The presentation discusses null and alternative hypotheses. The null hypothesis expresses no difference or inequality between variables, while the alternative hypothesis expresses a difference or conflict. The null hypothesis is what researchers expect will definitely happen, while the alternative hypothesis is what researchers want to test. Examples are provided of null hypotheses stating children who eat oily fish do not show higher IQ increases than others, and that extroverts and introverts are equally healthy. The alternative hypotheses are that children eating oily fish will show higher IQ increases, and that introverts are not healthier than extroverts.

1. Presentation on:
Null and Alternative hypothesis
Presentation to:
Dr. Imran Qadir
Presentation by:
Zahra Naz --------- BSBT-04

2. Hypothesis
“Statement created by researchers when they
surmise outcome of a research/experiment”
Precursor of hypothesis is a “problem”
Types:
1. Null hypothesis
2. Alternative hypothesis

3. 1. Null hypothesis: (Ho)
 It expresses the idea of no difference in the observation
 Shows equality level between variables in observation
 In this, we are sure that our expectation will definitely
happen
2. Alternative hypothesis: (H1)
 It expresses the idea of conflict or difference in the
observation
 There is inequality between the variables in observation
 In this, we expect things to happen
 It is the hypothesis that a researcher wants to test.

4. Example 1:
Observation is:
“Children have a higher IQ-level if they eat oily fish for a
period of time.”
Then,
Null hypothesis would be:
“Children who eat oily fish for six months do not show a
higher IQ increase than children who do not.”
Alternative hypothesis would be:
“Children who eat oily fish for six months will show a higher
IQ increase than children who have not.”

5. Example 2:
Observation:
“Extroverts are healthier than introverts”
So,
 Null hypothesis will be:
“Extrovert and introverts are equally healthy”
 Alternative hypothesis will be:
“Introverts are not healthier than extroverts”