In urinary catheterization a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. Catheterization allows urine to drain from the bladder for collection. It may also be used to inject liquids used for treatment or diagnosis of bladder condition
In urinary catheterization a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. Catheterization allows urine to drain from the bladder for collection. It may also be used to inject liquids used for treatment or diagnosis of bladder condition
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Urinary catheterisation is a procedure used to drain the bladder and collect urine, through a flexible tube called a catheter. Urinary catheters are usually inserted by doctors or nurses in hospital or the community
Objectives :
-List the indications and contraindications for urinary catheterization.
- Indicate the appropriate catheter type/size.
- Discuss the risks associated with catheterizations.
-Describe the equipment for female/male/pediatric urinary catheterization.
- Discuss a safe method of performing urinary catheterizations .
Catheterization Procedure by Anushri Srivastav.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Catheterization of the bladder involves introducing a latex or plastic tube through the urethra and into the bladder. The catheter provides a continuous flow of urine in patients unable to control micturition or those with obstructions. It also provides a means of assessing urine output in hemodynamically unstable patients. Because bladder catheterization carries the risk of UTI, blockage, and trauma to the urethra, it is preferable to rely on other measures for either specimen collection or management of incontinence.
Types of Catheterization.
Intermittent and indwelling retention catheterizations are the two forms of catheter insertion
INTERMITTENT CATHETERIZATION
introduce a straight single-use catheter long enough to drain the bladder (5 to 10 minutes
When the bladder is empty, you immediately withdraw the catheter.
COMPLICATION- increases risk of trauma and infection.
INDICATION- It is common for people with spinal cord injury or other neurological problems such as multiple sclerosis to perform self– intermittent catheterization up to every 4 hours daily for months or years.
UTI rate is lower than for patients with long-term indwelling catheters.
INDWELLING CATHETERIZATION-
remains in place for a longer period, until a patient is able to void voluntarily or continuous accurate urine measurements are no longer needed
The straight single-use catheter has a single lumen with a small opening about 1.3 cm ( 1 2 inch) from the tip.
. Urine drains from the tip, through the lumen, and to a receptacle.
An indwelling Foley catheter has a small inflatable balloon that encircles the catheter just above the tip. When inflated the balloon rests against the bladder outlet to anchor the catheter in place.
The indwelling retention catheter often has two or three lumens within the body of the catheter . One lumen drains urine through the catheter to a collecting tube. A second lumen carries sterile water to and from the balloon when it is inflated or deflated. A third (optional) lumen is sometimes used to instill fluids or medications into the bladder. It is easy to determine the number of lumens by the number of drainage and injection ports at the end of the catheter
A second type of intermittent catheter has a curved tip
A Coudé catheter is used on male patients who may have enlarged prostates that partly obstruct the urethra. It is less traumatic during insertion because it is stiffer and easier to control than the straight-tip catheter
Plastic catheters are suitable only for intermittent use because of their inflexibility
Latex catheters are recommended for use up to 3 weeks. Be aware of allergies.
Pure silicon or Teflon catheters are best suited for long-term use (2 to 3 months) because of less encrustation at the urethral meatus
Balloon sizes range from 3 mL (pediatric) to large postoperative volumes (75 mL). In adults the 5-mL and 30-mL sizes are the most common: The 5-mL size allows for optimal drainage, whereas the 30-mL size is used after pros
The H1N1 flu, sometimes called swine flu, is a type of influenza A virus.
During the 2009-10 flu season, a new H1N1 virus began causing illness in humans. It was often called swine flu and was a new combination of influenza viruses that infect pigs, birds and humans.
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the H1N1 flu to be a pandemic in 2009. That year the virus caused an estimated 284,400 deaths worldwide. In August 2010, WHO declared the pandemic over. But the H1N1 flu strain from the pandemic became one of the strains that cause seasonal flu.
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms (microbes), which are defined as any living organism that is either a single cell (unicellular), a cell cluster, or has no cells at all (acellular). This includes eukaryotes, such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes
Business Models in Strategic Management.PPTXAhmad Thanin
A business model is a company's core strategy for profitably doing business. Models generally include information like products or services the business plans to sell, target markets, and any anticipated expenses. The two levers of a business model are pricing and costs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
2. Definition
Urinary Catheterization is a medical procedure of
insertion a catheter through Male or Female urethra's
opening direct to bladder
Urinary Catheterization is used either therapeutic or
diagnostic.
