This document summarizes a study on a lithium bromide-water vapor absorption refrigeration system powered by solar energy. It discusses the basic principles and components of vapor absorption systems, including the generator, condenser, evaporator, absorber, and expansion valve. Common working fluid pairs like lithium bromide-water and ammonia-water are described. The document provides details on the thermodynamic analysis conducted on a 1.5-ton lithium bromide-water system, including calculations of the coefficient of performance based on hot water as the heat source. The goal is to explore using solar energy instead of electricity to power the refrigeration process.
IRJET- Review of Vapour Absorption System and Vapour Compression System.IRJET Journal
This document reviews and summarizes literature on vapour absorption and vapour compression refrigeration systems. It discusses the basic principles and components of vapour absorption systems, including single effect and double effect cycles. It also discusses vapour compression systems and their four main components: evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion device. The document summarizes several research papers on improving the efficiency of these systems through various parameters and working fluids. It concludes that further research is needed on smaller vapour absorption systems and the energy analysis of compression-absorption systems.
Assessment of the Use of Solar Flat Plate Collectors for Solar Thermal Refrig...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on using solar thermal energy to power a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The system uses evacuated tube solar collectors to heat an ammonia-water solution in a generator tank. This vaporizes the ammonia which is then condensed and expanded to produce cooling in an evaporator. The ammonia vapor is absorbed back into the solution which is pumped to the generator, completing the vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. The system is designed to provide a 1 ton refrigeration capacity with a calculated coefficient of performance of 0.75, making it suitable for applications like air conditioning.
This document discusses solar powered absorption refrigeration systems. It provides details on:
1) LiBr-H2O is considered the best working pair for solar absorption air conditioning systems due to its higher COP compared to other pairs like H2O-NH3.
2) A single effect system with refrigerant storage can accumulate refrigerant during high sunlight but has a lower COP, while a double effect convertible system has a higher COP.
3) A two-stage system lowers the generator temperature allowing use of conventional flat plate collectors, reducing system costs.
The document discusses waste heat recovery from refrigeration cycles. It notes that refrigeration systems remove heat from one source and expel it to the atmosphere, and this expelled heat can be converted to useful heat. A desuperheater heat exchanger added to the refrigeration condensing section can recover heat at temperatures above the normal condensing temperature. This recovered heat has various commercial benefits and applications, including preheating water up to 60°C for uses like cleaning without affecting the refrigeration cycle. Recovering this waste heat improves the overall efficiency of the refrigeration system.
Heat Recovery System in Domestic RefrigeratorIjrdt Journal
Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to another. Refrigeration technology has rapidly evolved in last century from ice harvesting to temperature controlled rail cars. Most widely used current application of refrigeration is for air-conditioning of homes and public buildings. During refrigeration, heat from the refrigerant is dissipated for the successful completion of a refrigeration cycle. In normal household refrigerators, the heat from the refrigerant is removed using a condenser where the refrigerant cools and the air surrounding the condenser heats up. The strategy of how to recover the dissipated heat to develop a waste heat recovery system is relevant. The energy lost in waste heat cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat can be recovered and the loss can be minimized by adopting different measures. Hot air can be used for space heating, industrial drying, preheating aspirated air for oil burners, or any other application requiring warm air. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a heat recovery system to recover waste heat from the condenser in the refrigerator and to reuse it for heating application.
REFRIGERATION- HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM BY USING WATER HEATER CHAMBER IN BETWEEN...Dhananjay Parmar
The heat from the condenser side is dissipated to the room air. If this heat is not utilized it simply becomes the waste heat.
The rejected heat could be used to operate any other low grade heat required refrigeration system.
IRJET - Design and Development of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System usi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a vapor compression refrigeration system using a liquid heat exchanger. The system uses refrigerant blends of R600a and R290 or HFO-1234yf to increase the system's coefficient of performance (COP) while reducing global warming and ozone depletion potential compared to traditional systems using R134a. Using a liquid heat exchanger reduces the load on the compressor, allowing for greater cooling effect with lower energy input and less environmental harm. Testing confirmed the new system achieved a COP increase while lowering global warming potential to around 4, compared to 1300 for R134a, and maintaining an ozone depletion potential of zero.
