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Transparent electronics
The document discusses the potential and technological advancements of transparent electronics enabled by nanotechnology, highlighting applications in various sectors including domestic appliances, entertainment, architecture, and healthcare. It emphasizes the advantages of materials like graphene and aligned carbon nanotubes in creating efficient transparent electronic components such as displays, batteries, and solar cells. Furthermore, the document identifies entrepreneurial opportunities and key players in the transparent electronics market.
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Transparent electronics
- 1. Transparent electronics Basedon Nanotechnology Presented by: Du Pei –A0134166 Ma Yue –A0133465 Miao Dongchen–A0133499 Zhang Haoxin–A0133720 Zhang Siyu–A0133782
- 2. What would transparentelectronics do? Replace everything with transparent ones! Current technology LED Circuit Transparent monitor Transparent iPhone Transparent eye contact lens Heads up display Transparent Domestic appliance Transparent Solar panels Smart window
- 3. What would transparentelectronics do? Why transparent? Transparent monitor You won’t see it until you Use it! Interact games 3D Effect Bi-directional Display and interact
- 4. What would transparentelectronics do? Why transparent? Transparent Domestic appliance Refrigerator •Things will not block each other You can see through and know how it works! Washing MachineIs the bread Okay?
- 5. What would transparentelectronics do? Why transparent? Transparent Solar panelstransparent solar cells would enable Display panel to obtain solar power while user was looking at screen
- 6. What would transparentelectronics do? Why transparent? Transparent Mobile device No positive and negative side! Display in both sides! Input in both sides! Clear display under sunlight
- 7. Transparent electronics Applications •Domestic appliance •Entertainment and communication •Architecture •Healthcare and Surgical •Military and Industry
- 8. Domestic appliance TransparentBread Baker Window as solar cells and heater Transparent Iron Transparent Washing machine Smart Window display Transparent refrigerator
- 9. Entertainment and communication Tourists Communication Makeup Games
- 10. Architecture Opportunitiesformakersofchangingtraditionalsolarpanelsintotransparentones,eachkindsofsize. Opportunitiesforbuildingengineerstotransferexistingwindowsintosolarones,insteadofelectronicsystemtoprovideenergy. Opportunitiesforhouseandcardesignersofsmartwindow, showinformationandchangeappearancewithweather. Newwaysaboutcommercialsalestodisplaygoods,suchasclothes,furniture,food. Opportunitiesfordistributorsandretailers. Opportunitiesforelectricalequipment, suchasTV,computer,evenmobilephone.
- 11. Healthcare and surgical Supportintimeoutsidetheoperationroom,noneedtododisinfectionprocess.
- 12. Military and Industry Opportunitiesformilitarywearableequipmentwithtransparentsolarpanelsprovidingenergy Opportunitiesfortransparentwindowsonairplane, customersareabletoappreciatetheoutsidesceneryandchoosewhatscenetheylike Opportunitiesforprovidingdriversandoperatorswithshowingbasicinformation Opportunitiesforworkerstoobserveandmonitortheinternalsituationintheequipmentduringmanufacturing Opportunitiesforcommanderstosimulateandoperatebattles.
- 13. What enables transparentelectronics? Current technology LED Circuit
- 14. What enables transparentelectronics? •Transparent thin film Transistor (TTFT) Transparent Conductive films - Graphene Function Conduct They are so small that cannot be distinguished by eyes Aligned nanotubes
- 15. Transparent Conductive films- Graphene Graphene is an atomic-scale honeycomb lattice made of carbon atoms.
- 16. Traditional Transparent Conductivefilms -ITO •ITO holds the dominant place of transparent conductive films currently. •ITO are In2O3doped with Sn •With the development of ITO, the application of TCOs becomes wider •Mainly used in flat display (75%) •Other applications: Transparent heating elements, transparent antistatic film electrodes, electromagnetic, protective films, solar cells, anti-reflective coating, and heat reflecting mirror…
- 17. Requirements for TCFof transparent electronics •Non-toxic elements and cheap material •Good conductivity with good transmittance •Bandgapenergy with High mobility •Good reliability •Cheap processing and mass production
- 18. Why graphene? ITO Graphene Material √ Transmittance& conductivity Mobility & Band Gap Strength& Flexibility •ITO: Indium $92/kg(2002) $930/kg(2013) Can only satisfy the demand till 2028 (Source: American Mining Association 2013) Indium is toxic! •Graphene: Carbon. Can be found everywhere, very cheap, non-Toxic.
