Simple Future.pptx

1. Simple Future
a. The Key Words: Tomorrow, Next day, Next month, This
afternoon, This evening, In future, Someday, Sometime,
Sooner or later, On of these days, Tonight.
b. Form:
Affirmative
sentence
Negative sentence Interrogative sentence
S + WillShall + V1
+ O
S + WillShall + Not +
V1 + O
WillShall + S + V1 + O
I will visit my
parents Tomorrow
I won’t disturb you
tonight
Will you clean up the room
tonight?

 The usage: This tense is used:
◦ To express a future actions. Example: I shall met you tomorrow.
◦ To express something will happen soon. Example: Nancy will
arrange it for you.
◦ To express sudden action. Example: Oh, I've left the door open.
◦ To tell general truth and something which can be hoped to
happen if special occasion appears. Example: When the crisis is
over, people will be very happy.
◦ To express something in special situation: Offering (That bag's
very heavy. I will help you with): Agreeing/refusing (A. You
know that book lent you. Can I have it back? B. Of course. I'll
bring it back this afternoon.
◦ To express an opinion about something in the future. Example: I
expect they'll be here soon.
◦ To form conditional sentence. Example: If they come here now,
my brother will be very happy.

2. Future Continues Tense
a. Key words: This time tomorrow, next week, this afternoon, on…(on
Monday) next week
b. Form:
Affirmative sentence Negative sentence Interrogative sentence
S + WillShall + be + V-
ing + O + Adverb
S + WillShall + Not +
V-ing + O + Adverb
WillShall + S + V-ing +
Adverb
I’ll be watching TV at 10
tomorrow
You’ll not be painting the
wall this time next week
Will he be standing near
the traffic light at 7 p.m
this evening?

c. Usage:
◦ To ask an information. Ex. Will you be bringing the book with you?
◦ To express an action going on in the future. Ex. When I go home, she will be waiting
for me.
◦ To express future planned actions. Ex. They will be selling tickets for the benefit
show next week.
◦ To project or to make planning about something that will happen. Ex. We shall be
landing at the airport in a few minutes.
◦ To predict something that will happen.
3. Future Perfect Tense
a. Key words: By the time, by then, when, until/till, by.
b. Form:
Affirmative sentence Negative sentence Interrogative sentence
S + Will + have + V3 + O +
Adverb
S + Will + Not + have V3
+ O + Adverb
Will + S + have + V3 + O +
Adverb
I will have left school by
12.30
They won’t have
begun to work by 9
a.m
Will you have stayed at
home until he comes?

c. Usage: This tense is used for a future completed action before another action in
the certain time in the future. Ex I shall have written the book by tomorrow.
4. Future Perfect Continuous
a. Key words: By. Ex. By March
b. Form:
c. Usage : This tense is used for an action going on in future and it will continue
to a certain time in future. The function of this tense is almost the same as future
perfect tense. Ex. When she completes her PhD, she will have doing her
research in the university for two years.
Affirmative sentence Negative sentence Intterogative sentence
S+Will + have + been
+V-ing +O+Adverb
S + Will + Not + have
+ been +V-ing +O
+Adverb
Will+S+ have + been +
V-ing + O+ Adverb
By 7 o’clock I will have
been sitting here for
three years.
He will not have been
eating by the time his
mother calls.
Will we have been
staying for a week
when I arrive there.

 There are two ways of relating “ what a person has said” :Direct and
Indirect.
 In direct speech, we repeat the original speaker’s exact words. Ex:He
said,”I have lost my umbrella “
 In Indirect speech(reported speech), we give the exact meaning of a remark
of a speech, without necessarilly using the speaker’s exact words. Ex, He
said (that)he had lost his umbrella.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Will/Shall
May
Must, Might, Could, Would, Should,
Ought To
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect
Would/should
Might
No Change

I
We
Me
Us
My
Our
Mine
Ours
He, she
They
Him, her
Them
His, her
Their
Hers, his
theirs
You
Your
Yours
I, me
He, him
She, her
We us
They, them
My , your
His, her, their
Ours, theirs

Today
Yesterday
Tomorrow
The day before yesterday
The day after tomorrow
This, these
Now
Here
Ago
Last week
Next week
The day, the same day
The day before, the previous day
The day after, the following day
Two days before
In two days time
That, those
Then, at that time, at once
There, in that place
Before
The week before, the previous week
The week after, the following week

• Main Clause in Simple Present Tense : The verb in Indirect speech doesn’t
change expect personal pronoun and adverb of time or place.
Example :
He says “The boys likes to read it”.
My mother says, “I will stay Overnight”.
The teacher says, “you must bring your
homework now”.
He says that the boy likes to read it.
My mother says that she will stay overnight
The teacher says that we must bring our
homework then.