The document describes an experimental study on adsorption refrigeration systems for automobiles. Various adsorbent-refrigerant pairs were tested including silica gel-water, silica gel-methanol, zeolite-methanol, zeolite-water, activated carbon-ammonia, and activated carbon-methanol. Experiments were conducted to analyze the adsorption capacity of each pair at different temperatures. It was found that silica gel-water had the highest coefficient of performance and was the best pair among those tested. Water also reached saturation on zeolite the quickest, followed by water on silica gel and ammonia on carbon. The goal of the study was to evaluate different pairs to
IRJET- Review of Vapour Absorption System and Vapour Compression System.IRJET Journal
This document reviews and summarizes literature on vapour absorption and vapour compression refrigeration systems. It discusses the basic principles and components of vapour absorption systems, including single effect and double effect cycles. It also discusses vapour compression systems and their four main components: evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion device. The document summarizes several research papers on improving the efficiency of these systems through various parameters and working fluids. It concludes that further research is needed on smaller vapour absorption systems and the energy analysis of compression-absorption systems.
Assessment of the Use of Solar Flat Plate Collectors for Solar Thermal Refrig...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on using solar thermal energy to power a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The system uses evacuated tube solar collectors to heat an ammonia-water solution in a generator tank. This vaporizes the ammonia which is then condensed and expanded to produce cooling in an evaporator. The ammonia vapor is absorbed back into the solution which is pumped to the generator, completing the vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. The system is designed to provide a 1 ton refrigeration capacity with a calculated coefficient of performance of 0.75, making it suitable for applications like air conditioning.
This document discusses solar powered absorption refrigeration systems. It provides details on:
1) LiBr-H2O is considered the best working pair for solar absorption air conditioning systems due to its higher COP compared to other pairs like H2O-NH3.
2) A single effect system with refrigerant storage can accumulate refrigerant during high sunlight but has a lower COP, while a double effect convertible system has a higher COP.
3) A two-stage system lowers the generator temperature allowing use of conventional flat plate collectors, reducing system costs.
The document discusses waste heat recovery from refrigeration cycles. It notes that refrigeration systems remove heat from one source and expel it to the atmosphere, and this expelled heat can be converted to useful heat. A desuperheater heat exchanger added to the refrigeration condensing section can recover heat at temperatures above the normal condensing temperature. This recovered heat has various commercial benefits and applications, including preheating water up to 60°C for uses like cleaning without affecting the refrigeration cycle. Recovering this waste heat improves the overall efficiency of the refrigeration system.
Heat Recovery System in Domestic RefrigeratorIjrdt Journal
Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to another. Refrigeration technology has rapidly evolved in last century from ice harvesting to temperature controlled rail cars. Most widely used current application of refrigeration is for air-conditioning of homes and public buildings. During refrigeration, heat from the refrigerant is dissipated for the successful completion of a refrigeration cycle. In normal household refrigerators, the heat from the refrigerant is removed using a condenser where the refrigerant cools and the air surrounding the condenser heats up. The strategy of how to recover the dissipated heat to develop a waste heat recovery system is relevant. The energy lost in waste heat cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat can be recovered and the loss can be minimized by adopting different measures. Hot air can be used for space heating, industrial drying, preheating aspirated air for oil burners, or any other application requiring warm air. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a heat recovery system to recover waste heat from the condenser in the refrigerator and to reuse it for heating application.
REFRIGERATION- HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM BY USING WATER HEATER CHAMBER IN BETWEEN...Dhananjay Parmar
The heat from the condenser side is dissipated to the room air. If this heat is not utilized it simply becomes the waste heat.
The rejected heat could be used to operate any other low grade heat required refrigeration system.