Urinary Catheterization is done when a person is unable
to urinate using a toilet, bedpan, urinal, or when accurate
urinary output is required
3. Other Medical Terms
Dysuria:
Painful or
difficult
urination.
Hematuria:
Blood in
urine.
Nocturia:
Frequent
urination at
night.
Polyuria:
Large
amount of
urine.
Urinary
Urgency:
Need to void
at once.
Urinary
Frequency:
Voiding
frequent
intervals.
4. Indication
Therapeutic Diagnostic
Acute & Chronic Urinary Retention.
Intractable urinary incontinence
Bladder Irrigation.
Post operative.
Post spinal injury.
Post Epidural Anesthesia.
Measure Residual Urine.
Bladder investigation.
Allow intravesical drug
instillation
Obtain uncontaminated
urine sample
6. Types of Catheterization
• consists of a soft
plastic or rubber
sheath, tubing, and a
collection bag for the
urine.
Condom catheter
• used when the
catheter is to be
inserted and removed
immediately
Straight Catheter
• known as Foley
catheter, is left inside
the bladder to
provide continuous
urine drainage.
Indwelling Catheter
• is a type of indwelling
catheter. It is inserted
to irrigate the bladder
to prevent
obstruction (i.e
bleeding)
3-Way Catheter for
continuous bladder
irrigation (CBI)
• inserted into the
bladder through a
surgical incision
made in the
abdominal wall, right
above the pubic bone.
Suprapubic
Catheter
7. Complications
• Urinary Tract Infection.
• Creation of false passages.
• Urethral strictures.
• Urethral perforation.
• Bleeding
Acute phase
• Prostatitis.
• Cystitis.
• Urethritis.
• Pyelonephritis.
• Sepsis
For long period use:
8. Symptoms of a CAUTI can
include
pain in the lower
abdomen or groin area
a high temperature
a burning sensation
during urination
more frequent
urination
9. A person can reduce their risk
of developing a CAUTI by:
washing their hands thoroughly with soap and warm water before and after
touching catheter equipment
keeping the skin around the catheter entrance clean by washing it with mild soap
and water twice per day
ensuring that urine collection bags are kept below the level of the bladder, as this
will help prevent blockages
not lying on the catheter, as this can prevent the flow of urine through the tube
ensuring that there are no twists or kinks in the tubing, as blockages can raise the
risk of infection
keeping hydrated by drinking one or two glasses of liquid every 2 hours
10. Catheter Insertion
Equipment – General
Sterile Gloves.
Suitable Antiseptic.
Swabs or cotton wool.
Sterile paper towel or sterile blanket.
Anesthetic lubricating gel (Lignocaine Gel)
Appropriate size of sterile catheters.
Urine bag.
11. How To Do Urethral
Catheterization in a Female
Equipment
• Sterile drapes and gloves
• Povidone iodine
• Applicator swabs, sterile gauze, or cotton balls
• Water-soluble lubricant
• Urethral catheter (size 16 French Foley catheter is
appropriate for most women)*
• 10-mL syringe with water (for catheter balloon inflation)
• Sterile collection device with tubing
12. • The female urethral meatus appears as an anterior-
posterior slit located anterior to the vaginal opening and
about 2.5 cm posterior to the glans clitoris. If the meatus
recedes superiorly into the vagina, as can happen in
older women, it can often be palpated in the midline as a
soft mound surrounded by a firm ring of periurethral
tissue.
Relevant Anatomy
• To expose the vulva, position the patient supine in either
lithotomy or frog position (hips and knees partially
flexed, heels on the bed, hips comfortably abducted).
Positioning
13. Step-by-Step Description of
Procedure
Place all equipment within easy reach on an uncontaminated sterile field on
a bedside tray. You may put the box containing the catheter and the drainage
system between the patient’s legs, so that it is easily accessible during the
procedure.
If not done already, attach the catheter to the collection system and do not
break the seal unless a different type or size of catheter is required.
Test the retention balloon for leaks by inflating it with water.
Apply lubricant to the tip of the catheter.
Saturate the applicator swabs, cotton balls or gauze with povidone iodine.
14. Place the sterile fenestrated drape over the pelvis so that the
vulva is exposed.
Gently spread the labia and expose the urethral meatus, using
your nondominant hand. This hand is now contaminated and
must not be removed from the labia or touch any of the
equipment during the rest of the procedure.
Cleanse the area around the meatus with each cotton ball
saturated in povidone iodine. Use a circular motion, beginning
at the meatus and working your way outward. Discard or set
aside the newly contaminated gauze or cotton balls.
