This document discusses smart materials, which are materials that can change one or more properties in response to external stimuli like temperature, pressure, electric or magnetic fields. Smart materials can sense and actuate responses, and are classified into piezoelectric, shape memory alloys, magnetostrictive, rheological, thermoresponsive and other types. They have applications in aircraft, orthopedics, robotics and more. Smart materials provide benefits like biocompatibility and simplicity but also have drawbacks such as higher costs and complex control. The document outlines properties, classifications, applications, merits and demerits of smart materials.

1. SMART MATERIALS

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• PROPERTIES OF SMART MATERIALS
• CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERTIALS
• APPLICATIONS
• MERITS AND DEMERITS
• CONCLUSION

3. SMART MATERIALS
•Materials that can change one or more of its
properties in response to an external stimulus
•The stimuli like temperature, pressure, electric
flow, magnetic flow, light, mechanical etc. can
originate internally and externally

4. PROPERTIES OF SMART
MATERIALS
•Sensing materials and devices
•Actuation materials and devices
•Control devices and techniques

6. CLASSIFICATIONS OF SMART
MATERIALS
 PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
 SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
 MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
 RHELOGICAL MATERIALS

7. THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIALS
 BIOMIMETRIC MATERIALS
 SMART GELS

8. PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
When subjected to an electric charge or a variation in
voltage piezoelectric material will undergo some
mechanical change, and vice versa. These events are
called the direct and converse effects.

9. ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
This material has the some properties as piezoelectric
material, but the mechanical change is proportional to
the square of the electric field. This characteristic will
always produce displacements in the some direction.

10. MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
when subjected to a magnetic field, and vice versa
(direct and converse effects), this material will undergo
an induced mechanical strain.

11. RHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS
These are in liquid phase which can change state
instantly through the application of an electric or
magnetic charge. These fluids may find application in
brakes, shock absorbers and dampers for vehicle seats.
ELECTRIC/
MAGNETIC
FIELD APPLIED
ER/MR FLUID
CHANGES
LIQUID TO
SOLID

12. THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIALS
Thermoresponsive is the ability of a material to change
properties in response to changes in temperature. They
are useful in thermostats and in parts of automotive and
air vehicles.

13. ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
Electrochromic is the ability of a material to change its
optical properties(e.g. color) when a voltage is applied
across it. They are used in LCDs and cathodes in lithium
batteries.

14. FULLERENCES
•Spherically caged molecules polyhedral structure
consisting of pentagons and hexagon
•Used in electronic and microelectronic devices, super-
conductors, optical devices, etc.

15. BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS
The materials and structures involved in natural systems
have the capability to sense their environment, process
the data and respond instantly.

16. SMART GELS
These are gels that can shrink or swell by several orders
of magnitude. Some of these can also be programmed to
absorb or release fluids in response to a chemical or
physical stimulus. These gels are used in areas such as
food, drug delivery, organ replacement and chemical
processing.

17. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
SME occurs due to the change in
crystalline structure of materials.
Two phases are:
Martensite Low temperature phase
Relatively weak
Austenite High temperature phase
Relatively strong

18. MARTENSITE
DEFORMING MARTENSITE
DEFORMED MARTENSITE
AUSTENSITE
MARTENSITE

19. APPLICATIONS
 Aircrafts
 Orthopaedic surgery
 Dental braces
 Robotics
 Smart fabrics
 Sporting goods
 Smart glass

20. MERITS
 Bio-compatibility
 Simplicity
 Compactness
 Safety mechanism
 Good mechanical
properties
DEMERITS
 More expensive
 Low energy
efficiency
 Complex control
 Limited bandwidth

21. SMART
MATERIALS
APPLICATIONS MERITS
DEMERITS
CLASSIFICATIONS
 Bio-compatibility
 Simplicity
 Compactness
 Safety
mechanism
 Good
mechanical
properties
 More expensive
 Low energy
efficiency
 Complex control
 Limited
bandwidth
 Aircrafts
 Orthopaedic
surgery
 Dental braces
 Robotics
 Smart fabrics
 Sporting goods
 Smart glass
 Piezoelectric
 SMA
 Magnetostrictive
 Electrostrictive
 Rheological
 Thermoresponsive
 Biomimetric
 Smart gels
PROPERTIES
 Sensor
 Actuator
 Control
SUMMARY

22. ASSIGNMENTS
 Smart materials for controlled Drug Release
 Review of self healing materials
 Book reference:
Fundamental of Smart Materials
Editor: Mohsen Shahinpoor
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

23. BY-SA