The presentation deals with the basics required for studying TMJ ankylosis. The text has been simplified and presented. It is well supported with illustrations.
Suggestions and feedback will be well appreciated. :)
A Brief description of the causes and clinical manifestations of the internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint , with particular emphasis on Disc Displacements .
A Brief description of the causes and clinical manifestations of the internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint , with particular emphasis on Disc Displacements .
Dear Readers,
this is my ppt was made from a book of BAGHERI ( Current therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery)- 2012 PLUS other sources.. hope you find it beneficial.
have a nice day,
hanan
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Mandibular angle fractures account for 23% to 42% of all facial fractures. Fracture of mandibular angle can be classified as (A) Vertical favorable or unfavorable, (B) Horizontally favorable of unfavorable. Traditionally, mandibular angle fractures have been treated with either closed reduction and inter-maxillary fixation or open reduction and internal fixation with or without inter-maxillary fixation. Patients treated with inter-maxillary fixation have a restricted airway and loose excess weight. Rigid internal fixation and early return to function have eliminated the use of wire osteosenthysis and prolonged use of inter-maxillary fixation. The principal of rigid fixation, however, have inherent set of disadvantages including damage to the inferior alveolar nerve and the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve. Postoperative malocclusion rates are also high. With the introduction of semi-rigid technique fracture of the mandibular angle could be treated according to Champy’s Ideal lines of osteosenthysis. The technique involves placement of a single monocortial miniplate on the superior border of the mandible. However, some studies suggested using a second miniplate along the inferior border. Wether one or two miniplates should be used is still debatable. The application of 3D plates may provide additional stability in 3 dimension and good resistance against torque forces.
Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular jointAhmed Adawy
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint refers to lavage of the upper joint space, hydraulic pressure and manipulation to release adhesions of the “anchored disc phenomenon” and improve motion. The technique of arthrocentesis is discussed together with the indications and contraindications of the procedure. Further, the presentation includes modifications of the standard technique.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
Dear Readers,
this is my ppt was made from a book of BAGHERI ( Current therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery)- 2012 PLUS other sources.. hope you find it beneficial.
have a nice day,
hanan
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Mandibular angle fractures account for 23% to 42% of all facial fractures. Fracture of mandibular angle can be classified as (A) Vertical favorable or unfavorable, (B) Horizontally favorable of unfavorable. Traditionally, mandibular angle fractures have been treated with either closed reduction and inter-maxillary fixation or open reduction and internal fixation with or without inter-maxillary fixation. Patients treated with inter-maxillary fixation have a restricted airway and loose excess weight. Rigid internal fixation and early return to function have eliminated the use of wire osteosenthysis and prolonged use of inter-maxillary fixation. The principal of rigid fixation, however, have inherent set of disadvantages including damage to the inferior alveolar nerve and the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve. Postoperative malocclusion rates are also high. With the introduction of semi-rigid technique fracture of the mandibular angle could be treated according to Champy’s Ideal lines of osteosenthysis. The technique involves placement of a single monocortial miniplate on the superior border of the mandible. However, some studies suggested using a second miniplate along the inferior border. Wether one or two miniplates should be used is still debatable. The application of 3D plates may provide additional stability in 3 dimension and good resistance against torque forces.
Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular jointAhmed Adawy
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint refers to lavage of the upper joint space, hydraulic pressure and manipulation to release adhesions of the “anchored disc phenomenon” and improve motion. The technique of arthrocentesis is discussed together with the indications and contraindications of the procedure. Further, the presentation includes modifications of the standard technique.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
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Being a Periodontist, what necessary is to know what actually periodontal flaps are. So this presentation might provide you an insight into the field of periodontics as well as periodontal flaps.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The presentation explains in detail the different types of waxes and investment materials used in dentistry. It has been well supported with illustrations for a better understanding of the topic.
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Suggestions and feedback will be well appreciated.
