Garden peas are a cool season annual plant grown for their edible green seeds contained within pods. Peas originated in southwest Asia and spread to Europe. There are several varieties of peas categorized by pod type, plant height, and maturity time. Peas thrive best in cool weather between 12.8-18°C and a soil pH of 6.0-7.5. They are usually sown in the rabi season from October to November in plains or March to May in hills. Proper sowing, weeding, staking, and irrigation are important cultivation practices to obtain optimal yields. Peas are harvested when pods are well-filled and seeds change color from dark to light green, ranging from 45-
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
CULTIVATION OF OKRA , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF OKRA ,Arvind Yadav
OKRA
Scientific Name : Abelmoschus esculentus
Family : Malvaceae,
Chromosome number : 2n=72, 108,130
Origin : Asiatic region /Etthiopea/Africa.
Common names : Bhendi, Lady’s FingerEconomic importance and uses :-
Okra is more remunerative than the leafy vegetables.
Tender green fruits are cooked in curry and also used in soups. The root and stem are useful for clearing cane juice in preparation of jaggery.
Okra is rich in vitamins, calcium, potassium and other minerals. 100g consumable unripe bhendi fruits contain 10.4g dry matter, 3,100 calorie energy, 1.8g protein.
The dry seeds contain 13-22% edible oil and 20-24% protein.Area and production:-
India is the largest producer of okra in the world. The major bhendi growing states are Utter Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar and West Bengal.
Popular varieties:-
Pusa Makhmali
Pusa Sawani
Arka Anamika (Selection 10)
Arka Abhay (Selection
Punjab Padmini
Punjab -7
Parbhani Kranti
Varsha Uphar (HRB 9-2)
Gujarat Bhendi 1
Pulses are a very important source of protein in Indian diets as majority of population is vegetarian. however, the production of pulses is not keeping pace with the growing population in the country. lentil is one of the important Rabi pulses. it is one of the oldest pulse crops and the most nutritious of the pulses. it is also used as a cover crop to check the soil erosion in problem areas. lentil contributes about 6% in total pulses area as well as production of India. It is mostly eaten as "DAL". the pulse is first converted into split pulse or 'dal' by the removal of skin and the separation of the fleshy cotyledons. It is cooked easily and hence preferred. It is good for patients too. Lentil contains about 11% water, 25% protein and 60% carbohydrates. It is also rich in calcium, iron and niacin
It is helpful for chickpea cultivation & production in Agricultural sector.These presentation include all the information up to storing. its language is very simple that why everybody easy to understand.
..........Thanks
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
CULTIVATION OF OKRA , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF OKRA ,Arvind Yadav
OKRA
Scientific Name : Abelmoschus esculentus
Family : Malvaceae,
Chromosome number : 2n=72, 108,130
Origin : Asiatic region /Etthiopea/Africa.
Common names : Bhendi, Lady’s FingerEconomic importance and uses :-
Okra is more remunerative than the leafy vegetables.
Tender green fruits are cooked in curry and also used in soups. The root and stem are useful for clearing cane juice in preparation of jaggery.
Okra is rich in vitamins, calcium, potassium and other minerals. 100g consumable unripe bhendi fruits contain 10.4g dry matter, 3,100 calorie energy, 1.8g protein.
The dry seeds contain 13-22% edible oil and 20-24% protein.Area and production:-
India is the largest producer of okra in the world. The major bhendi growing states are Utter Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar and West Bengal.
Popular varieties:-
Pusa Makhmali
Pusa Sawani
Arka Anamika (Selection 10)
Arka Abhay (Selection
Punjab Padmini
Punjab -7
Parbhani Kranti
Varsha Uphar (HRB 9-2)
Gujarat Bhendi 1
Pulses are a very important source of protein in Indian diets as majority of population is vegetarian. however, the production of pulses is not keeping pace with the growing population in the country. lentil is one of the important Rabi pulses. it is one of the oldest pulse crops and the most nutritious of the pulses. it is also used as a cover crop to check the soil erosion in problem areas. lentil contributes about 6% in total pulses area as well as production of India. It is mostly eaten as "DAL". the pulse is first converted into split pulse or 'dal' by the removal of skin and the separation of the fleshy cotyledons. It is cooked easily and hence preferred. It is good for patients too. Lentil contains about 11% water, 25% protein and 60% carbohydrates. It is also rich in calcium, iron and niacin
It is helpful for chickpea cultivation & production in Agricultural sector.These presentation include all the information up to storing. its language is very simple that why everybody easy to understand.
