SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Smart Materials and their 
Applications in Engineering 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Dr. Mohammad Tawfik 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
• Controlled change in properties 
– Change in mechanical properties (MR fluids, SMA) 
– Change in geometry (Piezoelectric, SMA) 
• Energy Converters! 
– Mechanical Electrical (Piezoelectric) 
– Heat  Mechanical (SMA) 
– Mechanical  Heat (Viscoelastic) 
– Etc… 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Smart Material: What? 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
• Vibration Damping 
• Shape Control 
• Noise Reduction 
• Vibration/Damage Sensing 
• Heat Sensing 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Smart Materials: Why? 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Smart Structures: Classification 
#WikiCourses 
Wada, Fanson, and Crawly 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Magnetorheological Fluids 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com 
MR Fluids 
How do they work? 
• Externally applied magnetic field 
in a direction normal to the fluid 
flow direction form dipoles in the 
iron particles 
• Magnetic poles start attracting 
each others to the direction of the 
field, hence forming chains 
• The chains then form a skeleton 
within the fluid, which gains the 
fluid controllable yield stress
 General purpose oil 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Why MR technology? 
#WikiCourses 
Mix them and you are 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com 
done! 
Required Materials to 
synthesize an MR fluid: 
• Lithium grease 
 Micron-sized iron particles
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
MR Fluids 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Rabinow and Winslow 1950’s 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
MR Damper Fabrication 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com 
Prototype Damper
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Seat Shock Absorbers 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Seat Shock Absorbers 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Shape Memory Alloy 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
• Change mechanical properties with the 
change of temperature 
• Regain original shape when heated! 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Shape Memory Alloy 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Shape Memory Alloys 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Shape Memory Alloys 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Application 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
SMA Embedding 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Other Applications 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com 
• Dental Fillings 
• Artificial Joints 
• Heat Valves 
• Eye-glasses!
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Shape Memory Alloys 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Shape Memory Alloys 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Piezoelectric Materials 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
• Electric Field  Mechanical Strain : Actuator 
• Mechanical Stresses  Electrical Potential 
Field : Sensor 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Piezoelectric Material 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Basic Properties 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Piezo-Fiber Composites 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Active/Macro Fiber Composites 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Energy Harvesters 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
MEMS Power Generation 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
Backpack Power Generator 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com 
IPMC
• New Material 
• Shape is controlled by electric field 
• Designed on the molecule level (NANO 
technology) 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
IPMC 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Slow and Fast! 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
Thank you for your attention! 
Mohammad.tawfik@gmail.com 
Smart Structures 
Mohammad Tawfik 
#WikiCourses 
Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com

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Introduction to Smart Materials

  • 1. Smart Materials and their Applications in Engineering Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses Dr. Mohammad Tawfik Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 2. • Controlled change in properties – Change in mechanical properties (MR fluids, SMA) – Change in geometry (Piezoelectric, SMA) • Energy Converters! – Mechanical Electrical (Piezoelectric) – Heat  Mechanical (SMA) – Mechanical  Heat (Viscoelastic) – Etc… Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Smart Material: What? #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 3. • Vibration Damping • Shape Control • Noise Reduction • Vibration/Damage Sensing • Heat Sensing Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Smart Materials: Why? #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 4. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Smart Structures: Classification #WikiCourses Wada, Fanson, and Crawly Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 5. Magnetorheological Fluids Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 6. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com MR Fluids How do they work? • Externally applied magnetic field in a direction normal to the fluid flow direction form dipoles in the iron particles • Magnetic poles start attracting each others to the direction of the field, hence forming chains • The chains then form a skeleton within the fluid, which gains the fluid controllable yield stress
  • 7.  General purpose oil Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Why MR technology? #WikiCourses Mix them and you are Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com done! Required Materials to synthesize an MR fluid: • Lithium grease  Micron-sized iron particles
  • 8. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses MR Fluids Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 9. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Rabinow and Winslow 1950’s #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 10. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses MR Damper Fabrication Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Prototype Damper
  • 11. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Seat Shock Absorbers #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 12. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Seat Shock Absorbers #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 13. Shape Memory Alloy Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 14. • Change mechanical properties with the change of temperature • Regain original shape when heated! Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Shape Memory Alloy #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 15. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Shape Memory Alloys #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 16. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik Shape Memory Alloys #WikiCourses Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
  • 17. Smart Structures Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses Application Http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
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