The presentation deals with the various suturing materials available and the different kinds of techniques used. Attempts have been made to simplify the text and support with suitable illustrations. Hope you like it!
Suggestions and feedback will be highly appreciated! :)
The presentation deals with the basics of hemorrhage i.e. classification, etiology. It also covers the mechanism of hemostasis and the various methods to achieve hemostasis.
Hope you like it! Suggestions and feedback will always be well appreciated. :)
This presentation provides information about the Psychodynamic Theories of child psychology. It is well supported with examples and illustrations for a better understanding of the topic.
Hope you like it! Suggestions and feedback will be well appreciated! :)
The presentation provides you with all the information required about various instruments used in conservative dentistry along with some information about a few as well along with exact picture of the instrument. It also contains basic knowledge about instruments, i.e. instrument design, instrument formula etc.
The presentation depicts in a very simplified manner the steps of cavity preparation and restoration of class 3 and class 5 composite restoration. It is well supported with illustrations that further provide a better understanding of the topic.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
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- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
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- GENE THERAPY
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- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. • Greek terminology meaning ‘stiff joint’.
• Fusion between cranium and condyle.
• Jaw function is affected.
• Hypomobility or immobility of joint can lead to inability to open
mouth from partial to complete.
2
4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Trauma brings about extravasation of blood into the joint space called
hemarthrosis.
• This predisposes to calcification and obliteration of a joint space,
where immobility of joint is maintained over a prolonged period.
• Many times initial fibrous bands lead towards bony consolidation to
ossification.
4
5. 5
Pathophysiology can be explained by means of a flow chart:
Trauma
↓
Extravasation of blood into the joint space
↓
Heamarthrosis
↓
Period of restricted mobility due to pain
↓
Fibrosis leading to further restriction
↓
Gradual bone formation
6. CLASSIFICATION
1. Based on the location:
- Extra articular.
- Intra articular.
2. Based on the type of tissue involved:
- Bony.
- Fibrous.
- Mixed.
3. Based on the extent of fusion/severity of ankylosis:
- Complete.
- Incomplete.
4. Based on the side involved:
- Unilateral.
- Bilateral. 6
7. SAWHNEY CLASSIFICATION
1. Type I: Head of the condyle is flattened or deformed with close
approximation to the upper articular surface. Dense fibrous adhesions
make movement possible.
2. Type II: Head misshapen or flattened but is distinguishable. Bony
fusion of head to outer edge of articular surface.
7
8. 8
3. Type III: Bony block seems to bridge across ramus and zygomatic
arch. Displaced condylar head. Elongation of coronoid process seen.
4. Type IV: Bony block is wide and deep and extends between ramus and
upper articular surface thereby completely replacing joint architecture.
9. 9
TOPAZIAN CLASSIFICATION
• Stage I: Ankylotic bone limited to the condylar process only.
• Stage II: Ankylotic bone extending to the sigmoid notch.
• Stage III: Amkylotic bone extending to the coronoid process.
• Disadvantage of classification: Does not include fibrous part.
10. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
→ Unilateral Ankylosis:
• Facial asymmetry.
• Deviation of mandible and chin on affected side.
• Roundness and fullness of face on affected side.
• Cross bite maybe seen.
• Lower border of mandible has a concavity on affected side.
10
11. → Bilateral Ankylosis:
• Inability to open mouth progresses to decreased interincisal opening.
• Typical ‘bird face’ deformity with receding chin.
• Neck chin angle reduced or completely absent.
• Class II malocclusion.
• Protrusive upper incisors with anterior open bite.
• Multiple carious teeth with bad periodontal health.
11
12. DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is based on the following:
1. History of trauma, infection etc.
2. Clinical findings.
3. Radiographic findings:
a. OPG: Shows both joints picture which can be compared in unilateral
cases.
b. Lateral oblique view: Gives anteroposterior dimension of condylar
mass. Elongation of coronoid process seen.
c. Cephalometric radiograph: Taken to evaluate associated skeletal
deformities.