IRJET - Design and Development of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System usi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a vapor compression refrigeration system using a liquid heat exchanger. The system uses refrigerant blends of R600a and R290 or HFO-1234yf to increase the system's coefficient of performance (COP) while reducing global warming and ozone depletion potential compared to traditional systems using R134a. Using a liquid heat exchanger reduces the load on the compressor, allowing for greater cooling effect with lower energy input and less environmental harm. Testing confirmed the new system achieved a COP increase while lowering global warming potential to around 4, compared to 1300 for R134a, and maintaining an ozone depletion potential of zero.
The document describes an experimental study on adsorption refrigeration systems for automobiles. Various adsorbent-refrigerant pairs were tested including silica gel-water, silica gel-methanol, zeolite-methanol, zeolite-water, activated carbon-ammonia, and activated carbon-methanol. Experiments were conducted to analyze the adsorption capacity of each pair at different temperatures. It was found that silica gel-water had the highest coefficient of performance and was the best pair among those tested. Water also reached saturation on zeolite the quickest, followed by water on silica gel and ammonia on carbon. The goal of the study was to evaluate different pairs to
The document describes a water cooling system that uses engine exhaust heat from a two-wheeler engine. The system uses an adsorber bed filled with activated carbon to adsorb R134a refrigerant. Exhaust from the engine passes through the adsorber bed, heating it and causing the refrigerant to evaporate. The evaporated refrigerant then passes through a coil that acts as an evaporator, cooling water passed through it. After condensing, the refrigerant is expanded through a valve and re-adsorbed in the bed, completing the cycle. Experimental results showed the system could cool 2 liters of water to 19°C within 30 minutes, using only waste heat from the engine exhaust. The system provides
Theoretical Analysis for Energy Consumption of a Circulation-Type Superheate...IJMER
Recycled waste material has recently become of interest because of the huge amount of
natural resource consumption worldwide. It is necessary to introduce a material recycle system in
municipal and industrial waste management. Quality improvement of oily metal waste disposed from
metalworking factories as recycling materials is one of the issues. Here, the degreasing system plays an
important role. In this paper, energy consumption of a circulation-type superheated steam degreasing
system was applied to oily metal waste disposed from a metalworking factory. This system was
compared to a once-through type superheated steam degreasing system. Flow rates of materials
applicable to the degreasing system were estimated based on preliminary experiments, and heat and
energy balances from the system were theoretically evaluated and compared between once-through and
circulation type systems. As a result, a circulation-type superheated steam waste degreasing system
that can process oily metal waste provides a promising energy-saving waste metal recycle system.
Experimental investigation of waste heat recovery system for domestic refrige...IAEME Publication
This document describes an experimental investigation of a waste heat recovery system for a domestic refrigerator. The system utilizes the waste heat from the refrigerator's condenser, which is typically around 32-43°C, by installing a water tank to recover heat from the compressed refrigerant gas before it enters the condenser via a process called desuperheating. Tests were conducted with the refrigerator operating normally and operating as a refrigerator-water heater. Results found that waste heat recovery from domestic refrigerators is technically feasible and can economically preheat water. The document provides details on the experimental setup, which includes modifications made to a domestic refrigerator to integrate a water tank for desuperheating, and instrumentation used to collect temperature and energy consumption data.
Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed”- first law of thermodynamics. the energy
potential of the world is constant , so we have to save the energy as much as possible .as the refrigeration
is needed everywhere in the world and it is the major user of energy. The energy that could be used for
the adsorption refrigeration is powered by low grade heat. the low grade heat can be obtain from
industrial waste heat, exhaust gases from the engines or heat from solar thermal collector. Moreover it
uses environment kindly refrigerants and avoids the global warming and ozone depletion.
This document provides information about refrigeration and air conditioning. It defines refrigeration as the process of removing heat from an object to lower its temperature below the surrounding atmosphere. Refrigerators are used to produce and maintain temperatures below ambient. Common refrigerants include ammonia, carbon dioxide, and various freons. The document discusses refrigerant properties and applications of refrigeration. It also defines related terms like refrigeration effect, capacity, and coefficient of performance. The two main types of refrigerators - vapor compression and vapor absorption - are described along with their basic components and working. The document concludes with definitions and processes related to psychrometry and an overview of different air conditioning systems and their functions.
