This presentation is an introduction to Smart Materials including Piezoelectric materials, Shape memory materials, Magnetorheological, PH sensitive polymers, and Chromogenic systems.You can find the other sessions on my Linkedin or Slideshare pages as well.
classify and explain various types of smart materials.
Smart materials” are materials that change significantly one or more of their properties, such as shape, color, or size in response to externally applied stimuli, such as stress, light, temperature, moisture or pH, and electric or magnetic fields.
classify and explain various types of smart materials.
Smart materials” are materials that change significantly one or more of their properties, such as shape, color, or size in response to externally applied stimuli, such as stress, light, temperature, moisture or pH, and electric or magnetic fields.
ppt on details of smart materials that could be useful in civil engineering. smart materials are the newest technology that is the most researched topic in civil engineering fields
Hello guys! This slide gives a quick guidance about what 'smart materials' are and also about it's types, application and many more. I hope my presentation was helpful for you all.
(this presentation was made under the guidance of our subject in-charge Mr. Mahesh Maali of the subject E- learning and educational development )Thank you!
Smart materials are now a days being used in all spheres of human life and technology. It have the functions of actuator, sensor, self-healing and so forth, are expected to be used not only as advanced functional materials but also as key materials to provide structures with smart functions. These are also called intelligent materials that has ability to respond to stimuli and environmental changes and to activate their function according these changes.
Smart Materials ppt, Smart or intelligent materials are materials that have to respond to stimuli and environmental changes, Detailed Engineering Project Research on Smart Materials, smart and composite materials, smart materials in construction, smart materials in engineering, its about smart or say intelligent materials
Introduction to smart materials and their applications in engineering.
How to prepare MR (Magnetrorheological) fluids at home?
What are Shape Memory Alloys?
What are Piezoelectric materials?
#WikiCourses
https://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic04+Smart+Materials
Smart materials are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields.
Shape Memory Alloy is one type of Smart Material.It can Remember its Original Shape.It has 2 way memory,i.e:- it can Remember 2 Shape,one in Low temperature and other in high temperature.
A shape memory alloy(SMA) is an alloy that remembers its “original shape” and that when deformed returns to its original “pre-deformed” shape when heated
Smart materials are materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly altered in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields.
The change in the material can also be reversible, as a change in stimulus can bring the material back to its previous state.
ppt on details of smart materials that could be useful in civil engineering. smart materials are the newest technology that is the most researched topic in civil engineering fields
Hello guys! This slide gives a quick guidance about what 'smart materials' are and also about it's types, application and many more. I hope my presentation was helpful for you all.
(this presentation was made under the guidance of our subject in-charge Mr. Mahesh Maali of the subject E- learning and educational development )Thank you!
Smart materials are now a days being used in all spheres of human life and technology. It have the functions of actuator, sensor, self-healing and so forth, are expected to be used not only as advanced functional materials but also as key materials to provide structures with smart functions. These are also called intelligent materials that has ability to respond to stimuli and environmental changes and to activate their function according these changes.
Smart Materials ppt, Smart or intelligent materials are materials that have to respond to stimuli and environmental changes, Detailed Engineering Project Research on Smart Materials, smart and composite materials, smart materials in construction, smart materials in engineering, its about smart or say intelligent materials
Introduction to smart materials and their applications in engineering.
How to prepare MR (Magnetrorheological) fluids at home?
What are Shape Memory Alloys?
What are Piezoelectric materials?
#WikiCourses
https://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic04+Smart+Materials
Smart materials are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields.
Shape Memory Alloy is one type of Smart Material.It can Remember its Original Shape.It has 2 way memory,i.e:- it can Remember 2 Shape,one in Low temperature and other in high temperature.
A shape memory alloy(SMA) is an alloy that remembers its “original shape” and that when deformed returns to its original “pre-deformed” shape when heated
Smart materials are materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly altered in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields.
The change in the material can also be reversible, as a change in stimulus can bring the material back to its previous state.
Introduction, Classification and Production methods are being discussed.Also contain Properties and Applications of Smart Materials.The conclusion of the whole discussion is also being included in Respective slides Of Smart Materials.The respective presentation was presented in international islamic university islamabad.
