Land reclamation involves creating new land from sea or riverbeds. Singapore has undertaken large-scale land reclamation since the 1960s due to its small size and rising population. Land is reclaimed using landfill methods, filling coastal and swamp areas with materials like sand. This has provided more space for housing, recreation, industry, and transportation infrastructure. While it addresses Singapore's land constraints, land reclamation can damage habitats if not properly regulated.

1. Land Reclamation

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3. What is land reclamation? It is either of two distinct practices: One involves creating new land from sea or riverbeds. The other refers to restoring an area to a more natural state (such as after pollution or salination have made it unusable).

4. In short… Land reclamation is the creation of new land where there was once water.

5. Reasons for Land Reclamation Large-scale land reclamation has been undertaken in different parts of Singapore since the 1960s. - The small size of the country (total area being about 581.5km square prior to 1960) - The rising demand for more land as the population increases

6. More Land Has Been Made Available For Building more homes in private and public housing estates recreational facilities for the growing population expanding commercial and industrial activities and transport needs, the latest of which include roads, expressways, the Mass Rapid Transit System, the port and airport facilities

7. Method of Land Reclamation The landfill mothod is used to reclaim land from the coast and the swamps in Singapore. It is also used in reclamation works involving the merging of islands. One such project is the amalgamation of Pulau Sakra and Pulau Bakau into one big island called Pulau Sakara, which is ten times the size of the two former islands. In the early years, the fill materials evacuated from the hills in Bedok, Siglap, Tampines and Jurong were used for filling the reclamation areas. In recent years, sea sand obtained from the seabed is the main source of fill materials for reclamation. The reclamation contractors import the sea sand from the neighbouring countries such as Indonesia.

8. Notable examples New Orleans Washington, DC. (which is partially built on land that was once swamp) Mexico City (which is situated at the former site of Lake Texaco) The Chicago shoreline Manhattan

9. Beach Restoration Beach rebuilding is the process of repairing beaches using materials such as sand or mud from inland. This can be used to build up beaches suffering from or erosion from long shore drift . It stops the movement of the original beach material through long shore drift and retains a natural look to the beach. Although it is not a long-lasting solution, it is cheap compared to other types of coastal defenses .

10. Environmental Impact Draining wetlands for ploughing, for example, is a form of habitat destruction . In some parts of the world, new reclamation projects are restricted or no longer allowed, due to environmental protection laws .

11. Repairing Damaged Land Land reclamation or Land rehabilitation is also the process of cleaning up a site that has sustained environmental degradation , such as strip mining . This can be done to allow for some form of human use (such as a housing development ) or to restore that area back to its natural state as a wildlife habitat home.

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