..........Thanks
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
Celery ranks second in importance amongst salad crops. In India this crop is not commercially as a vegetable crop. Celery as a salad crop is mostly grown in kitchen or home gardens. In colder climate and on the hills. Celery is a biennial plant, while at planes it becomes an annual. It has dark green foliage with less developed stalks and swollen roots.
Production technology for higher production in papaya, cultivation of papaya, hybrid papaya propagation in an open field, how to papaya cultivation in India, high production growing papaya, different varieties of papaya ,red lady papaya,Pusa delicious, pusa nanha,co-1,pusa gaint,sex forms,
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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3. Garden peas also called green or common
peas are a hardy cool season, vining annual
plant.
They are grown for their flesh edible
green seeds(peas) but they may also be used as a
dry-seeded crop.
Fig: How to count the number of
nodes on pea plants
The pea is most commonly the small
spherical seed or the seed-pod of the
pod fruit Pisum sativum. Each pod contains
several peas. Peapods are botanically a fruit.
Fig: Peas are contained within a pod
4. Peas, green, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 339 kJ (81 kcal)
Carbohydrates 14.45 g
Sugars 5.67 g
Dietary fiber 5.1 g
Protein 5.42 g
Fat 0.4 g
Vitamin A equiv 38 μg (5%)
beta-carotene 449 μg (4%)
Vitamin C 40 mg (48%)
Peas are starchy, but high in fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals, and lutein.
Pea straw is a nutritious fodder.
5. Dry, yellow split peasFrozen green peas
Pea probably originated in southwestern Asia, possibly northwestern India,
Pakistan or adjacent areas of former USSR and Afghanistan and thereafter spread
to the temperate zones of Europe (Kay, 1979; Makasheva, 1983).
Based on genetic diversity, four centers of origins, namely, Central Asia,
the Near East, Abyssinia and the Mediterranean have been recognized (Gritton,
1980).
6. Mac Gillivary in 1961 divided genus Pisum sativum into group based
on -
(1) Pea pod
Smooth-seeded
Wrinkled-seeded
The wrinkled-seeded varieties are sweeter
(2) Plant height
Bush or dwarf plant
Medium tall types
Tall type
(3)Maturity
Early season maturing variety-65 to 70 days after sowing
Medium season maturing variety-90 to 100 days after sowing
Main season maturing variety- 110 to 120 days after sowing
7. dwarf, green and smooth seeded variety developed at
IARI
Pods are produced singly
flowering in 30-35 days after sowing and blossom
appear in 6-7 node.
1) Asauji
2)Early Superb.
An introduced and dwarf variety from England with
yellowish green foliage.
flowers in about 45 days and first blossom appears at
8-10th node.
Pods are borne singly
8. 3) Meteor
An introduced variety from England
Plants are 35-40 cm tall, dark green
pods are produce singly, dark green, 8.7 cm long
with seven smooth seeds.
4)Lucknow Boniya
Dwarf white-seeded cultivar
flowers in 40 days.
The pods are borne singly, small,
narrow, green.
9. 1) Arkel
High yielding dwarf variety
Takes 60 days to be ready for green pod
harvest
2) Early Badger.
A dwarf variety introduced from USA
Pods are ready for picking in 60-65 days after
sowing
It is a good caning variety and resistant
to Fusarium wilt.
3) Little Marvel.
A dwarf variety introduced from England
Foliage dark green; first blossom appears at 9-10th
node in 40 days after sowing.
10. 4) Jawahar Matar 3 (JM 3, Early December)
developed at Jabalpur, T19 x Early Badger
Plant height 70-75 cm with bushy growth habit
This variety suffers severely from powdery mildew.