 Main Clause in Simple Past Tense: the time (tense), adverb of time ad place
in indirect speech must change.
He explained, “I never eat meat”
He said, “ I’m waiting for Anna”
He said, “I have found a flat”
He said, “I’ve been waiting for ages”
She said, ”I took it home with me”
He said,” I will/shall be in Paris on
Monday”
She said, “ I will/shall be using the car
myself on the 24th
I said, “i would/should like to see it”
He explained that he never ate meat
He said that he was waiting for Anna
He said that he had found a flat
He said that he had been waiting for ages
She said that she had taken it home with
her
He said that he would/should be in Paris
on Monday
She said that she would/should be using the
car herself on the 24th
I said that i would/should like to see it

Helmi said, “ New York is bigger than
London”
Ann said, “I want to go to London next
year
Helmi said that New York is bigger than
London
Ann said that she wants (or wanted) to go
to London

The doctor said to me, “stay in bed for a
few days”
Vidy asked, “can you open the door for
me, Happy?
The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few
days
The doctor said to me to stay in bed for a
few days
Vidy asked Happy to open the door for her
Vidy told Happy to open the door for her
Vidy said to Happy to open the door for
her

DIRECT SPEECH (Negative) INDIRECT SPEECH(Negative)
I said to Mario, “don’t shout”
Endang told me, “please don’t tell
anyone about what happened”
I said to Mario not to shout
Endang told me not to tell anyone about
what had happened
DIRECT SPEECH(Interrogative) INDIRECT SPEECH(Interrogative
The man asked me, “ where do you
live?”
I asked him, “when did you get back from
your trip?”
The man asked me where I lived
I asked him when he had got back from
his trip

a) Reported Statement: Tense in reported statement doesn’t change if that statement
is true.
Ex. DS: Jane told me,”it begins at eight o’clock”
IS : Jane told me that it begins at eight o’clock

Tony suggested, ”let’s go out!” (suggestions)
The doctor said, “ take this pills before
meals”(order-suruhan)
A women asked, “would you mind not leaving
your car here?”(request)
Clara said,’you’d better call the
police”.(advise)
I warned my boy friend, “don’t be
late!”(warnings)
“if you don’t go, I’ll call the police” (threats)
“we simply must take a taxi” (insistence –
desakan)
Tony suggested going out (gerund)
The doctor told me to take the pills
before meals.
A women asked me not to leave the car
here.
Clara advised me to the call the police.
I warned my boy friend not to be late
I threatened to call the police

Dodi said, “ i’m not going to wait any
longer”(refusal-penolakan)
“I’ll send you a postcard”(promise)
Eric asked, “can i help you?” (offers-
penawaran jasa)
“Would you like to have lunch with us?”
(invitation)
Dodi refused to wait any longer
He promised to send us a postcard
Eric offered to help me
Mrs. Hudson invited us to lunch.

 Reported yes-no question : Using IF or WHETHER. Whether is used for formal
situation.
He asked, “have you been to London?”
She asked me, “Is your father a
soldier?”
He asked, “Does Flory come today?”
He asked Tia, “Must we have repetition
today?”
He asked if/whether i had been to
London
She asked me if/whether my father was a
soldier
He asked if/whether flory to came that
day.
He asked Tia if/whether we must have
repetition that day

 Reported information question : using the same question word as in reported
speech.
DIRECT SPEECHa INDIRECT SPEECH
Jack asked me, “where is john?”
He asked me, “ where do you live?”
He asked Jane, “ when did you arrive?”
The doctor asked me, “why has she been
sick?”
She asked me, “who came here
yesterday?”
He asked me, “what is your name?”
jack asked me where john was
He asked me where I lived
He asked Jnae when she had arrived
The doctor asked me why she had been
sick
She asked me who had come there the day
before
He asked me what my name is (Was)

1.INFINITIVE
INFINITIVE is a word which is not limited by the person or number
of the subject. It, in fact, is a kind of a noun having certain features of
noun. So it is also treated as a Verb Noun.
The uses of infinitive :
As the subject of a verb.
Ex. To advise others is easy: To learn English is difficult To please John is
hard. These sentences must be written with a preparatory subject 'it'.
Ex. It is easy to advise others; It is difficult to learn English. It is hard to
please John.
As the object of a transitive verb.
Ex. I wish to become a poet. He likes to read books; we propose to visit
Ursula,

As the complement of a verb.
Ex. Our greatest pleasure is to help the poor. My ambition is to marry her;
Her plan is to settle in Jakarta.
As the object of preposition.
Ex. I had no choice but to give up my hope; we are about to begin our work.
As an object complement.
Ex. We heard him speak to his father, We found her open the door, I noticed
Jack smile at me.
To qualify a verb to express purpose.
Ex. I wanted to give a present to my mother We have come to see Jack; I read
books o increase my knowledge.
To qualify an adjective.
Ex. We are very happy to sit in the garden; It is hard to please Margaret;
English is difficult to learn.