Waste heat recovery provides opportunities to improve energy efficiency in industrial processes. Capturing lost heat from exhaust gases, furnaces, and other equipment can provide an emission-free substitute for fuels and electricity. Existing technologies like recuperators and regenerators can often recover 10-50% of lost heat. Lower temperature waste heat below 400°F can also be recovered and used for space heating, hot water, or low temperature industrial processes. Challenges include the low temperature differences available, corrosion from flue gas condensation, and finding suitable end uses for the recovered heat. Advanced materials and designs are exploring ways to further improve waste heat recovery across a wide range of industrial applications.
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEM IN THE APPLICATION OF WA...Journal For Research
Heat is the energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters for the protection of global environment. Heat also radiated from our domestic refrigerator. This waste heat from refrigerator will affect the environmental because as heat in the environment will increases it will cause global warming. So it is necessary that a significant effort should be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. So An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for various of domestic and industrial purposes. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is very useful for domestic purpose. It is valuable alternative approach to increase overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has shown that such a system is technically feasible and economical. This system is a cabin that we are going to install over the head of the simple refrigerator, this cabin will be an arrangement of coils that will work as a heat exchanger for reuse of waste heat. These coils are hot coils of condenser of the refrigerator that will be modified and will put in the cabin. It can serve the purpose of cooking, geysers etc. Besides, the refrigerator may be used as conventional refrigerator. Further COP will also increase. Heat rejection may occur directly to the air in the case of a conventional household domestic refrigerator having air-cooled condenser. This system rejected less heat to the environment so it is safer in environmental aspects also.
Design &Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic RefrigeratorIJMER
Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
The document is a project report submitted by five students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It details the design, construction and testing of a refrigeration system that uses waste heat from an internal combustion engine as its energy source, instead of electrical power. The system employs an Electrolux vapor absorption refrigeration cycle, which is suitable for operating on low-grade heat. Diagrams and descriptions of the key components, such as the compressor, condenser and evaporator, are provided. The report also includes photographs documenting the building process.
IRJET- Comfort Cooling Application using Fixed Focus Solar Parabolic Dish...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses using solar thermal energy from a Scheffler dish concentrator to power a double effect vapor absorption machine (VAM) for comfort cooling applications.
2. A case study integrated a 320 sqm Scheffler dish collector with a VAM, reducing annual electricity use by 120,000 kWh and carbon emissions by 113 metric tons, with a payback period of 6-7 years.
3. Solar thermal cooling using VAMs can seamlessly integrate with existing electric chillers to provide comfort cooling, reducing fossil fuel usage and electricity consumption.
Automobile air-conditioning is a necessity of present life. vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in modern automobile and refrigerant 134a are available in automobile. The compressor of automobile air-conditioning is run by engine crankshaft, which reduces the mileage of the
automobile. Waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine are two type, one is direct type or thermal energy or waste heat direct converted into electrical energy by see back effect and other is indirect type waste heat is used for rankine cycle ,sterling cycle or refrigeration cycle.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF LITHIUM BROMIDE MIXTURE ON COP FOR SINGLE EFFECT L...Editor IJMTER
In this paper effect of concentration of lithium bromide mixture on Co-efficient of
performance (COP) for single effect LiBr-H2O absorption chillers is calculated. Then find out how
the cop varies with the concentration of lithium bromide. For finding cop temperature of condenser
varies and the other parameter (temperature of generator, temperature of absorber, capacity of
evaporator, temperature of evaporator temperature of absorber) remains constant. Optimal value of
COP obtained 0.65 varying temperature of condenser.
Recovery of Engine Waste Heat for Reutilization in Air Conditioning System in...Joel John
The document proposes recovering engine waste heat in an automobile to power an air conditioning system using vapor absorption refrigeration. It begins with an introduction discussing how air conditioning has become necessary in vehicles and how operating costs are increasing. It then reviews vapor compression and absorption refrigeration systems, engine cooling systems, and compares the two refrigeration methods. The objectives are to identify waste in traditional vapor compression systems, compare characteristics to the proposed vapor absorption system, and analyze strategies to reduce refrigeration costs in vehicles. A literature review found works on using exhaust heat for adsorption cooling but no significant work recovering engine heat for vehicle air conditioning.
