1. The grammar translation method focuses on translating grammatical forms, memorizing vocabulary, and studying rules rather than spoken communication. 2. Key principles include using the native language for instruction, focusing on reading/writing over speaking/listening, and correcting errors by providing the right answers. 3. Techniques include translating passages, answering reading questions, finding antonyms/synonyms, applying grammar rules, and filling in blanks.

1. GRAMMAR TRANSLATION
METHOD
Reni Eli Riyani
Mayang Rianti
Neneng
Khoeriah

2. What is GTM ?
• The grammar-translation method of foreign
language teaching is one of the most traditional
methods.
• It was originally used to teach 'dead' languages
(and literatures) such as Latin and Greek,
involving little or no spoken communication or
listening comprehension.

3. Principally, the GTM focused on translating
grammatical form, memorizing vocabulary,
learning rules, and studying conjugations.

4. The Principles of GTM
1. Grammar rules are presented and studied
explixitly. Grammar is taught deductively and
then practiced through translation excerxise.
2. The primary skills to be developed are reading
and writting
3. Hardly any attention is paid to speaking and
listening skills
4. Teacher correction is the only way to make
students produce the right forms of the foreign
language.
5. The goal of foreign language learning is the
ability to understand the written in the foreign
language.

5. The Principles of GTM
6. Mastering the grammar of the foreign
language is essential in order for students to
understand the written target language
7. Vocabulary is learnt from bilingual word list
8. The mother tongue is used as the medium of
instruction
9. A paramount use of translation evcercise is
given.

6. Prator and Murcia (cited in Brown, 1987 : 75) List
the major characteristics of GTM, as follows :
1. Classes are taught in mother tongue, with little
active use of target language
2. Much vocabulary is taught in the form of list of
isolated words
3. Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of
grammar are given
4. Grammar provides the rules for putting words
together, and instruction often focuses on the
form and inflection of words.
5. Reading of difficult classical texts is begun early

7. Prator and Murcia (cited in Brown, 1987 : 75) List
the major characteristics of GTM, as follows :
6. Little attention is paid to the content of texts,
which are treated as excercises in
grammatical analysis
7. Often the only drills are excercises in
translating disconnected sentences from the
target language into the mother tongue
8. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation
9. The focus is on accuracy, and not fluency

8. The following procedure of teaching the target
language through the GTM is adapted from
Larsen-Freeman (2000:15;17)
1. The class reads a text writtten in the target
language
2. Students translate the passage from the target
language to their mother tongue
3. The teacher asks students in their native
language if they have any question , students
ask questions and the teacher answers the
questions in their language
4. Student write out the answer to reading
comprehension questions
5. Student translate new words from the target
language to their mother tongue

9. The following procedure of teaching the target
language through the GTM is adapted from
Larsen-Freeman (2000:15;17)
6. Students are given a grammar rule and based on
the example they apply the rule by using the new
words
7. Students memorize vocabulary
8. The teacher asks students to state the grammar
rule
9. Students memorize the rule
10. Errors are corrected by providing the right
answers.

10. Techniques
The grammar translation method has nine Techniques :
Translation of a Literary Passage (Translating target language
to native language).
Reading Comprehension Questions (Finding information in a
passage, making inferences and relating to personal
experience).
Antonyms/Synonyms (Finding antonyms and synonyms for
words or sets of words).
Cognates (Learning spelling/sound patterns that correspond
between L1 and the target language).

11. Deductive Application of Rule (Understanding grammar rules and
their exceptions, then applying them to new examples).
Fill-in-the-blanks (Filling in gaps in sentences with new words or
items of a particular grammar type).
Memorization (Memorizing vocabulary lists, grammatical rules and
grammatical paradigms).
Use Words in Sentences (Students create sentences to illustrate
they know the meaning and use of new words).
Composition (Students write about a topic using the target
language).

12. Advantages
The phraseology of the target language is quickly explained.
Translation is the easiest way of explaining meanings or words and
phrases from one language into another. Any other method of
explaining vocabulary items in the second language is found time
consuming.
Teacher’s labour is saved. Since the textbooks are taught through
the medium of the mother tongue, the teacher may ask
comprehension questions on the text taught in the mother tongue.
Pupils will not have much difficulty in responding to questions on
the mother tongue. So, the teacher can easily assess whether the
students have learnt what he has taught them.

13. Disadvantages
It is an unnatural method. The natural order of
learning a language is listening, speaking, reading
and writing.
Speech is neglected. The Grammar Translation
Method lays emphasis on reading and writing. It
neglects speech. Thus, the students who are taught
English through this method fail to express
themselves adequately in spoken English.

14. Exact translation is not possible. Translation is, indeed,
a difficult task and exact translation from one language
to another is not always possible.
It does not give pattern practice. A person can learn a
language only when he internalizes its patterns to the
extent that they form his habit. But the Grammar
Translation Method does not provide any such practice
to the learner of a language. It rather attempts to teach
language through rules and not by use.

15.  1. Translation of a Literary Passage
 Students translate a reading passage from the target language
into their native language.
 2. Reading Comprehension Questions
 Students answer questions in the target language based on their
understanding of the reading passage.
 3. Antonym/synonyms
 Students are given one set of words and are asked to find
antonyms in the reading passage.
 4. Fill-in-the-blanks
 Students are given a series of sentences with words missing.
 5. Deductive Application of Rule
 Grammar rules are presented with examples. Once students
understand a rule, they are asked to apply it to some different
example.

16. Example of GTM
Vocabulary
List of Verb
1. Eat : makan
2. Laugh : tertawa
3. Study : belajar
4. Write : menulis
5. Read : membaca

17. Example of GTM
Change the Verb !
1. The baby............ (cry) every night
2. My mother ........... (cook) rice very well
3. The students ..............(study) mathematics

18. Example of GTM
Translate these sentences into Indonesian !
1. The baby cries everynight
............................................
2. My mother cooks rise very well
..............................................
3. My father reads a newspaper
...................................................

19. Example of GTM
Terjemahkan kalimat-kalimat berikut ke dalam
bahasa Inggris !
1. Mereka membenci kita
2. Kita makan setiap hari
3. Dia tertawa dan kamu menangis
4. Saya suka Bahasa Inggris
5. Kita tidur setiap malam