The document provides a comprehensive overview of jute, covering its production technology, history, classification, and agricultural practices in Bangladesh. Jute is highlighted as a vital eco-friendly fiber with significant economic importance, contributing 4% to the national GDP and engaging around 3 million farmers. The text details various aspects of jute cultivation, including climate requirements, soil types, irrigation practices, nutrient management, pest control, and the fiber extraction process.

1. Presented by
Mrinal Kanti Roy
ID# 12109049
Program: BSAg
Email: roymrinalkanti92@gmail.com
IUBAT-International University of
Business Agriculture and Technology
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2. Production Technology of
Jute
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3. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Origin & Distribution
3. History
4. Classification of jute
5. Botanical description of jute
6. Varieties of Jute
7. Jute based profitable crop rotation
8. Climate, Temperature, Soil and Land type
9. Rainfall , Planting Time, Seed rate
10. Intercultural operation
11. Nutrients and fertilizers
12. Pests, Disease
13. Insect and pest control
14. Harvest and yield
15. The Fiber Extraction Process
16. Cost of Production/Hectare
17. Conclusion
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4. Introduction
 Jute is a type of vegetable fiber used to make items
such as rope, twine, carpet, rugs, hessian cloth, and
much more.
 Jute is one of the cheapest and the strongest of all
natural fibres and considered as fibre of the future.
 Raw jute is the natural fibre which is extremely eco-
friendly.
 So it is called Golden Fibre.
 Bangladesh is the biggest producer of natural jute or
raw jute fibre both in quantity and quality.
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5. Golden Fibre 5

6. Origin & Distribution
The centre of origin of white Jute (C.Capsularis)is to be
Indo-Burma including South China and that of Tossa
Jute (C.olitorius) is Africa. According to Kundu
(1951), the primary centre of origin of C.olitorius L is
Africa and secondary centre may be India or Indo-
Burma region. It was spread in India through Egypt
and Afghanistan and from there it was spread in
China, Philippines etc.
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7. History
White Jute (Corchorus Capsularis):
Several historical documents during the era of Mughal
Emperor Akbar (1542–1605) state that the poor villagers
of India used to wear clothes made of jute. Simple
handlooms and hand spinning wheels were used by the
weavers, who used to spin cotton yarns as well. History
also states that Indians, especially Bengalis, used ropes
and twines made of white jute from ancient times for
household and other uses.
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8. History conti….
Tossa Jute (Corchorus Olitorius):
Tossa jute is an Afro-Arabian variety. It is quite popular
for its leaves that are used as an ingredient in a
mucilaginous potherb called molokhiya, popular in
certain Arab countries. The Book of Job in the
Hebrew Bible mentions this vegetable potherb as
Jew’s mallow.
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9. Scientific Classification
 Local Name: Tossa pat, Sadha Pat.
 English Name: Jute
 Scientific Name: Tossa Jute --- Corchorus olitorius (L)
White Jute --- Corchorus capsularis (L)
 Family --- Tiliaceae
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10. Botanical description of jute
The botanical description of Jute plant is as follows:
 Plant: Annual herb, tall, slender half shrubby, nearly 2.0-
3.0 meters of height.
 Stem: Long, slender and colour varies from full green to
dark red in case of Capsularis and green or coloured light
red or deep red in case of Olitorius. Stem is terminally
branched.
 Root: Well branched tap root.
 Leaf: Simple and petiolate.
 Flower: Small and yellow in colour.
 Fruit: Capsule. Pod round (C.capsularis) and elongated
(C.olitorius)
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11. 11