First picking starts at 50-55 days after sowing.
Average yield 4 t/ha.
5) VL-Ageti Matar-7 (VL-7)
Developed at Almora ,Pant Uphar x Arkel.
Plants are dwarf with dark green foliage and white
flowers.
The seeds are light green, dimpled bold and very
sweet with high TSS (16.8%).
Average yield 10 t/ha with 42% shelling.
11. 6) Pant Matar 2 (PM-2).
developed at Pantnagar through pedigree selection
from the cross Early Badger × IP3 (Pant Uphar).
First picking starts 55 days after sowing.
It is also highly susceptible to powdery mildew.
Average pod yield 7-8 t/ha.
1) Bonneville
Double podded, medium tall variety
Takes 85 days to be ready for green pod
harvest
12. 2) T 19
Medium tall and double podded variety
The first blossom appears at 12-14th node after 60
days.
Pods are yellowish green, slightly curved.
3) Ooty-1
A pure line selection from the accession
PS-133.
Dwarf type having yield potential of11.9
t/ha in 90 days crop duration.
It is resistant to white fly.
13. 4) Punjab 88 (P-88).
Dwarf, vigorous, erect with dark green foliage
Flowering after 75 days and first picking after 100 days of sowing
Highly susceptible to powdery mildew disease.
Average yield 15 t/ha
5) Azad P-2
Powdery mildew resistant variety
Plants are tall Pods are medium in size, light green and brownish seeds.
Crop duration 90-95 days.
Average yield 12t/ha.
14. Plants are medium-tall with green foliage.
First blossom appears at 14-16thnode after 80
days from sowing.
Pods are borne in double
It is suitable for dehydration purpose.
Thrive best in a relatively cool weather
However may not withstand a severe continued frost.
The optimum temperature for germination is about 220C.
Boswell (1920) reported that as the temperature increases during the growing
season the yield decline sharply.
The optimum mean monthly temperature for pea is 12.8 0 C to 18 0 C
15. Peas can grow be grown on variety of soil from light sandy loam to clay, though
best results are obtained on well drained loose, friable, loamy soils.
The most favourable range of pH is between 6.0 to 7.5 and if falls below 6, the
land should received adequate, though not excessive dressing of lime.
A thorough preparation of soil is necessary.
The surface should be smooth and free from clods, so that no difficulty arises at
the time of sowing.
16. The pea is generally sown in India in rabi
season
In plains of India - from the beginning of October
to mid of November.
In hills- from middle of March to end of May in
the hills and a second crop is also sown in the
autumn.
Sowing of seed during the first
week of November is proper time to get higher
yield.
For early varieties- 100 to 120 kg/ha
For mid-season and late varieties-80 to 90 kg/ha.
45 × 20cm
17. Flat bed layout is used.
Generally sown by broadcasting but may also be sown by dibbling or behind the
plough.
The seeds are soaked in water overnight before sowing for better germination.
Pal Sodkar et al.(1974) reported soaking in G.A. 10 ppm for 12 hours gave the
highest germination and yield.
18. A small dose of nitrogeneous fertiliser at the rate of about 25kg of nitrogen / ha is
valueable for stimulating early growth of legumes.
Phosphates increase the yield and improve the quality, best result are obtained by
application of about 50kg of potash per hectare.
FYM @ of about 20 tonnes/ha, if incoporated at the time of land preaparation
gives good results.
a) Trailing and Staking:
This is an important operation to be done when
vines were about two month old and are at
spreading stage.
Generally the plants should be
supported on bamboo sticks. Delay in this
operation will reduce the yield
considerably.
19. b) Weed Control:
Atrazine, propazine and simazine at 0.54 kg per acre gave good broad leaf
weed control and late control of wild oats damage the peas.
water requirement depends largely on Agronomic condition of the locality.
The crop may be irrigated at both 10 days interval.
One or two irrigation at the time of flowering and fruit-sets are essential.
when the pods are well fill and the young
tender peas changing in colour from dark to light
green.
Early-45 to 60 days
Mid season-75 days
Late-100 days