To qualify a noun.
Ex. it is not the time to sleep: I have the letters to post: She has a child to
look after.
To qualify a sentence.
Ex. To tell the truth, we have no problem with you; To explain bluntly, we are
in need of money: To tell you frankly, I am not able to help you

Bare infinitive is used with the following verbs: bid, watch, see, let, make,
help, hear, need, dare.
Ex. I bade him go: Let him speak; I watched Mark talk: She made me
understand life; She dared not speak with her father.
With Auxiliary verbs: Shall, should; will; would; may; might; can; could; do,
did: must need; dare.
Ex. I shall go there; I will pay the money. He must return the money.
With certain phrases: had better, had rather, would rather, sooner than; rather
than. Ex. You had better consult a good doctor; You had rather speak to her
about
it: I would rather work hard than take rest.
With certain prepositions: except; but, than. Ex. Luke does nothing except
blame others; I can do everything but understand the nature; I would die
rather than accept defeat.

 Note: Bare infinitives can be replaced by 'to' infinitives. Ex. I can teach (I
am able to teach). She bade me wait (She asked me to wait); Let me tell
you something (Allow me to tell you something): I must respect her (I
ought to respect her); I will punish her (I am determined to punish her).
 Example:
 a. I expect John to carefully read the letter (wrong)= I expect to read the
letter carefully (right).
 b. She tried to clearly explain the situation (wrong) = She tried to explain
clearly the = situation (right).

Gerund is a word ending with -ING and has the force of a noun and verb. It
is also known as Verbal Noun.
The uses of Gerund:
As subject of a verb.
Ex. Walking is a good exercise for health; Reading books increases our
knowledge; working hard makes you successful.
Object of a transitive verb.
Ex. He dislikes sleeping long; she prefer studying computer science, she hates
worrying about the future.
Object of preposition
Ex. I am tired of applying for the jobs; he is afraid of telling the truth; my
father is addicted to drinking.
Complement of a verb.
Ex. My aim in life is becoming a writer, her objective is starting a home for
parentless children; what I want to do in life is achieving something useful for
all.

 In place of infinitive
 The difference between the gerund and participle should be noted
carefully:
Infinitive Gerund
Teach me to speak
To advise is easier than to
practice
Teach me speaking
Advising is easier than
practicing
Gerund (noun) Particple (adjective)
She is tired of of writing letters
to her husband
I was prevented from meeting
Linda
Respecting our parents is our
duty
Writing letters to her husband,
she forgot everything
Meeting Linda for the first
time, I decided to marry her
Respecting her words, I never
tried to meet her

As subject
As object
Being asked to tidy his room, annoys John.
Being told that he is lazy, makes him very
angry.
My sister doesn’t like being woken up early.
The students don’t like being given too much
homework

 Gerund may be used like an ordinary noun.
Ex. The planning of time helps us succeed in life; The collecting of taxes is the
duty of the government; The loving of children delights me.
 The possessive case of the noun and pronoun should be used before gerunds.
Ex. She insisted on me paying the money (incorrect); She insisted on my paying the
money (correct); Jack objected to Marry talking like that (incorrect); Jack objected
Marry's talking like that (correct); I am sorry for him having spent life uselessly
(incorrect); am sorry for his having spent life uselessly (correct).
 The possessive case should not be used with the gerund in the following cases.
= Gerund in passive form. Ex. I was shocked at Soeharto being assassinated
(correct); I was shocked at Soeharto's being assassinated (incorrect); We were
delighted at Mother Teresa being awarded Noble peace prize (correct). We were
delighted at Mother Teresa's being awarded Noble peace prize (incorrect).
= Noun denoting a lifeless thing. Ex. There is no chance of the snow falling
(correct); There is no chance of the snow's falling (incorrect): There is no
possibility of the election taking place (correct): There is no possibility of the
election's taking place (incorrect).

