This document outlines the objectives and history of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and initial environmental examinations (IEEs). EIAs provide a systematic evaluation of the social, economic, and environmental impacts of proposed projects, as well as mitigation measures and alternatives. IEEs are preliminary reviews to determine if a full EIA is required for smaller projects with potentially fewer adverse impacts. The document explains that EIAs and IEEs are conducted to reduce environmental damage, ensure development follows standards and policies, and were established in response to increased environmental awareness and protection efforts in the 1960s and beyond.

1. Environmental Impact Assessment

2. Table of Contents
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
• Objectives of EIA
• Why EIA ?
• History of EIA
• Global Challenges

3. Environmental Impact Assessment
Systematic, documented, objective evaluation that
gives an insight in the social, economical and
environmental impacts of proposed project. Its
possible preventive and remedial measures as well
as alternatives.

4. Initial Environmental Examination
It is a preliminary environmental review of reasonably
foreseeable impacts of proposed activity to determine the
adverse impacts whether an EIA is required or not

5. Difference in IEE and EIA
IEE
• Preliminary Environmental
Review
• For Small Scale Project
• Low Cost Projects
• Project with no Significant
adverse Impacts
EIA
• Full Environmental
Assessment
• For Large Scale Projects
• High Cost Projects
• Projects with Significant
Adverse Impacts

7. Why EIA ?
• Global Commitment
• For Project Approval
• Mandatory for All Donors
• Reduces Environmental Damage
• Lower Project Cost in Long term
• Ensures that Development is according to
 National Quality Standards
 Governmental Polices
 International Obligations

8. History of EIA
Pre 1960s
 No Environmental Awareness
 Abundance Paradigm
 No Depletion of Natural Resources
 Economic Growth is more Important
 No regulatory Control

9. History of EIA
Post 1960s
 Environmental Awareness
 Environmental Protection Paradigm
 Natural Resources are Limited
 Focus was on Environment
 Approval of Environmental Regulations

10. Global Challenges
• Increasing Population
• Industrialization and Urbanization
• Intensive Agriculture
• Declining Resources
• Altered Biogeochemical Cycle
• Social Disintegration

11. THANK YOU 