This document provides guidance on performing venepuncture for first year medical students. It details the necessary steps including checking the request form and order of draw, gathering equipment, choosing a vein, performing the puncture safely, and obtaining and handling samples. Complications are outlined as well as alternative venepuncture systems beyond the standard Sarstedt system. The overall process is broken down into clear individual steps to help students properly conduct their first venepunctures.
Suction machines- Applications and Maintenanceshashi sinha
Suction machines (also known as aspirators) are used to remove unwanted fluid from body cavities. They are found in operating theatres, delivery suites, ENT and emergency departments. Smaller specialised suctions are used in dental departments.
How it works
Suction is generated by a pump. This is normally an electrically powered motor, but manually powered versions are also often found. The pump generates a suction that draws air from a bottle. The reduced pressure in this bottle then draws the fluid from the patient via a tube. The fluid remains in the bottle until disposal is possible. A valve prevents fluid from passing into the motor itself.
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
IM Injection (Introduction, Definition, Purpose, Technique, Rights of Medication, Z-Track Method, Equipment, Procedure and Responsibilities)..
Suction machines- Applications and Maintenanceshashi sinha
Suction machines (also known as aspirators) are used to remove unwanted fluid from body cavities. They are found in operating theatres, delivery suites, ENT and emergency departments. Smaller specialised suctions are used in dental departments.
How it works
Suction is generated by a pump. This is normally an electrically powered motor, but manually powered versions are also often found. The pump generates a suction that draws air from a bottle. The reduced pressure in this bottle then draws the fluid from the patient via a tube. The fluid remains in the bottle until disposal is possible. A valve prevents fluid from passing into the motor itself.
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
IM Injection (Introduction, Definition, Purpose, Technique, Rights of Medication, Z-Track Method, Equipment, Procedure and Responsibilities)..
BD vacutainer became a standard medical device for blood sample. There are so many reasons why it still keeps the number one position amongst its competitors since 1949, when it was invented.
Collecting blood samples and other biological specimens is crucial to the understanding, prevention, and treatment of disease. However, from the patient’s perspective, it can also be painful, unnerving, frightening, and inconvenient.
PHLEBOTOMY
The process of collecting a blood sample is called
phlebotomy
This procedure is also known as Venipuncture
A person who performs phlebotomy is called a
phlebotomist, although doctors nurses, and medical
laboratory scientists.
BLOOD SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PROCESSING
The first step in acquiring a quality lab. Test result for any
patient is the specimen collection procedure.
Blood specimen are obtained through capillary skin puncture
(finger, toe, heel), arterial , venous sampling.
VENIPUNCTURE
Venipuncture is the process of obtaining blood samples from veins
for lab testing
VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE STEPS
STEP 1:- Preparation of specimen collection material:
Following material should be readily available in the specimen
collection section-
Disposable syringes and needles or vacutainer systems.
Disposable lancets
Gauze pads or cotton
Tourniquet
70% (V/V) ethanol
Clean and dry wide mouth bottles
Leak- proof transportation bags and containers
A puncture-resistant sharp container
Blood collection tubes
VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE STEPS
STEP 1: Preparation of specimen collection material:
Sterile glass or plastic tubes with rubber caps
Vacuum-extraction blood tubes
Glass tubes with screw caps
Sterile glass or bleeding pack (collapsible) if large
quantities of blood are to be collected
well-fitting, non-sterile gloves
Laboratory specimen labels
Writing equipment
Laboratory forms
ORDER OF DRAW
To avoid cross-contamination, blood must be drawn and collected in
tubes in a specific order. This is known as the Order of Draw.
Blood culture
Blue tube for coagulation (Sodium Citrate)
Red No Gel
Gold SST (Plain tube w/gel and clot activator additive)
Green and Dark Green (Heparin, with and without gel)
Lavender (EDTA)
Pink - Blood Bank (EDTA)
Gray (Oxalate/Fluoride)
Black ( ESR)
VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE STEPS
Step 2:- Patient preparation:
Following instruction is given to the patient
patient should be on balanced diet at least for 2 to 3 days prior
to the test.
The day before sample collection, the patient should not drink
intoxicating substance, esp. alcoholic drinks and eat tobacco.
Patient should report to the lab. After fasting for 8-12 hrs.
Patient should not drink tea, or coffee or any other drinks
except one glassful of water.
VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE STEPS
Step 2 – Identify and prepare the patient
Where the patient is adult and conscious, follow the steps
outlined below.
Introduce yourself to the patient, and ask the patient to state their
full name.
Check that the laboratory form matches the patient’s identity (i.e.
match the patient’s details with the laboratory form, to ensure
accurate identification).
Ask whether the patent has allergies, phobias or has ever fainted
during previous injections or blood draws.
If the patient is anxious or afraid, reassure the person and ask what
would make them more comfortable.
capillary method
aretial method
28. Vacutainer system
The system consists
of three separate
components
Needle
Holder
Vacuum sample
bottle(s)
29. Vacutainer system
The needle is screwed
into the base of the
container
A rubber sleeve sits
within the container over
a second needle bevel
This image shows the
needle pro safety device
which covers the needle
post insertion to reduce
needle stick injury.
Image supplied by Smiths Medical
30. Vacutainer system
The vacuum sample bottle is pushed onto the
rubber covered needle after venous access is
obtained. (an adapter is available to enable the
user to see flash back)
Blood is drawn by the vacuum into the bottle.
Further samples can be taken by changing
vacuum bottle within the container
Always check the order in which the sample
bottles should be taken as the solution in
certain bottles would alter results in
subsequent samples if taken in the wrong order
31. If using a traditional syringe and needle
Use of the traditional syringe and
needle method necessitates the
decanting of blood into the
sample bottle.
If this is necessary, remove the
needle and take the top off the
sample bottles to minimise risk of
needle stick injury and blood
spillage
Always wear gloves when
decanting