The document describes 8 types of artificial structures: massive or lintelled, vaulted, lattice, triangulated, suspended or cable-stayed, pneumatic, rolled and plate, and geodesic. Massive or lintelled structures use a large amount of material and respond well to compression. Vaulted structures use arches and vaults to cover larger spaces. Lattice structures use foundations, floors, beams supported by pillars to transfer weight. Triangulated structures use trusses formed with bars in triangles. Suspended or cable-stayed structures use cables or tie rods, as in bridges. Pneumatic structures contain compressed air and are light. Rolled and plate structures are formed from curved metal/composite sheets

1. TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL
STRUCTURES

MASSIVE OR LINTELLED

VAULTED

LATTICE

TRIANGULATED

SUSPENDED OR CABLE-STAYED

PNEUMATIC

ROLLED AND PLATE

GEODESIC

2. MASSIVE OR LINTELLED
(MASIVA)
BUILT WITH A LARGE
AMOUNT OF MATERIAL.
RESPONDS WELL TO
COMPRESSION AND HAS
VERY FEW SPACES.
EXAMPLE: PYRAMIDS IN EGYPT

3. VAULTED
(ABOVEDADA)
BASED ON ARCHES AND
VAULTS, THAT ENABLED
BUILDERS TO COVER LARGER
SPACES AND INCREASE THE
SIZE OF THE OPENINGS IN
THE BUILT STRUCTURE.
EXAMPLES: BASILICAS,
CATHEDRALS.

4. LATTICE
(ENTRAMADA)
Used in modern blocks of flats.
Its structural elements are:
- FOUNDATION: it's usually under
the floor. All the weight of the
structure rests on the foundation.
- THE FLOOR.
- BEAMS: horizontal elements.
- PILLARS: vertical elements. The
beams are supported by and
transfer the weight to pillars.

5. TRIANGULATED
(TRIANGULADA)
USES BEAMS OR
TRUSSES FORMED WITH
BARS, ALWAYS MAKING
TRIANGLES.

6. SUSPENDED OR CABLE-STAYED
(COLGANTE)
BASED ON THE USE OF CABLES OR TIE
RODS. THEY ARE USED IN BRIDGES AND TO
COVER STADIUMS AND PAVILIONS.

7. PNEUMATIC
(NEUMÁTICA)
CONTAINS
COMPRESSED AIR
INSIDE. IT'S LIGHT
AND CAN BE
DISMANTLED.
EXAMPLE: FUNFAIR ATTRACTIONS FOR
CHILDREN.

8. ROLLED AND PLATE
(LAMINAR)
FORMED BY CURVED OR
BENT SHEETS OF METAL,
PLASTIC OR COMPOSITE
MATERIALS. THEY ARE
USED AS SHELLS FOR
ALL TYPES OF OBJECTS.

9. GEODESIC
(GEODÉSICA)
CONTAINS THREEDIMENSIONAL
TRIANGULATED BARS
AND COMBINES THE
PROPERTIES OF
VAULTS AND BAR
STRUCTURES.

10. GEODESIC
(GEODÉSICA)
CONTAINS THREEDIMENSIONAL
TRIANGULATED BARS
AND COMBINES THE
PROPERTIES OF
VAULTS AND BAR
STRUCTURES.