Nano electrical and electronic devices: advantages - Data storage
and memory - Micro and nanoelectromechanical systems - Lasers,
lighting and displays – Batteries - Fuel cells - Photovoltaic cells -
Electric double layer capacitors - Nanoparticle coatings for
electrical products
Synthesis of (Poly-methyl Methacrylate-lead Oxide) Nanocomposites and Studyin...journalBEEI
Piezoelectric materials have been prepared from (poly-methyl methacrylate-lead oxide) nanocomposites for electronic applications. The lead oxide nanoparticles were added to poly-methyl methacrylate by different concentrations are (4, 8, and 12) wt%. The structural and dielectric properties of nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of nanocomposites decrease with increase in frequency of applied electric field. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with increase in frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and A.C electrical conductivity of poly-methyl methacrylate increase with increase in lead oxide nanoparticles concentrations. The results of pressure sensor showed that the electrical resistance of (PMMA-PbO2) nanocomposites decreases with increase in pressure.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. 2Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mehrpouya/
https://www.slideshare.net/MehrshadMehrpouya
The Course Outlines:
Introduction of Smart Materials.
Shape memory materials and their applications.
Piezoelectric Materials and their applications.
Chromogenic systems including
Thermochromic, Photochromic, and
Electrochromic materials.
Smart polymers including SMP, PH sensitive,
etc.
Application of finite element modeling for the
design of smart products.
3. 3Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Course Overview
•In this course we will study the fundamental conceptsIn this course we will study the fundamental concepts
behindbehind different typesdifferent types of smart materials.of smart materials.
•We will emphasize our discussion aroundWe will emphasize our discussion around currentcurrent
applicationapplication of smart materials in the different fields.of smart materials in the different fields.
•We will also discuss the possibleWe will also discuss the possible design of variousdesign of various
engineering applicationsengineering applications by this materials.by this materials.
5. 5Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
What is “active material”?
Donald J. Leo definition in Smart Material Systems book;
A material that exhibits useful coupling between multiple physical
domains. A domain (mechanical) is any physical quantity defined with 2
state variables (stress and strain).
Active
Material
Mechanical
Energy
Electrical
Energy
Example of Electromechanical Coupling
6. 6Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
What are smart materials?
• Smart materials are materials that have
one or more properties.
• They can be significantly altered in a
controlled fashion by external stimuli, such
as stress, temperature, moisture, pH,
electric or magnetic fields.
7. 7Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
What are the examples?
Piezoelectric materials
Shape memory alloys
Magnetorheological
PH sensitive polymers
Chromogenic systems
Thermochromic materials
Photochromic materials
Electrochromic
8. 8Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
What are Piezoelectric materials?
The word originates from the greek word
“piezein”, which means “to press”.
Discovered in 1880 by Pierre Curie in
quartz crystals
The molecular structure of piezoelectric
materials produces a coupling between
the mechanical stress and the
electric field.
Piezoelectrics are materials that can
create electricity when subjected to a
mechanical stress.
They will also work in reverse,
generating a strain by the application of
an electric field.
9. 9Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
The Application of Piezoelectric Materials
A lighter is a good example of how piezoelectric
materials are used in a usual application.
10. 10Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
The Application of Piezoelectric Materials
• Charging pads under the cross
walk collect energy from the
vibrations.
• Energy generated by that
piezoelectric panels can charge
to lithium icon batteries.
11. 11Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
How does a shoe fitted with
a piezocell work?
The Application of Piezoelectric Materials
12. 12Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
The Application of Piezoelectric Materials
As long as there is physical activity, piezoelectricity
could generate power.
13. 13Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Shape Memory Materials
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) and shape memory polymers (SMPs)
are thermo-responsive materials where deformation can be induced
and recovered through temperature changes.
14. 14Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Timeline of Memory Metals
1932 - A. Ölander discovers the pseudoelastic properties of Au-Cd alloy.
1949 - Memory effect of Au-Cd reported by Kurdjumov & Kandros.
1967 – At Naval Ordance Laboratory, Beuhler discovers shape memory effect in Nickel-Titanium
alloy, Nitinol, which proved to be a major breakthrough in the field of shape memory alloys.
1970-1980 – First reports of nickel-titanium implants being used in medical applications.
Mid-1990s – Memory metals start to become widespread in medicine and soon move to other
applications.
Number of publication per year
15. 15Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Shape Memory Alloys
• SMAs can be actuated by stress,
temperature or presence of a magnetic
field.
• They become deformed once heated above
the transformation temperature, but
regain their shape as they cool.
• One of the most common alloys is a
combination of nickel-titanium or
Nitinol.
16. 16Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Shape memory wires
This shortening can be used to
control a robotic hand.
When a small electrical current
passes through the wire it
becomes smart.