This document summarizes a dissertation on the exergetic analysis of a two-stage lithium bromide/water vapor absorption refrigeration system. It provides background on absorption refrigeration and the motivation for improving efficiency. The dissertation aims to conduct an energy and exergy analysis of an actual double effect steam powered lithium bromide-water vapor absorption refrigeration system. It calculates values like exergy loss, COP, exergy efficiency and heat rate for each component. The effects of generator and evaporator temperature on COP and exergy efficiency are evaluated. Results show the irreversibility rate is highest in the generator, while lowest in the absorber and condenser. COP increases with evaporator temperature but exergy efficiency decreases. Average exer
“PRESENTATION ON SOLAR ASSISTED VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM”Bhagvat Wadekar
SUMMARY
The range of COP for the Solar VAdRS is 0.2 - 0.7. The development of adsorption system for refrigeration is promising. An overall thermodynamics-based comparison of sorption systems shows that the performance of adsorption systems depends highly on both the adsorption pairs and processes. The technology continues to develop and the cost of producing power with solar thermal adsorption refrigeration is falling. If the costs of fossil fuels, transportation, energy conversion, electricity transmission and system maintenance are taken into account, the cost of energy produced by solar thermal adsorption systems would be much lower than that for conventional refrigeration systems.
The intermittent system has its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantages such as long adsorption/desorption time have become obstacles for commercial production of the system. Hence, to compete with conventional vapor compression technologies, more efforts should be made in enhancing the COP and SCP. The environmental benefits of this technology and its non-dependence on conventional energy sources makes it highly attractive for further developments and a potential alternative to conventional systems in the future. The future of solar refrigeration and air conditioning seems to be a very good proposition and no doubt will find its place in future industrial applications. The major limiting factor at present is the shape of energy so as to make it available whenever it is required, for example at nights and extended cloudy days when we cannot attain a high enough temperature.
This document describes a waste heat recovery system from a domestic refrigerator. It discusses how part of the heat from the refrigerator condenser is wasted and can be utilized. The system designed recovers this waste heat using a heat exchanger and utilizes it to power a small oven. It provides details on the design of the heat exchanger and oven, fabrication of parts, results which show a 3.3% improvement in refrigerator COP, and concludes the system is technically feasible and economically viable for heat recovery from household refrigerators.
The document discusses different types of vapor absorption refrigeration systems, including a simple system using ammonia and water, a practical system with additional components, an Electrolux system using ammonia, water and hydrogen, and a lithium bromide system. It also covers the types of refrigerants used in these systems, including halocarbons, inorganic refrigerants, azeotropic refrigerants, zeotropic refrigerants and hydrocarbon refrigerants. Finally, it discusses the environmental effects of refrigerants such as ozone depletion and global warming.
Development of vapour absorption refrigeration system in vehiclesAshish Singh
This document discusses the development of a vapor absorption refrigeration system for use in vehicles. It begins with an introduction that explains vapor absorption and vapor compression refrigeration systems. The objectives are to lower the vehicle's temperature using waste heat from the engine. Literature on previous related projects is reviewed. The proposed system would use a generator heated by exhaust gases to power the vapor absorption cycle. Performance is analyzed considering temperatures and heat transfer. Components are specified and costs are estimated. A timeline is provided. The vapor absorption system could utilize otherwise wasted engine heat to provide cooling, reducing fuel costs compared to vapor compression.
This document provides a theoretical investigation of a solar energy driven combined power and refrigeration cycle that uses oil as the heat transfer medium. The cycle integrates a Rankine cycle for power production and an ejector refrigeration cycle for cold production. Thermodynamic analyses of the cycle were conducted to determine first law efficiency of 20% and second law efficiency of 11%. Key cycle components include a heliostat field, central receiver, heat recovery steam generator, turbine, evaporator, condenser and ejector. Effects of parameters such as steam temperature and evaporator temperature on cycle performance were examined.