- 19. Why graphene? ITO Graphene Transmittance& conductivity √ Source: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201200489/abstract;jsessionid=24508C91658C71CB5F94C7AED94D5BC8.d03t01
- 20. Why graphene? ITO Graphene Mobility & Band Gap √ In an insulator or semiconductor, an electron bound to an atom can break free only if it gets enough energy from heat or passing photon to jump the ‘band gap’. But in graphene the gap is infinitesimal. This is the main reason why graphene’s electron can move easily and very fast. Source: http: www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com
- 21. Why graphene? ITO Graphene Strength& Flexibility √ ITO is a ceramic material, poor flexibility But Graphene…
- 22. Main challenge forgraphene ITO Graphene Process and cost √ Mass production √ Size √ Chinese ITO production: Chinese ITO demand: Other country’s ITO production: Other country’s ITO demand: Unit: 10,000 meters Source: 2010-2015 China TCO industry market research report
- 23. Main challenge forgraphene To get the best electrical and mechanical properties of graphene samples, a fairly original approach used to be applied… Use a tape stick to Graphite, then grab from the tape. And Novoselovuse this approach won the Nobel Prize… How can this be applied to mass production? ITO Graphene Process and cost √ Mass production √ Size √
- 24. Improvement for graphene Patents and efforts concentrate on find a process to mass produce Graphene and the quality is satisfied. http://iopscience.iop.org/1402-4896/2012/T146/014024/article Size is Bigger and suit for more applications and realize transparent electronics High mobility Make it suit for practical use Scalable make it suitable for mass production CVD graphene is preferred
- 25. Cost Improvement forCVD Graphene http://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-price#.Ut8YMRAZ6Uk Will replace ITO for commercial use in the near future
- 26. Geometric scaling forCVD graphene Increasing in scale enables more applications, which makes transparent electronics realizable. http://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3185
- 27. Another key component：Transparentthin-film transistor Intensive effort to find the best material for the channel (semiconductor) in TTFTs. Aligned Nanotubes Hideo, et al., Science, 2003 Marks, et al., Nature Materials, 2006 Ju, et al., Nature Nanotech., 2007 Han, et al., J.A.C.S., 2005
- 28. Requirement for TTFTof Transparent electronics •High mobility High speed/frequency Low operation voltage for portable devices •P-type: Complement N-type TTFTs reported so far for CMOS circuits •Low temperature fabrication(cost saving): Flexible devices Roll-to-roll fabrication compatible
- 29. Mobility improvement Mobilityimprovement of TTFTs The highest mobility among existing TTFTs, suitable for general applications Transparent Electronics based on TTFT, Fumiaki Ishikawa, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- 30. Why choose AlignedCNTs Aligned Nanotubes: •One type of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) •Substrate guided alignment during CVD process (on quartz) •Controlled orientation enables easy registration •Transparent due to small diameter Aligned Nanotubes P-type Martel, et al., APL, 1998 Low T fabrication High mobility Seong, et al., Nature Nanotechnology, 2007 ?
