This document provides information on intravenous cannulation procedures. It discusses indications for IV therapy, contraindications for venipuncture, appropriate vein sites, preparation of supplies and the patient, steps for cannula insertion, and post-procedure care. The skills of IV cannulation and maintaining patency are essential for nurses to provide basic treatment to hospitalized patients.

1. INTRAVENOUS
CANNULATION

2. INTRODUCTION
INTRAVENOUS THERAPY IS ONE OF THE MOST BASIC
TRAETMENT GIVEN TO ALMOST TO EVERY PATIENT
ADMITTED TO EVERY HOSPITAL, AND THE SKILL OF
INTRAVENOUS CATHETER INSERTION MUST BE
REMEMBERED BY HEART BY EVERY NURSE
THERAPIST.

4. CONTRAINDICATIONS
VENIPUNCTURE IS CONTRA INDICATED IN SITES THAT
HAVE:
SIGN OF
INFECTION
SIGN OF
INFILTRATION
SIGN OF
THROMBOSIS
PRESENCE OF
AV FISTULA.

5.  VEINS OF FOREARM (BASILIC AND CEPHALIC VEIN).
 VEINS IN THE ANTECUBITAL FOSSA (MEDIAN CUBITAL,
CEPHALIC, AND BASILIC VEINS).
 VEINS IN THE RADIAL AREA (RADIAL VEIN).
 VEINS IN THE HAND (DORSAL METACARPAL VEINS).
 VEINS IN THE FOOT.
 VEINS IN THE THIGH (FEMORAL AND SAPHENOUS VEINS).
 VEINS IN THE SCALP(FOR INFANTS).

6. PREPARATION OF ARTICLES
A CLEAN TRAY CONTAINING:
 IV CANNULA
 TOURNIQUET
 STERILE GLOVES
 SYRINGE TRAY
 PRELOADED SYRINGE/ POSIFLUSH 10ml
 SIMPLE BIVALVE/Q SITE
 TRANSPERENT DRESSING (TEGADERM)/DYNAPLAST
 SHARP CONTAINER
 KIDNEY TRAY
 PAPER BAG
 ALCOHOL SWAB/WET COTTON
 DRY COTTON
 IV SET
 IV FLUID

9. PREPARATION OF NURSE
 REMOVE ALL ARTICLES/ORNAMENTS BEFORE PROCEDURE.
 ROLL OVER LONG SLEEVES IN CASE OF HINDRANCE.
 PERFORMHAND HYGIENE.
PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENT
 ENSURE PROPER LIGHTING IN THE CUBICLE
 PROVIDE PRIVACY TO THE PATIENT.

10. PREPARATION OF PATIENT
 EXPLAIN THE PROCEDUERE TO THE CLIENT, TO WIN HIS
CONFIDENCE AND COOPERATION.
 RESTRAINT THE SITE INCASE OF CHILDREN.
 DIVERT ATTENTION OF PATIENT BY CONVERSATION.

11. PRE PROCEDURE
STEPS
 SELECT THE APPROPIATE IV
CANNULA.
 SELECT DISTAL SITE OF VEIN TO BE
USED.
 IF LARGE AMOUNT OF BODY HAIR IS
PRESENT AT NEEDLE SITE, CLIP IT.
 IF POSSIBLE PLACE EXTREMITY IN
DEPENDENT POSITION.
RATIONALE
 NECESSARY TO PUCTURE VEIN TO
INSTILL IV FLUID.
 IF SCLEROSING OR DAMAGED TO
VEIN OCCURS PROXIMAL SITE OF
SAME VEIN IS STILL USABLE.
 TO REDUCE THE RISK OF
CONTAMINATION.
 TO PERMIT VENOUS DILATION AND
VISIBILITY.

12. INTRA PROCEDURE
 PLACE TOURNIQUET10-12 CM ABOVE
INSERTION SITE.
 DON THE GLOVES.
 SELECT WELL DILATED VEIN.
 CLEANSE INSERTIONSITE WITH FIRM,
CIRCULAR MOTION WITH
CHLORHEXIDINE.
 ALLOW THE SITE TO DRY FOR ATLEAST
30SEC.
 PERFORM VENIPUNCTURE. ANCHOR
VEIN BY PLACING THUMB OVER VEIN
AND BY STRETCHINGTHE SKIN
AGAINST THE DIRECTIONOF
INSERTION 2-3 INCHES DISTAL TO THE
SITE.
 TO DIMINISH ARTERIAL FLOW,
PREVENTS VENOUS FILLING.
 TO DECREASEEXPOSURE TO
INFECTION.
 FOR EASY INSERTION OF CANNULA.
 TO PREVENT INFECTION.
 TO SITE TO BE EFFECTIVE.
 TO PLACE NEEDLE PARALLEL TO
VEIN.

13. CONTINUED…
 ON THE DRESSING.
 REMOVE GLOVES,DISCARD SUPPLIES AND
PERFORM HAND HYGIENE. LOOK FOR
FLASHBACK CHAMBER INDICATING THAT
NEEDLE THAT ENTER THE VEIN.
 ADVANCE CATHETER INTO VEINS UNTIL
HUB RESTS AT VENIPUNCTURE SITE.
 STABILIZING CATHETER WITH ONE HAND
RELEASE TOURNICET AND REMOVE
STYLET.
 SECURE IV CANNULA WITH THE HELP OF
TEGADERM/DYNAPLAST/MICROPORE.
 WRITE DATE OF PLACEMENT OF CANNULA
 TO INCREASE VENOUS PRESSURE FROM
TOURNICET INCREASES BACKFLOW OF
BLOOD INTO CATHETER OR TUBING.
 PERMIT VENOUS FLOW , REDUCES
BACKFLOW AND ALLOWS CONNECTION
WITH ADMINISTRATION SET.
 TO PREVENT ACCIDENTAL REMOVAL OF
CANNULA FROM VEIN.
 TO PROVIDE IMMEDIATE ACCESS TO DATA AS
TO WHEN IV CANNULA WAS INSERTED.
 TO REDUCES TRANSMISSION OF MICRO-
ORGANISMS.

14. POST PROCEDURE
 CHECK THE PATENCY OF THE IV CANNULA INSERTION.
 CHECK THE VIP SCORE EVERY 4-6 HOURLY.
 ADVICE THE CLIENT TO INFORM THE NURSE IN CASE OF ANY
DISCOMFORT

17. NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS