Vigna mungo
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Vigna mungo, known as black gram, is an annual herb native to India. It grows to 25-90 cm tall with hairy stems and leaves made of 3 large ovate to lanceolate leaflets. Its small pale yellow flowers form in axillary clusters and self-pollinate. The pods are short, erect, brown to black in color with 6-10 seeds. Black gram is cultivated in areas receiving 600-1000 mm of rain annually at temperatures between 28-32°C. It fixes nitrogen in the soil and is high in protein, making it an important crop and nutritional food.
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Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), situated in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India, is home to huge diversity of fauna and flora. Having rich bio-cultural traditions the farmer communities residing in buffer zone of GHNP Conservation Area (GHNPCA) have developed multitude of indigenous on-farm techniques (the methods by which inputs are powered) and technologies (the application of knowledge to the production system) for optimal production. Appreciable diversity of agriculture has been maintained through a variety of crop compositions, cropping patterns and crop rotations. Grassroots Institute undertook the mapping and documentation of in situ agrobiodiversity in 2007-10, followed by promotion of on-farm conservation and organic farming practices. Farmers practice polyculture by growing multiple traditional cultivars of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean. About 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops are being cultivated by the mountain farmers in 2 gram panchayats covering 20 villages in Tirthan Valley of GHNPCA. Results of the study revealed that these traditional cultivars are far superior in characteristics than their counterpart modern or hybrid varieties. However, the old agronomic practices and poor market rates have ever discouraged the farmers to continue growing the traditional cultivars of these crops, and the farmers were forced to adopt hybrid seeds and monoculture. Abundance and sown area of various cultivars also decreased over past three decades. Grassroots Institute addressed the two-fold challenge: one, preservation and re-introduction of traditional cultivars in situ coupled with improvement in agronomic methods of farmers for enhancing the yield; and two, linking the organic produce of the traditional crops with innovative post-harvest techniques and better market opportunities. Challenge ahead lies in engaging large number of farmers in cultivation of genetically-superior traditional cultivars, and in value addition, processing and marketing of organic produce of these crops, so that the livelihood of marginal and poor farmers, which is relatively based on bioresources of national park, can be diversified/diverted and the overall goal of biodiversity conservation is fully achieved.
crop Green Gram
manzoor nabi
from ganderbal srinagar kmr
course:- forestry
in mewar university rajasthan
ph.. 09982826606
Role of IT in environment
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Role of information technology on environment and human health
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Vigna mungo
- 2. Kingdom: Plantae Division Magnolyophyta Class Magnolyopsida Sub-class Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Faboideae Genus: Vigna Species: V. mungo Chromosome no. 2n=22
- 3. *Vigna mungo, known as black gram, originated in India *It is an annual, semi-erect to spreading herb growing to a height of 25-90 cm *Stem is slightly ridged and covered with brown hairs *Stems are diffuse, branching sometimes procumbent, covered with long dense brown or black hairs. *It possesses strong tap root system with many laterals
- 4. *Leaves are pinnately trifoliate, hairy with large ovate to lanceolate and entire leaflets *The leaves are large and trifoliate
- 5. *Flowers are pale yellow, small with a yellow spirally coiled keel. *They are borne in clusters of 5-6 on a short hairy peduncle in axillary racemes *They are self-fertile and self pollinated. *Flowering is indeterminate.
- 6. *Pods are short, erect to sub erect, brown to black in colour, hairy and with stout hooked beak, containing about 6-10 seeds. *Pods do not shatter readily.
- 7. *Seeds are small, oblong slightly truncated at ends *Seeds have varying colour from black, dark brown to green. *The testa is smooth and hilum white and concave.
- 8. *It is a warm weather crop. *Can be cultivated in areas receiving an annual rainfall of 600 to1000mm. *Grown at an altitude of 1800m. *The optimum temperature requirement for the crop is 28°c to 32°C. *It is a short-day plant. *Important varieties of Black gram are Type 27, Type 56, Pusa 1, Pant 430, Khargone 3, etc.
- 9. *With its ability to fix nitrogen it restores the soil fertility as well. *It proves to be a great rotation crop enhancing the yield of the main crop *Main and important use of Black gram is to make Dal, also used in making Uttappa, Dosa, Idali, Vada, Dal Makhhani etc. *Best source of protein, fat and carbohydrates.
- 10. *Also contains iron, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, potassium and vitamin B *It has two types of fibers: soluble and insoluble. Insoluble fiber helps to prevent constipation and soluble fiber helps in our digestion system. *Also helps to reduce cholesterol which ultimately improves cardiovascular health. *High amount of magnesium and folate of Black gram support blood circulation. *Black gram has medical properties which help to heal Rheumatic pains, stiff shoulder and contracted knees