Review of Vapour Absorption System and Vapour Compression System.IRJET Journal
This document reviews and summarizes literature on vapour absorption and vapour compression refrigeration systems. It discusses the basic principles and components of vapour absorption systems, including single effect and double effect cycles. It also discusses vapour compression systems and their four main components: evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion device. The document summarizes several research papers on improving the efficiency of these systems through various parameters and working fluids. It concludes that further research is needed on smaller vapour absorption systems and the energy analysis of compression-absorption systems.
IRJET- Optimization of Flat Plate Solar Collector with Novel Heat Collect...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing a flat plate solar collector with novel heat collecting components through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation. It focuses on applying an optimization technique to a flat plate solar collector using an aluminium heat collecting component consisting of a flat plate absorber integrated with heat pipes made of aluminium. The CFD simulation investigates the effect of water mass flow rate on the collector's collection efficiency. The results show that maximum efficiency is observed at an optimized flow rate of 0.15 kg/s. Temperature profiles from the simulation are presented and compared to experimental results, showing good agreement between the simulated and experimental variation of efficiency with water mass flow rate.
This document describes an experimental setup for a solar vapor absorption cooling system using a flat plate collector. The system consists of two main circuits: 1) A solar water heating system circuit that uses a flat plate collector to heat water which is then used in the generator. 2) A vapor absorption refrigeration circuit consisting of a generator, absorber, evaporator, condenser and solution heat exchanger, using an ammonia-water working fluid. Experimental results showed a temperature drop of 7-8°C in the evaporator and a coefficient of performance of 0.75-0.79 for the solar powered vapor absorption system, lower than the maximum theoretical COP of 3.11 but demonstrating the potential to produce refrigeration from solar energy
The document describes a water cooling system that uses engine exhaust heat from a two-wheeler engine. The system uses an adsorber bed filled with activated carbon to adsorb R134a refrigerant. Exhaust from the engine passes through the adsorber bed, heating it and causing the refrigerant to evaporate. The evaporated refrigerant then passes through a coil that acts as an evaporator, cooling water passed through it. After condensing, the refrigerant is expanded through a valve and re-adsorbed in the bed, completing the cycle. Experimental results showed the system could cool 2 liters of water to 19°C within 30 minutes, using only waste heat from the engine exhaust. The system provides
Theoretical Analysis for Energy Consumption of a Circulation-Type Superheate...IJMER
Recycled waste material has recently become of interest because of the huge amount of
natural resource consumption worldwide. It is necessary to introduce a material recycle system in
municipal and industrial waste management. Quality improvement of oily metal waste disposed from
metalworking factories as recycling materials is one of the issues. Here, the degreasing system plays an
important role. In this paper, energy consumption of a circulation-type superheated steam degreasing
system was applied to oily metal waste disposed from a metalworking factory. This system was
compared to a once-through type superheated steam degreasing system. Flow rates of materials
applicable to the degreasing system were estimated based on preliminary experiments, and heat and
energy balances from the system were theoretically evaluated and compared between once-through and
circulation type systems. As a result, a circulation-type superheated steam waste degreasing system
that can process oily metal waste provides a promising energy-saving waste metal recycle system.
Experimental investigation of waste heat recovery system for domestic refrige...IAEME Publication
This document describes an experimental investigation of a waste heat recovery system for a domestic refrigerator. The system utilizes the waste heat from the refrigerator's condenser, which is typically around 32-43°C, by installing a water tank to recover heat from the compressed refrigerant gas before it enters the condenser via a process called desuperheating. Tests were conducted with the refrigerator operating normally and operating as a refrigerator-water heater. Results found that waste heat recovery from domestic refrigerators is technically feasible and can economically preheat water. The document provides details on the experimental setup, which includes modifications made to a domestic refrigerator to integrate a water tank for desuperheating, and instrumentation used to collect temperature and energy consumption data.
Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed”- first law of thermodynamics. the energy
potential of the world is constant , so we have to save the energy as much as possible .as the refrigeration
is needed everywhere in the world and it is the major user of energy. The energy that could be used for
the adsorption refrigeration is powered by low grade heat. the low grade heat can be obtain from
industrial waste heat, exhaust gases from the engines or heat from solar thermal collector. Moreover it
uses environment kindly refrigerants and avoids the global warming and ozone depletion.
This document provides information about refrigeration and air conditioning. It defines refrigeration as the process of removing heat from an object to lower its temperature below the surrounding atmosphere. Refrigerators are used to produce and maintain temperatures below ambient. Common refrigerants include ammonia, carbon dioxide, and various freons. The document discusses refrigerant properties and applications of refrigeration. It also defines related terms like refrigeration effect, capacity, and coefficient of performance. The two main types of refrigerators - vapor compression and vapor absorption - are described along with their basic components and working. The document concludes with definitions and processes related to psychrometry and an overview of different air conditioning systems and their functions.
Waste heat recovery provides opportunities to improve energy efficiency in industrial processes. Capturing lost heat from exhaust gases, furnaces, and other equipment can provide an emission-free substitute for fuels and electricity. Existing technologies like recuperators and regenerators can often recover 10-50% of lost heat. Lower temperature waste heat below 400°F can also be recovered and used for space heating, hot water, or low temperature industrial processes. Challenges include the low temperature differences available, corrosion from flue gas condensation, and finding suitable end uses for the recovered heat. Advanced materials and designs are exploring ways to further improve waste heat recovery across a wide range of industrial applications.
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEM IN THE APPLICATION OF WA...Journal For Research
Heat is the energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters for the protection of global environment. Heat also radiated from our domestic refrigerator. This waste heat from refrigerator will affect the environmental because as heat in the environment will increases it will cause global warming. So it is necessary that a significant effort should be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. So An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for various of domestic and industrial purposes. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is very useful for domestic purpose. It is valuable alternative approach to increase overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has shown that such a system is technically feasible and economical. This system is a cabin that we are going to install over the head of the simple refrigerator, this cabin will be an arrangement of coils that will work as a heat exchanger for reuse of waste heat. These coils are hot coils of condenser of the refrigerator that will be modified and will put in the cabin. It can serve the purpose of cooking, geysers etc. Besides, the refrigerator may be used as conventional refrigerator. Further COP will also increase. Heat rejection may occur directly to the air in the case of a conventional household domestic refrigerator having air-cooled condenser. This system rejected less heat to the environment so it is safer in environmental aspects also.
Design &Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic RefrigeratorIJMER
Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
The document is a project report submitted by five students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It details the design, construction and testing of a refrigeration system that uses waste heat from an internal combustion engine as its energy source, instead of electrical power. The system employs an Electrolux vapor absorption refrigeration cycle, which is suitable for operating on low-grade heat. Diagrams and descriptions of the key components, such as the compressor, condenser and evaporator, are provided. The report also includes photographs documenting the building process.
IRJET- Comfort Cooling Application using Fixed Focus Solar Parabolic Dish...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses using solar thermal energy from a Scheffler dish concentrator to power a double effect vapor absorption machine (VAM) for comfort cooling applications.
2. A case study integrated a 320 sqm Scheffler dish collector with a VAM, reducing annual electricity use by 120,000 kWh and carbon emissions by 113 metric tons, with a payback period of 6-7 years.
3. Solar thermal cooling using VAMs can seamlessly integrate with existing electric chillers to provide comfort cooling, reducing fossil fuel usage and electricity consumption.
Automobile air-conditioning is a necessity of present life. vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in modern automobile and refrigerant 134a are available in automobile. The compressor of automobile air-conditioning is run by engine crankshaft, which reduces the mileage of the
automobile. Waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine are two type, one is direct type or thermal energy or waste heat direct converted into electrical energy by see back effect and other is indirect type waste heat is used for rankine cycle ,sterling cycle or refrigeration cycle.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF LITHIUM BROMIDE MIXTURE ON COP FOR SINGLE EFFECT L...Editor IJMTER
In this paper effect of concentration of lithium bromide mixture on Co-efficient of
performance (COP) for single effect LiBr-H2O absorption chillers is calculated. Then find out how
the cop varies with the concentration of lithium bromide. For finding cop temperature of condenser
varies and the other parameter (temperature of generator, temperature of absorber, capacity of
evaporator, temperature of evaporator temperature of absorber) remains constant. Optimal value of
COP obtained 0.65 varying temperature of condenser.