The functionality of SMAs is really
depends on its composite, he
percentage of Nickel and
Titanium elements.
18. 18Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Transformation Temperature (TT)
Mf Ms As Af
AusteniteMartensite
TEMPERATURE
Mf
Ms As Af
AusteniteMartensite
TEMPERATURE
(twinned)
(twinned)
Mf=Martensitic Finish
Ms=Martensitic Start
As=Austenitic Start
Af=Austenitic Finish
20. 20Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Superelastic behavior (SE)
SMAs deformed above a critical
temperature show a large reversible
elastic deformation (recoverable
strains up to 10%. much exceeding
the elasticity) as a result of stress-
induced martensitic transformation.
SMA Actuators
Frames for eyeglasses
Cardiovascular Stents
Antennas for cellular phones
22. 22Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Shape Memory Effect (SME)
Shape memory effect defines as the recovery
of the apparently permanent deformation
during martensitic transformation in a
stress-free situation.
Orthodontic archwires
Engines
Actuators for smart systems
Couplings
23. 23Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Existing and potential SMA applications
in the medical/biomedical domain
24. 24Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Existing and potential SMA applications
in the automotive domain
25. 25Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Existing and potential SMA applications
in the aerospace domain
26. 26Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Companies that sell Nitinol material or
products based on Nitinol are:
Materials
Dynalloy, Inc. http://www.dynalloy.com/
Memry http://www.memry.com/
Raychem http://www.raychem.com/
Fort Wayne Metals http://fwmetals.com
Applications
AMF http://www.nitifrance.com/
Intrinsic Devices http://www.intrinsicdevices.com/
Shape Memory App http://www.sma-inc.com/
Actuator Solutions http:// www.actuatorsolutions.de
27. 27Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Magnetorheological
Magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid) is a type of smart material that has the ability to
change state when placed in a magnetic field.
These fluids are composed of iron-like particles.
In their normal state they are fluid.
When placed in a magnetic field the particles are attracted to each other and join up
to form a solid.
29. 29Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
PH sensitive polymers
• pH sensitive or pH responsive polymers are materials which will
respond to the changes in the pH of the surrounding medium by varying
their dimensions.
• This behavior is exhibited due to the presence of certain functional
groups in the polymer chain.
• Such materials increase its size (swell) or collapse depending on the
pH of their environment.
30. 30Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
PH sensitive polymers
The sensor is prepared by entrapping within a polymer matrix a pH
sensitive dye that responds, through visible colour changes (see the
Figure) to spoilage volatile compounds that contribute to a quantity
known as Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N).
31. 31Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Chromogenic systems
• Chromogenic systems change colour in response to electrical, optical
or thermal changes.
• Thermochromic materials change in colour depending on their
temperature.
• Photochromic materials, which change colour in response to light - for
example, light sensitive sunglasses that darken when exposed to bright
sunlight.
• These include electrochromic materials, which change their colour or
opacity on the application of a voltage (e.g. liquid crystal displays).
32. 32Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Thermochromic Materials
They have a reaction to the
temperature.
Tiny capsules in thermochromic
ink contain liquid crystals.
As the temperature changes
these crystals move.
The reorientation of the crystals
causes a change in colour at a
specific temperature.
33. 33Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Thermochromic materials
• Colour-changing
thermochromic pigments are now
routinely made as inks for paper
and fabrics – and incorporated
into injection moulded plastics.
• A new type of phosphorescent
pigment, capable of emitting light
for up to 10 hours, has opened
up entirely new design
opportunities for instrumentation,
low-level lighting systems etc.
34. 34Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Photochromic materials
This causes them to undergo a reversible change of colour when exposed to a
certain amount of light.
Photochromic lenses become
dark when they are exposed to
UV radiation.
Once the UV radiation is
removed, the lenses gradually
return to their normal state.
They can be made of either
glass or plastic.
35. 35Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Electrochromic
•Electrochromism is the
phenomenon displayed by some
materials of reversibly changing
colour by using bursts of charge to
cause electrochemical redox
reactions in electrochromic
materials.
•Various types of materials and
structures can be used to
construct electrochromic
devices, depending on the specific
applications.
36. 36Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Electrochromic
• Flip a switch and an
electrochromic window can
change from clear to fully
darkened or any level of tint in-
between.
• The windows operate on a very
low voltage (one to three volts)
and only use energy to change
their condition, not to maintain
any particular state.
Boeing 787
37. 37Graduate School / presentatie secretaresse overleg TBM
Thank you forThank you for
your attentionyour attention
Boeing 787