12. Varieties of Jute
A number of white and tossa jute varieties has been released in
Bangladesh since the beginning of research in the first
decade of twentieth century. These include 21 white and 10
tossa jute varieties are as follows:
 White jute: Kakya Bombai, R-85, D-154, D-386,
Funduk, C-212, C-13, C-321, C-412, C-1, C-2, C-3,
C-4, C-5, C-6, CVE-3, CVL-1, CC-45, BJC-83,
BJC-7370, & C-38
 Tossa jute: R-26, R-27, CG, O-2, O-3, O-4, O-5, O-
9897, 0M-1 & O-72
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13. Jute based profitable crop rotation
 BJRI has developed profitable technology for three crops-
based crop rotation. For example:
jute-lentil+mustard, jute-transplanted Aman-wheat, jute-
transplanted Aman-gram, jute-transplanted Aman-onion,
jute-transplanted Aman-vegetable, jute-transplanted Aman-
mung bean or gram, jute- transplanted Aman-maize, jute-
transplanted Aman- data, jute- transplanted Aman-
gram+lentil, jute-transplanted Aman-potato+tobacco, jute-
transplanted Aman-tobacco, jute-radish-wheat+lentil, jute-
radish-potato+red spinach+pumpkin.
The farmers have increased their income by using crop rotaion
methods.
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14. Climate
The suitable climate for growing jute (warm and wet
climate) is offered by the monsoon climate during the
monsoon season.
Temperature
Temperatures from 20˚C to 40˚C and relative humidity of
70%–80% are favorable for successful jute cultivation.
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15. Soil and Land type
 Jute needs a plain alluvial soil and standing water.
 Alluvial sandy loam, clay loamy soils are best suited for
jute production.
 Capsularis jute can grow even in standing water
especially towards the latter part of its growth.
 Olitorius jute will not thrive in standing water. The latter
is more drought resistant and is therefore grown on
lighter soils.
 Soil pH 6.5-7.5
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16. Rainfall
 Jute requires 5–8 cm of rainfall weekly and more during
the sowing period.
Planting Time
 Jute is a rainy season crop, sown from
March to May according to rainfall
and type of land.
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17. Seed rate
 Seeds can be sown either by broadcasting or by line
sowing.
Jute type
Seed rate (kg/ha)
Spacing (cm)
No. of
Plants/ Sq. Mtr.
Line Sowing Broad Casting
(Tossa jute)
Olitorius
5 7 25 x 5 80
White jute
(Capsularis)
7 10 30 x 5 67
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18. Intercultural operation
Weed Management :
 Hand weeding twice on 20 - 25 DAS and 35 - 40 DAS.
 Fluchloralin can be sprayed at 3 days after sowing at the
rate of 1.5 kg per hectare and is followed by irrigation.
 Further one hand weeding can be taken up at 30 - 35 DAS.
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19. Water Management:
 Jute crop requires 500 mm of water.
 First irrigation is to be given after sowing and life
irrigation on fourth day after sowing.
 Afterwards irrigation can be given once in 15
days.
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20. Drainage
 Appropriate drainage facility may be
arranged in order to avoid stagnation of
water in the event of high rainfall during the
crop growth period.
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21. Nutrients and fertilizers
 A good crop of tossa jute yielding 3.1 t ha-1 of
dry fibre takes on an average of 65 kg N, 52 kg
P2O5 , 163 kg K2O, 128 kg CaO, and 33 kg
MgO ha-1 is required.
 White jute yielding 2.0 t ha-1 of dry fibre takes
on an average 84 kg N, 37 kg P2O5, 117 kg
K2O, 120 kg CaO, and 49 kg MgO ha-1 during
growth period.
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22. Pests
 Jute hairy caterpilla,
 Jute semilooper,
 Jute stem weevil,
 Field cricket,
 Yellow mite
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23. Disease
Several diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and deficiency
or nutritional disorders these are-
 Leaf spot
 Leaf rot
 Root-rot
 Anthracnose
 Leaf blight
 White spongy rot
 Saprophyte
 Stem rot
 Wilt and dry rot
 Mosaic 23

24. Insect and pest control
Beside recommendation of several pesticides, physical
and biological control measures have also been
recommended for jute. Raw garlic paste 12.50% i.e.
125 gram garlic paste mixed with 1 Kg jute seed can
be used for seed purification and to prevent seedling
mortality. Neem leaf extracts and water (1:20) can be
used to control white mite.
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25. Harvesting
 Jute is harvested any time between 120 days to 150 days
 when the flowers have been shed, early harvesting gives
good healthy fibers.
 The plant from 8 to 12 feet high are cut with stickles at or
close the ground level.
 In flooded land, plants are up rooted.
 The harvested plants are left in field for 3 days for the
leaves to shed.
 The stems are then made up into bundles for steeping in
water. Steeping is carried out immediately after harvest.
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26. Yield:
 Green plant weight yield is 45 to 50 tonnes per
hectare
 Fibre yield is 2.0 to 2.5 tonnes per hectare.
Raw Jute
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27. The Fiber Extraction Process
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28. Retting Process Retting of Jute
Fibre Extraction Fibre Extraction 28

29. Fibre Extraction Washing Fibre
Drying Fibre Trasportation of Jute
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30. Uses
 The fibre is use of household, domestic and
decorative purposes like ropes, sacks,bags, blanket,
towine yarn, rugs, hessian cloth,wall mats etc.
Now it is used to produce CBC yarn and Jutex yarn
by blending with cotton fiber. Now a days green
jute is used to produce paper.
 The wood stick is used to makes paper,partecs
tabile,board etc.
 Young shoots, leaves can be eat by cooked.
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34. Cost of Production/Hectare
 Input Cost:
1. Material Cost = 5,705tk
2. Non-material cost = 78,880tk
 Overhead Cost: = 90,415tk
-------------------------------------------------
Total Cost =1,75,000tk
Gross Income – 2,10,000tk
Net Income = (2,10,000 –1,75,000)tk
= 35,000tk
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35. Conclusion
 Jute is the second most important natural fibre in
Bangladesh after cotton and contributes 4% to the national
GDP.
 About 3 million farmers are engaged in jute cultivation in
Bangladesh and it is the third largest export earner with
more than USD 450 mil annually.
 The recent mapping of the genome of the jute seed by
several Bangladeshi scientists working in collaboration, has
opened up a new horizon for the jute sector.
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