The document discusses various environmental problems caused by urbanization and consumerism. It addresses how uncontrolled urban growth in India has led to issues like housing shortages, air and water pollution, and waste disposal problems. Consumerism is defined and the document notes that overconsumption of non-durable goods contributes significantly to pollution and waste. Different types of wastes like chemical, plastic, electronic and nuclear wastes are outlined and their harmful effects described. Solutions proposed include controlling population growth, reducing consumption rates, improving waste minimization practices like reuse and recycling, and making products more durable.

1. URBAN
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
Consumerism
and
Waste Products
EVS
Digital Assignment
Submitted On: 13 Sept 2015
Submitted By-
Vinit Shahdeo
URBANISATION
and it’s
IMPACT OVER
ENVIRONMENT
SOLUTION
APPROACH
CONSUMERISM
CAUSES OF
CONSUMERISM
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY
CONSUMERISM
SOLUTION
APPROACHES
WASTE
PRODUCTS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
WASTE PRODUCTS
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY
WASTE PRODUCTS
SOLUTION
APPROACHES
B.TECH-IT
VIT University

2. Urbanisation
Urbanization is a process that leads to the growth of cities due to
industrialization and economic development, and that leads to urban-
specific changes in specialization, labor division and human behaviors.
The population is growing at the rate of about 17 million annually which
means a staggering 45,000 births per day and 31 births per minutes. If
the current trend continues, by the year 2050, India would have 1620
million populations. Due to uncontrolled urbanization in India,
environmental degradation has been occurring very rapidly and causing
many problems like shortages of housing, worsening water quality,
excessive air pollution, noise, dust and heat, and the problems of disposal
of solid wastes and hazardous wastes.

4. IMPACT OF URBANIZATION
OVER ENVIRONMENT
Probably most of the major environmental problems of the next century
will result from the continuation and sharpening of existing problems that
currently do not receive enough political attention. The problems are not
necessarily noticed in many countries or then nothing is done even the
situation has been detected. The most emerging issues are climate
changes, freshwater scarcity, deforestation, and fresh water pollution and
population growth. These problems are very complex and their
interactions are hard to define. It is very important to examine problems
trough the social-economic-cultural system. Even the interconnections
between environmental problems are now better known, we still lack
exact information on how the issues are linked, on what degree they
interact and what are the most effective measures. One problem is to
integrate land- and water use planning to provide food and water security
(UNEP 1999).
Impact of Urbanization over environment

5. 1. Impact on atmosphere and climate
 Creation of heat island.
 Change in air quality.
 Change in patterns and precipitation.
2. Impact on lithosphere and land resources
 Erosion and other changes in land quality.
 Pollution
3. Impact on hydrosphere and water resources
 Flow of Water into Streams.
 Flow of Water through Streams.
 Degraded Water Quality.
4. Impact on biosphere
 Modification of Habitats.
 Destruction of Habitats.
 Creation of New Habitats.
Types of problems?
 Loss of public space. The majority of roads are publicly
owned and free of access.

6.  Increased traffic has adverse impacts on public activities
which once crowded the streets such as markets, agoras,
parades and processions, games, and community
interactions.
 These have gradually disappeared to be replaced by
automobiles.
 In many cases, these activities have shifted to shopping
malls while in other cases, they have been abandoned
altogether.
 Traffic flows influence the life and interactions of
residents and their usage of street space. More traffic
impedes social interactions and street activities.
 People tend to walk and cycle less when traffic is high.
Environmental impacts and energy consumption.
Pollution, including noise, generated by circulation has
become a serious impediment to the quality of life and
even the health of urban populations.
 Further, energy consumption by urban transportation has
dramatically increased and so the dependency on
petroleum.
 Accidents and safety. Growing traffic in urban areas is
linked with a growing number of accidents and fatalities,
especially in developing countries.
 Accidents account for a significant share of recurring
delays.
 As traffic increases, people feel less safe to use the
streets.
 Land consumption. The territorial imprint of
transportation is significant, particularly for the
automobile.

7.  Between 30 and 60% of a metropolitan area may be
devoted to transportation, an outcome of the over-
reliance on some forms of urban transportation.
 Yet, this land consumption also underlines the strategic
importance of transportation in the economic and social
welfare of cities.
 Freight distribution. Globalization and the materialization
of the economy have resulted in growing quantities of
freight moving within cities.
 As freight traffic commonly shares infrastructures with
the circulation of passengers, the mobility of freight in
urban areas has become increasingly problematic.
 City logistics strategies can be established to mitigate the
variety of challenges faced by urban freight distribution.
SOLUTION APPROACH

8.  Learn to love nature and environment.
 Applied learning is necessary from the teen age.
 Proper connectivity of environmental law and its application to
the civic society.
 Expand the periphery of environmental impact assessment to
different disciplines like vehicle market and buyers, urban
activities etc.
 Reduce personal traffic and make public transport popular.
 Make Go Green concept universal for all the activities.
 Improve the governance structure to make it more efficient.
 Make urban planning more inclusive. Use GIS, MIS and other
technology for more accuracy and efficiency. People moving
from the rural area to the urban area causes problems.
 There is concrete evidence that overwhelming numbers of
people are leaving rural areas in hope of finding better a job and
enhancing their life. According to the annual statistics report,
city population grows five percent each year as a result of
migration of rural dwellers to cities.
 The report of 2005 stated that although migration to cities may
benefit the rural people in terms of job opportunity and
improved life style, the problems of this migration cannot be
overlooked.
 These problems can be classified as those which affect cities in
short-term, such as air pollution, and those with their profound
effect on the whole society, such as loss of rural cultures. This
essay examines rural migration related issues and provides
solution for each kind.
 Nowadays, one of the most important issues in cities is air
pollution. Without a doubt, the more densely populated a city
is, the more air pollution would be brought about.
 Air pollution as a byproduct of human activities has left its
fingerprints on all aspect of the human life.

