal data, e.g. first
name, which Phishers don’t have access to.
• Never give out your password details on any website
unless you are 100% sure it is the official website. If in
doubt check the email received with the company before
divulging any information.
• Scan your computer regularly for spyware. Use firewalls
to prevent unauthorised communication from your
computer.

7. Your Task
• Create a poster to raise aware of data security
threats.
• Your poster should:
– Explain the risk
– Give advice on how to minimise the risk
Extra Challenge:
• Explain why every computer should have a firewall installed.
• When you buy something online, how is the debit/credit card data
kept secure?

8. Peer Review of Posters
• Look at the poster of the person sitting next to
you.
• Is it fit for purpose?
– Does it explain at least one of the data security
threats?
– Does it provide advice to minimise the risks?
– Does it stand out? Clear writing?
Identify 2 good things about the poster (2 stars *)
and one area for improvement (1 wish)