Hold the lubricated catheter and gently pass it through the
urethra, using your free hand. Urine should flow freely into
the collection tubing. If the catheter accidentally passes into
the vagina, it should be discarded and a new catheter used.
15. Inflate the balloon with the
recommended volume of water, usually
10 mL. Resistance or pain may indicate
that the balloon is in the urethra and
not the bladder. If so, deflate the
balloon, then insert it all the way
before reinflation.
Pull the balloon up snug against
the bladder neck, after the balloon
has been inflated, by slowly
withdrawing the catheter until
resistance is felt.
16. • Remove the drapes.
• Secure the catheter to the thigh with an adhesive
bandage or tape.
• Hang the bag on the bed rails, so that urine can drain
via gravity.
Aftercare
• Be sure to maintain strict sterile technique during the
procedure to avoid urinary tract infection.
Warnings and Common Errors
17. How To Do Urethral
Catheterization in a Male
Equipment
• Sterile drapes and gloves
• Povidone iodine with application swabs, cotton balls, or gauze
• Water-soluble lubricant
• Urethral catheter* (size 16 French Foley catheter is appropriate for
most men; in the setting of prostatic hypertrophy or urethral
stricture, an alternate size or style of catheter may be required†)
• 10-mL syringe with sterile water (for catheter balloon inflation)
• Local anesthetic (eg, 5 to 10 mL of 2% lidocaine jelly in a syringe
[with no needle]) for distention and anesthesia of the male urethra
• Sterile collection device with tubing
18. Relevant Anatomy
• The male urethra bends acutely at the pubis.
Always hold the penis straight and upright, to
smooth out the curve, when passing a catheter
through the urethra.
Positioning
• Position the patient supine with hips
comfortably abducted.
19. Step-by-Step Description of
Procedure
Place all equipment within easy reach on an uncontaminated sterile field on a
bedside tray. You may put the box containing the catheter and the drainage
system between the patient’s legs, so that it is easily accessible during the
procedure.
If not done already, attach the catheter to the collecting system and do not
break the seal unless a different type or size of catheter or irrigation of the
catheter is required.
Test the retention balloon for integrity by inflating it with water, and apply
lubricant to the catheter tip.
Saturate the applicator swabs, cotton balls, or gauze with povidone iodine.
Place the sterile fenestrated drape over the pelvis so that the penis remains
exposed.
20. Grasp the shaft of the penis using your nondominant hand,
and retract the foreskin if the patient is uncircumcised. This
hand is now nonsterile and must not be removed from the
penis or touch any of the equipment during the rest of the
procedure.
Cleanse the glans penis with applicator swabs, gauze, or
cotton balls saturated in povidone iodine. Use a circular
motion, beginning at the meatus, and work your way
outward. Discard or set aside the newly contaminated
items.
Inject viscous lidocaine into the urethra. Insert the hub of
the lidocaine-containing syringe into the penile meatus and
inject about 5 mL. Pinch the meatus closed, to retain the
lidocaine within the urethra, for at least 1 minute. The
lidocaine distends the urethra, as well as provides some
anesthesia, thereby easing catheter passage.
21. Hold the catheter in your free hand. If a coudé catheter is being used, the tip
should point upward, so as to track the superior urethral wall during
insertion.
Advance the catheter slowly through the urethra and into the urinary bladder.
Patient discomfort is common. Ask the patient to relax and take slow deep
breaths as you continue to apply steady pressure on the catheter until it is
fully advanced to the level of the side port. Urine should flow freely into the
collection tubing.
Slowly inflate the balloon with 5 to 10 mL of water. Obvious resistance or
patient discomfort suggests incorrect placement. If this happens, deflate the
balloon, withdraw the catheter slightly, and then reinsert the catheter all the
way before trying to reinflate the balloon.
Position the balloon at the bladder neck, after successful balloon inflation, by
slowly withdrawing the catheter until you feel resistance.
To prevent paraphimosis, reduce the foreskin after the procedure.
22. • Remove the drapes.
• Secure the catheter to the thigh with an adhesive bandage, tape, or
strap. Some advocate taping the catheter to the lower abdominal wall to
minimize pressure on the posterior urethra.
• Place the bag below the level of the patient to ensure that urine can
drain via gravity.
Aftercare
• Be sure to maintain strict sterile technique during the procedure to
avoid urinary tract infection.
• Be sure to reduce the foreskin after the procedure.
• Be careful not to use excessive force during insertion, which could
potentially cause urethral injury.
Warnings and Common Errors