9.  According to health experts, the rates of lung cancer and heart
disease have increased rapidly in recent years. In a study
performed on two populations of urban and rural area, with
300,000 participants, it was concluded that city-dwellers are
two times more likely to suffer lung cancer.
 The study also provided hard evidence on the causative role of
air pollution for this cancer. This devastating issue of air
pollution, which is a direct result of urban overpopulation due to
rural shift to cities needs to be resolved.
 One solution could be providing rural areas with better facilities.
Constructing well-equipped hospitals and creating job
opportunities in these regions would encourage rural-dwellers to
live in these areas.
 A further problem that is hardly noticed is cultural negative
effects which this kind of migration brings about.
 Each country is represented by its cultures, mostly originate
from rural areas.
 Villager have their own customs and hold traditional ceremonies
and rituals specific to their region.
 However, with more migration of rural residents to cities, we
would be at the threshold of losing many old villages; therefore,
valuable parts of our national culture would be forgotten
gradually.
 It is recommended that governments set limits on migration laws
of rural people so that less people tend to leave villages.
Moreover, rural people can be encouraged to hold their
traditional ceremonies and rituals by inviting more tourists to
this areas.
 This would partly keep rural cultures alive for years.

10. CONSUMERISM
Consumerism is related to the constant purchasing of new goods,with
little attention to their true need,durability,product origin,or the
environmental consequences of their manufacture & disposal..

11. What causes
Consumerism?
 Means to an End
 Habitual Consumerism
 Emotional Regulation
 Emotional Instability

12.  Early years
 Pleasure And Pain
Two types of conditions of population
and consumerism exist:
People over-population:
Excessive population pressure causes degradation of the limited
resources, and there is absolute poverty, undernourishment and premature
deaths. This occurs in less developed countries (LDCs)
Consumption over-population:
This occurs in the more developed countries (MDCs). More the
consumption of resources more is the waste generation and greater is the
degradation of the environment.

13. What are the problems created by
consumerism..?
 Today’s many products produced are luxurious and are
non-degradable which takes years to be decomposed.
 A high rate of consumption leads to pollution and waste
product.

14. How to solve these problems…??
 Population: We need to control population growth.
 Consumption: Once we control population growth, the
consumption rate would fall down itself.
 Technology: We should stop at this stage some of the irrelevant
and unimportant products, in order to stabilize the environment.

15. 3’R METHOD

16. WASTE PRODUCTS
Any material that is unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted
In consumer society, people replace their goods with newer ones. They
purchase goods, use them and throw them away. In consumer society,
people replace their goods with newer ones. They purchase goods, use
them and throw them away. One of the main reasons behind the

17. consumerism in india is IMBALANCE in demand and supply of
commodities leading to hoarding,black marketing ,profiteering.
Low literacy levels and lack of awareness of rights encourages
businessmen to be indifferent to consumers.
Waste products create various harmful
products effecting environment
1. Chemical wastes
2. Plastic materials
3. Electronic wastes
4. Nuclear wastes

18. Chemical wastes created by excessive production damage soil’s fertility
, water resources.

19. Plastic and non-degradable products are disposed in surroundings in large
scale
Electronic waste is rapidly increasing as mobiles, old televisions ,……so
on are replaced by new gadgets .

20. Nuclear disposal on environment is very harmful and its high production
for consumerism is dangerous

21. How to control this consumerism
and redundant waste products ??

22. WASTE MINIMISATION
It is a process of elimination that reduces the amount of waste
produced in society and helps eliminate the generation of
harmful and persistent wastes, supporting the efforts to promote
a more sustainable society.
Waste minimisation involves
 redesigning products or changing societal patterns,
 concerning consumption and production, of waste
generation,
 to prevent the creation of waste.
 efforts to minimize resource and energy use during
manufacture.
 For the same commercial output, usually the less
materials are used, the less waste is produced.
 Waste minimisation usually requires knowledge of the
production process, cradle-to-grave analysis
Measures to control :
• Resource optimization
• Reuse of scrap material
• Waste exchanges
• Durability
1.Resource optimization
Minimizing the amount of waste produced by
organizations or individuals goes hand-in-hand with
optimizing their use of raw materials
For example, a dressmaker may arrange pattern pieces on
a length of fabric in a particular way to enable the garment
to be cut out from the smallest area of fabric.
2. Reuse of scrap material
 Scraps can be immediately re-incorporated at the
beginning of the manufacturing line so that they

23. do not become a waste product. Many industries
routinely do this.
 For example, paper mills return any damaged rolls
to the beginning of the production line, and in the
manufacture of plastic items, off-cuts and scrap
are re-incorporated into new products
3. Waste exchanges
 This is where the waste product of one
process becomes the raw material for a
second process.
 Waste exchanges represent another way of
reducing waste disposal volumes for waste that
cannot be eliminated.
 In this way waste exchange practices are high
on the waste hierarchy.
4. Durability
 Durability means your product needs long
term needs resisting damage and stays relevant
to users.
 Improving product durability can reduce
waste and usually much improves resource
optimisation
 But in some cases it has a negative
environmental impact. older vehicles consume
more fuel and produce more emissions than
their modern counterparts.

25. Presented By

26. Vinit Shahdeo
15BIT0335