This document discusses transparent electronics and transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). It introduces TCOs like indium oxide and zinc oxide, which enable invisible electronics by combining optical transparency with electrical conductivity. It explains how doping and oxygen reduction can generate carriers in TCOs to produce this unique combination of properties. Potential applications mentioned include mobile phones, laptops, solar panels, and transparent displays. The document concludes that transparent electronics will have a great impact on human-machine interaction and lead to new applications, while also potentially posing environmental challenges.

1. Transparent ElectronicsTransparent ElectronicsTransparent ElectronicsTransparent Electronics

2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
•INVISIBLE ELECTRONICS
•TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE (TCO)
(In2O3, SnO2, CdO, ZnO )
•DRAMATICAL CHANGE IN THE LOOK AND USE
OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES

3. COMBINING OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY WITHCOMBINING OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY WITH
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITYELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
•DEGENERATE DOPINGDEGENERATE DOPING
• BURSTEIN - MOSS(BM) SHIFTBURSTEIN - MOSS(BM) SHIFT

4. BURSTEIN-MOSS(BM) SHIFTBURSTEIN-MOSS(BM) SHIFT

5. SCHEMATIC BAND STRUCTURE OF TCO HOSTSCHEMATIC BAND STRUCTURE OF TCO HOST

6. FACTORS CAUSING ADVERSE EFFECTFACTORS CAUSING ADVERSE EFFECT
• INTER-BAND AND INTRA- BAND TRANSITIONS
• PLASMA OSCILLATIONS
• IONIZED IMPURITY SCATTERING

7. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF TCOELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF TCO
•SIMILAR CHEMICAL, STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES
•POST TRANSITION METALS
• INTERACTION BETWEEN THE S ORBIT OF METALS AND P ORBIT OF OXYGEN

8. BASIC PROPERTIES OF TCO HOSTBASIC PROPERTIES OF TCO HOST

9. OCTAHEDRAL COORDINATION OF OXYGENOCTAHEDRAL COORDINATION OF OXYGEN
ATOMS BY CATIONSATOMS BY CATIONS

10. CARRIER GENERATION IN TCOCARRIER GENERATION IN TCO
TWO METHODSTWO METHODS
• SUBSTITUTIONAL DOPINGSUBSTITUTIONAL DOPING
• OXYGEN REDUCTIONOXYGEN REDUCTION

11. SUBSTITUTIONAL DOPINGSUBSTITUTIONAL DOPING
• DOPING WITH ALIOVALENT IONS
• DOPING WITH GROUP III, IV AND VII ELEMENTS
• ELECTRON VELOCITY AND DENSITY AT FERMI LEVEL RESULT IN THE TREND
In>Y>Sc>Ga

12. OXYGEN REDUCTIONOXYGEN REDUCTION
• REMOVAL OF OXYGEN ATOM FROM A METAL OXIDE
• RELATIVELY UNIFORM CHARGE DENSITIES
• FORMATION OF F-CENTER IN LIGHT METAL OXIDES

13. TRANSPARENT ELECTRONIC DEVICESTRANSPARENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES
• SELECTION, DESIGN, SIMULATION, FABRICATION, INTEGRATION,
CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION
• PASSIVE, LINEAR DEVICES
• TWO TERMINAL ELECTRONIC DEVICES
• TRANSPARNT THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS (TTFTs)

14. PASSIVE, LINEAR DEVICESPASSIVE, LINEAR DEVICES
TRANSPARENT THIN FILMRESISTORSTRANSPARENT THIN FILMRESISTORS

15. TRANSPARENT THIN FILM CAPACITORSTRANSPARENT THIN FILM CAPACITORS
TTFI (INDUCTOR)

16. TRANSPARENT THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS (TTFTs)TRANSPARENT THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS (TTFTs)

17. APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
MOBILE PHONES
LAPTOPS
TRANSPARENT
CONDUCTORS
SOLAR PANELS
TRANSPARENT
WASHER

18. FUTURE SCOPEFUTURE SCOPE
• SOLAR WINDOWS
• IMPROVING STABILITY OF TRANSPARENT SOLAR CELLS
• TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

19. CONCLUSION AND REMARKSCONCLUSION AND REMARKS
• GREAT IMPACT ON HUMAN MACHINE INTERACTION
• LEAD TO NEW APPLICATIONS
• CAUSE ENVIORNMENTAL CHALLENGES AS CURRENTLY USING EC DEVICE

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