Gerund (noun) Participle (adjective)
Dining table
Shopping-bag
Washing room
Racing car
Washing machine
Writing paper
Swimming costume
Sleeping child
Crying baby
Singing birds
Playing children
Burning building

 Form:
The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the
same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb.
The subject of the active verb becomes "the agent" of the passive verb. The
agent is very often not mentioned. When it is mentioned it is preceded by
"BY" and placed at the end of clause.
Ex. Active: My grandfather planted the tree
Passive: The tree was planted by my grandfather

Tenses Active Passive
Simple present We keep the butter
here
The butter is kept here
Present continuous They are repairing the
bridge
The bridge is being
repaired
Present perfect People have seen
wolves in the streets
Wolves have been seen
in the streets
Simple past They broke the
window
The window was
broken
Past continuous They were carrying the
injured player off the
field
The injured player was
being carried off the
field
Simple future You must shut this
doors
These doors must be
shut(passive infinitive)
Future perfect They should/ought to
have told him
He should/ought to
have been told
(perfect infinitive
passive)

 Other Infinitive combinations:
Verbs of Liking/loving/wanting/wishing .etc. + Object+ Infinitive form their
passive with the passive infinitive.
Ex. A. He wants someone to take photographs; P. He wants photographs to be
taken.
With verbs of Command/request/advice/invitation indirect infinitive, we form
the passive by using the passive form of the main verb.
Ex. A. He invited me to go. P. was invited to go.
But with Advise/beg/order/recommend/urge+ indirect object + infinitive +
object, we can form the passive in two ways: by making the main verb
passive, as above, or by advise, etc. + that...should + passive infinitive.
Ex. A. He urged the Council to reduce the rates: P The Council was/were
urged to reduce the rates; He urged that the rates should be reduced.
Agree/be anxious/arrange/be determined/determine/decide/demand infinitive
+ object are usually expressed in the passive by that...should, as below:
Ex. A. He decided to sell the house, P. He decided that the house should be
sold.

Advise/insist/propose/recommend/suggest + Gerund + object are usually
expressed in the passive by that...should.
Ex. A. He recommended using bullet-proof glass; P. He recommended that
the bullet-proof glass should be used.
 Itthey+need+ gerund can also be expressed by Uthey+need+passive
infinitive. Both forms are passive in meaning. Other gerund combinations
are expressed in the passive by the passive gerund.
Ex. A I remember them taking me to the Zoo; P. I remember being taken to
the Zoo. Exercises: Prepositions with

CONDITIONAL
1. Definition
Conditional sentences are the sentences that compose two parts the if clause
and the main clause (Thomson and Martinet). Ex. If it rains, I shall stay at
home.
Conditional sentence is a sentence that describes the condition of something
to happen (Murcia, et al.). Ex. If he runs, he will get there in time
The conditional sentence expresses the dependence of one set of
circumstances (the result clause) on another (if clause) (quirck and
Greenbaun). Ex. If I go, John will go.

2. Types of conditional sentence
a) Zero conditional sentence
Form: If clause + main clause
Present simple Present simple
This form always appears in scientific writing.
Ex. If oil mixes water, it floats; If you boil water, it vaporizes: If it rains, the
roads are wet.
Use:
= To express factual conditionals (fact, general truth). Ex. If you heat
ice, it melts; If you lower the temperature of water, it freezes.
= To express a condition as a habit. Ex. If I don't drink milk in the
morning, I always feel hungry during the day.
= To tell the instruction or imperative. Ex. If you make a mistake, tub
it out.

b) First conditional sentence
Form: If clause + main clause
Simple present Simple future
Ex. I will tell Sisca if see her: David shall go home if he is feeling sick: If
Peter studies hard, he will pass the test, If I find your book, I will give it to
you; If it rains, I will stay at home; If I don't find it. I'll phone you.
OR
If clause + Main clause
Present Perfect Tense Simple future
Present Perfect Tense Auxiliary Verbs (can, should)

Ex. If you've finished this exercise, you will do the next one; If you've never
been to Jakarta, you should try to go there.
= To express predictive /future conditionals. It means that it is used express
something probably happens in the future. Ex. If you study hard, you'll pass
the exam; If bring money, I will be able to buy those things.
= To be used in some contexts namely threat( ancaman), warning
(peringatan), offer (penawaran jasa). Ex. If you don't do that again, I'll kill
you !: Be careful! If you touch that, you'll bum yourself, I will post the letter
if you like.
 Note In conditional sentence, If the if clause in negative form (If Not) so, it
can be changed with Unless. Ex. I'll go if it doesn't rain = I'll go unless it
rains; I'll join the party if I'm not sick = I'll join the party unless I am sick:
You won't pass the exam if you don't study hard = You won't pass the exam
unless you study hard.

c) Second conditional sentence
Form : if Clause + Main Clause
Simple past would / could / should
Ex. If I had much money, I would eat at restaurant everyday. If I saw a
ghost, I would run away,
Use:
= To express something, which is contradictory with the fact now.

