There are six main types of structures: frame, shell, arch, mix-and-match, mass, and suspension. Frame structures are composed of long elements joined at the ends. Shell structures have a thin outer layer surrounding an empty or filled volume. Arches can be semicircular and were commonly made of stone in Roman times. Mix-and-match structures combine different structural elements. Mass structures are thick and made of clumped materials. Suspension structures hold beams from tall columns using cables.