12
13. 13
d. CT scan:
• Very helpful guide for surgery.
• Relation to middle cranial fossa, anteroposterior width can be
assessed.
• Any presence of fractured condylar head can be located.
14. SEQUELAE OF UNTREATED ANKYLOSIS
Normal facial growth and development affected.
Speech impairment.
Nutritional impairment.
Respiratory distress, esp. in bilateral involvement.
Malocclusion.
Poor oral hygiene.
Multiple carious and impacted teeth.
14
15. MANAGEMENT OF TMJ ANKYLOSIS
Aims and Objectives of Surgery:
1. Release the ankylosed mass and creation of a gap to mobilize the
joint.
2. Creation of a functional joint.
3. To reconstruct the joint and restore vertical height of ramus.
4. To prevent recurrence.
5. To restore normal facial growth pattern.
6. To improve esthetics and rehabilitate the patient.
Surgical Techniques:
I: Condylectomy.
II: Gap Arthroplasty.
III: Interpositional Arthroplasty. 15
16. Condylectomy:
• Advocated in cases of fibrous ankylosis, where joint space is
obilterated with deposition of fibrous bands but there is not much
deformity of condylar head.
• Preauricular approach used commonly, others include Al Kayat
Bramley, inverted hockey stick.
16
17. Gap Arthroplasty:
• Section consists of two horizontal osteotomy cuts and removal of
bony wedge for creation of a gap.
• No substance is interposed between the two cut bony surfaces.
• Minimum gap of 1 cm to prevent reankylosis.
17
18. Interpositional Arthroplasty:
• Involves creation of a gap, but in addition a barrier is inserted between
the cut bony surfaces to minimize risk of recurrence and to maintain
vertical height of ramus.
18
20. INTERNATIONALLYACCEPTED PROTOCOL
FOR MANAGEMENT OF TMJ ANKYLOSIS
Put forward by Kaban, Perrot and Fischer in 1990:
1. Early surgical intervention.
2. Aggressive resection:
- Gap of at least 1 – 1.5 cm should be created.
3. Ipsilateral coronoidectomy and temporalis myotomy:
- After gap arthroplasty, coronoidectomy on the same side should be
carried out.
- Temporalis muscle attachments are severed by carrying out temporalis
myotomy.
4. Contralateral coronoidectomy and temporalis myotomy. 20
21. 5. Lining of glenoid fossa region with temporalis fascia.
6. Reconstruction of ramus with costochondral graft.
7. Early mobilization and aggressive physiotherapy for at least six
months postoperatively.
8. Regular long term follow up.
9. To carry out cosmetic surgery at later date, when growth of patient is
completed.
21
22. COMPLICATIONS DURING SURGERY
During Anesthesia:
a. As the patient cannot open the mouth, awake blind intubation has to
be done where co – operation is required which is difficult to achieve
sometimes.
b. Because of small mandible and altered position of larynx, intubation
poses a problem.
c. Aspiration of blood clot, tooth or foreign body during extubation.
d. Danger of falling back of tongue and obstructing airway is always
there after extubation.
22
23. During Surgery:
a. Hemorrhage.
b. Damage to external auditory meatus.
c. Damage to zygomatic and temporal branch of facial nerve.
d. Damage to auriculotemporal nerve.
e. Damage to parotid gland.
f. Damage to glenoid fossa.
During Postoperative Follow – up:
a. Infection.
b. Open bite.
c. Recurrence of ankylosis.
23
24. RECURRENCE OF ANKYLOSIS
Several factors said to be responsible:
1. Inadequate gap created between fragments.
2. Fracture of costochondral graft.
3. Loosening of costochondral graft due to inadequate fixation to
ramus.
4. Inadequate postoperative physiotherapy.
5. Inadequate coverage of glenoid fossa surface.
6. Higher osteogenic potential and periosteal osteogenic power maybe
responsible for high rate of recurrence in children.
24