 Ex. If I won some money now, I would travel around the world (Fact: I
don't win any money. So, I don't travel around the world); If/ didn't like my
job, I would give it up (Fact: I like my job now, so don't give it up now); If
I didn't work hard now, I wouldn't have any money now (Fact: I work hard
now, so have money). Ng
= To express something what we expect may not take place (theoretically is
ok but it is not in practice). Ex. If I were a bird, Ifor would fly to you (fact: I
am not a bird, so don't fly to you); If I were a President, I would abolish
taxation (Fact: I am not a President, so
 I don't abolish taxation). Note: Formally, Were is always used for singular
and plural subject, but in informal way, we can use Was.
 To advise someone. Ex. If I were you, I would have a rest now; You would
get on with people better if you were more polite; If I didn't love you, I
wouldn't do it = Unless I loved you, I wouldn't do it; If I wasn't sick, I
would pick you up now = Unless I was sick, I would pick you up now.
 Note: Three kinds of conditional sentences above are called PRESENT
CONDITIONAL because three of them describe the condition of
something to happen now.

d) Third conditional sentence
Form : If Clause Main Clause
Past Perfect + Would/could/should +Have +PP
Ex. If I had met you, I would have told you the story yesterday, If 1 hadn't
driven his car carefully, he would have crashed into the river.
Use:
= To express something, which is against to the fact in the past. Ex. If you had
helped me, I would have helped you yesterday (Fact: You didn't help me, so I
didn't help you yesterday); If she hadn't made any cake, they wouldn't have
gathered at her house (Fact: She made some cake, so they gathered at her
house).

Types of conditional
sentence
Active Passive
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
If you heat ice, it melts
If you read more
books, you’ll get more
knowledge
If I saw the President, I
would askhis help.
If you had read the
book, you had
achieved more
knowledge
If ice is heated, it
melts.
If more book are read,
more knowledge will
be got(achieved)
If the President were
seen his help would be
asked.
If the book had been
read, more knowledge
would have been
achieved.

ETHICAL QUESTIONS
1. HOPE versus WISH
The verb HOPE is generally used to express optimism, that something is
possible. The verb WISH is often used to express impossibility or
improbability, that the speaker wants reality to be other than it. Ex. I hope
(that) the team won last night (I don't know whether they won or not); I wish
(that) the team hadn't lost last night (I know that the team lost last night).

Wishes about future
I wish (that) the situation were going to change
I wish (that) the situation would (could) change. (I
think the situation is not going to change)
Wishes about present
Tony wishes (that) he were still young. (He is
middle aged)
I wish (that) I could leave right now. ( I have to
stay)
I wish (that) we saw each other more often. (We
rarely see each other)
Present and future wishes are expressed by using
would, could or by subjunctive verb form. In most
cases, this form is the same as the simple past.
However, in formal English were is used for all
forms of the verb be. In informal English, was is
often used with I, He, She , It.
wishes about past
I wish (that) they had come sooner. (they came late)
I wish that they hadn’t left so early. (they left early)
She wishes she could have some. (She couldn’t come)
Past wishes are expressed by using a subjunctive verb
form. The past form is the same as the past perfect
(had+past participle). In conversation, perfect modals
are sometimes used
2. IF (compare with the explanation of Conditional Sentences).

THE REFERENCES
Asa, Paul SVD. 2003. Mari Belajar Bahasa Inggris (2). Jakarta: Gramedia
Wadiasarana Indonesia.
Frank Marcella. 1972. Modern English. Exercises for non-native speakers. New
Jersey: Prentice-hall.
Murcia, Celce Mariane and Diana Larsen Freeman. 1983. The Grammar Book. An
ESL/EFL Teacher's course. London: Newbury House Publishers, Inc.
Murphy, Raymond. 1990. Essential Grammar in Use. Great Britain: Cambridge
University Press.
Murthy, J.D. 2000. Brush up Your English Grammar. New Delhi: Book Palace.
Swan, Michael. 1998. Practical English Usage. Great Britain: Oxford University
Press.
Thomson, A.J. and A.V. Martinet. 1999. A Practical English Grammar. London:
Oxford University Press.

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