- 31. Transfer printing ofaligned nanotubesenabling low T fabrication Key features: 1. Low T 2. Keeping alignment 3. Repeatable 4. Scalable 5. compatible with graphene (mass production of graphene with Aligned CNTs transparent electronics) Transparent Electronics based on TTFT, Fumiaki Ishikawa, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- 32. TTFT performance onrigid substrates (glass) Data analysis Fairly sufficient for display. Transparent Electronics based on TTFT, Fumiaki Ishikawa, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Channel length is small enough (eye resolution 0.18mm)
- 33. TTFT performance onflexible substrates (PET) Performance change under bending FET operation on a bent substrate Fairly sufficient for display. Transparent Electronics based on TTFT, Fumiaki Ishikawa, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- 34. Aligned CNTs priceimprovement Aligned CNTs Cost is decreasing and will be less than ITO and suitable for commercial use in the near future MT5009 fall semester 2013, group project
- 35. Large Variety ofProcesses Makes Many Optimistic about Carbon Nanotubes Carbon nanotubes are made by several methods •Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) •arc discharge •laser ablation •HIPCO®: Hi-pressure carbon monoxide •surface mediated growth of vertically-aligned tubes by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)
- 36. Transparent Circuit Enabled Graphene Aligned CNTs
- 37. Other enabled Transparentcomponents Transparent display Heated Glass Transparent RAM Transparent Electric Storage Transparent Battery
- 38. Transparent display Asignificant step forward to realize transparent display ! F. N. Ishikawa et al., ACS Nano, 2009 LED control by the aligned nanotube TTFT
- 39. Heated Glass Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heated_glass
- 40. Transparent RAM Aflexible, transparent resistive memory chip created by researchers at Rice University. TRRAM device is based on an capacitor structure which provides a transmittance of 81% in the visible region of the chip. the data retention is expected to be about 10 years Transparent electronics by kirtikansal, 2013
- 41. Transparent Electric storage transparent USB memory drive: PolytronTechnologies has produced a transparent USB memory stick that will come in 8, 16 & 32GB options. The USB has an embedded LED so that you know that it is connected and working. (Source: http://mobilegeeks.com )
- 42. Transparent Battery "Theclear flexible plastic in the image is a battery, it is a polymer based rechargeable battery made by Japanese scientists. DrsHiroyuki Nishide, Hiroaki Konishiand Takeo Sugaat WasedaUniversity have designed the battery which consists of a redox- active organic polymer film around 200 nanometresthick. The power rate performance is strikingly high it only takes one minute to fully charge the battery and it has a long cycle life, often exceeding 1,000 cycles."
- 43. Transparent Everything enabled! Graphene Aligned CNTs … Transparent Circuit Transparent display Heated Glass Transparent RAM Transparent Electric Storage Transparent Battery Material Component System
- 44. Entrepreneurial opportunities Mainplayers: Firms Description Samsung (Korea) Currently working on transparent display panels for mobile application. LG (Korea) Early mover in transparent display segment. Offers 26 to 47 inch transparent displaypanels; product range extended to offer transparent display solutions for digital signage . AUO (Taiwan) Likely to address markets such as retail, advertising and the museumspace Planar (United States) One of the early firms to offer transparent displays for retail store cases. Google (United States) High likelihood of transforming the entire transparent displays industry by creating an entirely new market for wearable devices Apple (United States) Apple can play a crucialrole in revolutionizing the transparent displays industry if the firm adopts this type of display in one of the iterations of the much talked-about smart watch and iPhone. UDC (United States) The only material firm to specifically target the transparent displays space and undertake active research in the transparent nanotechnology space.
- 45. Entrepreneurial opportunities 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 $ Millions Computing and Applications Weareable Applications Retail Applications Applicances Other Applications Transparentdisplaymarket ($ Million) ©2014 NanoMarkets, LC
- 46. Entrepreneurial opportunities Valuechains: R & D Material provider Component Maker OEM Recycling Customer Retailer Application service provider
- 47. Entrepreneurial opportunities Valuechains: R & D: IPR for : Graphene, Aligned CNTs Material improvement Applications Trolls & Attorneys Concept Design Circuit Design Product Design Material provider: Graphene Aligned CNTs
- 48. Entrepreneurial opportunities Valuechains: Component Maker: Transparent circuit Transparent display panel Heated Glass Transparent RAM Transparent Electric Storage Transparent Battery …other transparent component OEM： As Mentioned before (from slide 7)
- 49. Entrepreneurial opportunities Valuechains: Application service provider: Operating System Software Applications Retailer: Dept Store Direct Catalogue Distributors E commerce Mass Merchants National Chain Consumer
- 50. Entrepreneurial opportunities Valuechains: Recycling: Collection Refurbishment Dismantling Recycling Components Recycling Materials Bio-decay
- 51.