Hypothesis -Concept Sources Types Hypothesis It is a tentative prediction about the nature of the relationship between two or more variables. It is a tentative explanation of the research problem Hypotheses are always in declarative sentence form An hypothesis is a statement or explanation that is suggested by knowledge or observation but has not, yet, been proved or disproved Sources of hypothesis Experience of researcher Review of literature Findings of the pilot study Interaction with knowledgeable persons of the concerned field Knowledge of culture and society Creative thinking and imagination of researcher Types of Hypotheses Directional Hypotheses / One tailed Hypothesis Non-Directional Hypotheses / Two tailed Hypothesis Null Hypotheses Directional Hypotheses / One Tailed Hypothesis A directional hypothesis is a prediction made by a researcher regarding a positive or negative change, relationship, or difference between two variables /two groups or conditions directional hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. It is often symbolized as H1 Non-Directional Hypotheses / Two Tailed Hypothesis A non-directional simply states that there will be a difference between the two groups/conditions but does not say which will be greater/smaller, quicker/slower etc. non-directional hypothesis predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable, but the direction of the effect is not specified. Null Hypotheses A null hypothesis is a hypothesis that says there is no statistical significance between the two variables. null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the two variables being studied (one variable does not affect the other). It is the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to disprove. the null hypothesis is a statement of -‘no effect’ or ‘no difference’  It is often symbolized as H0. Examples “ In a clinical trial of a new drug with the current drug ” We would write Null Hypotheses (H0): H0 : there is no difference between the two drugs. We would write Directional Hypotheses (H1): H1 : the new drug is better than the current drug. We would write Non-Directional Hypothesis: the two drugs have different effects, on average.

1. Hypothesis
Concept | Sources
Types

3. Sahin Sahari
Asst. Professor (Belda College)
Ex-Asst. Professor of ABS Academy (Post Graduate Dept. of Education.)
Ex-Guest Teacher of WBNSOU(Muragacha Govt. College)
Ex-Guest Teacher of Jonepur High School
B.A (Education). M.A(Education). B.Ed. NET(Education). SET(Education)
Ph. D in Education(Contd..)

4. Hypothesis
• It is a tentative prediction about the nature of the
relationship between two or more variables.
• It is a tentative explanation of the research
problem
• Hypotheses are always in declarative sentence
form
• An hypothesis is a statement or explanation that is
suggested by knowledge or observation but has not,
yet, been proved or disproved

5. Concept of Hypotheses
• Hypotheses is a
– tentative prediction
– tentative explanation
– declarative sentence
– that can be tested – verifiable or falsifiable
– between Two or More Variables/conditions of a
research problem or a study

6. Sources of hypothesis
• Experience of researcher
• Review of literature
• Findings of the pilot study
• Interaction with knowledgeable persons of the
concerned field
• Knowledge of culture and society
• Creative thinking and imagination of
researcher

7. Types of Hypotheses
• Directional Hypotheses / One tailed Hypothesis
• Non-Directional Hypotheses / Two tailed
Hypothesis
• Null Hypotheses

8. Directional Hypotheses / One Tailed
Hypothesis
• A directional hypothesis is a prediction made by a researcher
regarding a positive or negative change, relationship, or
difference between two variables /two groups or conditions
• directional hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the
independent variable on the dependent variable.
• It is often symbolized as H1

9. Non-Directional Hypotheses /
Two Tailed Hypothesis
• A non-directional simply states that there will be
a difference between the two groups/conditions
but does not say which will be greater/smaller,
quicker/slower etc.
• non-directional hypothesis predicts that the
independent variable will have an effect on the
dependent variable, but the direction of the
effect is not specified.

10. Null Hypotheses
• A null hypothesis is a hypothesis that says there is no
statistical significance between the two variables.
• null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between
the two variables being studied (one variable does not
affect the other).
• It is the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to disprove.
• the null hypothesis is a statement of
– ‘no effect’ or ‘no difference’
• It is often symbolized as H0.

11. Examples
“ In a clinical trial of a new drug with the current drug
”
• We would write Null Hypotheses (H0):
– H0 : there is no difference between the two drugs.
• We would write Directional Hypotheses (H1):
– H1 : the new drug is better than the current drug.
• We would write Non-Directional Hypothesis:
– the two drugs have different effects, on average.

12. Real Example of Hypothesis

13. Sahin Sahari
Asst. Professor (Belda College)
Ex-Asst. Professor of ABS Academy (Post Graduate Dept. of Education.)
Ex-Guest Teacher of WBNSOU(Muragacha Govt. College)
Ex-Guest Teacher of Jonepur High School
B.A (Education). M.A(Education). B.Ed. NET(Education). SET(Education)
Ph. D in Education(Contd..)