Recovery of Engine Waste Heat for Reutilization in Air Conditioning System in...Joel John
The document proposes recovering engine waste heat in an automobile to power an air conditioning system using vapor absorption refrigeration. It begins with an introduction discussing how air conditioning has become necessary in vehicles and how operating costs are increasing. It then reviews vapor compression and absorption refrigeration systems, engine cooling systems, and compares the two refrigeration methods. The objectives are to identify waste in traditional vapor compression systems, compare characteristics to the proposed vapor absorption system, and analyze strategies to reduce refrigeration costs in vehicles. A literature review found works on using exhaust heat for adsorption cooling but no significant work recovering engine heat for vehicle air conditioning.
This document summarizes a dissertation on the exergetic analysis of a two-stage lithium bromide/water vapor absorption refrigeration system. It provides background on absorption refrigeration and the motivation for improving efficiency. The dissertation aims to conduct an energy and exergy analysis of an actual double effect steam powered lithium bromide-water vapor absorption refrigeration system. It calculates values like exergy loss, COP, exergy efficiency and heat rate for each component. The effects of generator and evaporator temperature on COP and exergy efficiency are evaluated. Results show the irreversibility rate is highest in the generator, while lowest in the absorber and condenser. COP increases with evaporator temperature but exergy efficiency decreases. Average exer
“PRESENTATION ON SOLAR ASSISTED VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM”Bhagvat Wadekar
SUMMARY
The range of COP for the Solar VAdRS is 0.2 - 0.7. The development of adsorption system for refrigeration is promising. An overall thermodynamics-based comparison of sorption systems shows that the performance of adsorption systems depends highly on both the adsorption pairs and processes. The technology continues to develop and the cost of producing power with solar thermal adsorption refrigeration is falling. If the costs of fossil fuels, transportation, energy conversion, electricity transmission and system maintenance are taken into account, the cost of energy produced by solar thermal adsorption systems would be much lower than that for conventional refrigeration systems.
The intermittent system has its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantages such as long adsorption/desorption time have become obstacles for commercial production of the system. Hence, to compete with conventional vapor compression technologies, more efforts should be made in enhancing the COP and SCP. The environmental benefits of this technology and its non-dependence on conventional energy sources makes it highly attractive for further developments and a potential alternative to conventional systems in the future. The future of solar refrigeration and air conditioning seems to be a very good proposition and no doubt will find its place in future industrial applications. The major limiting factor at present is the shape of energy so as to make it available whenever it is required, for example at nights and extended cloudy days when we cannot attain a high enough temperature.
This document describes a waste heat recovery system from a domestic refrigerator. It discusses how part of the heat from the refrigerator condenser is wasted and can be utilized. The system designed recovers this waste heat using a heat exchanger and utilizes it to power a small oven. It provides details on the design of the heat exchanger and oven, fabrication of parts, results which show a 3.3% improvement in refrigerator COP, and concludes the system is technically feasible and economically viable for heat recovery from household refrigerators.
The document discusses different types of vapor absorption refrigeration systems, including a simple system using ammonia and water, a practical system with additional components, an Electrolux system using ammonia, water and hydrogen, and a lithium bromide system. It also covers the types of refrigerants used in these systems, including halocarbons, inorganic refrigerants, azeotropic refrigerants, zeotropic refrigerants and hydrocarbon refrigerants. Finally, it discusses the environmental effects of refrigerants such as ozone depletion and global warming.
Development of vapour absorption refrigeration system in vehiclesAshish Singh
This document discusses the development of a vapor absorption refrigeration system for use in vehicles. It begins with an introduction that explains vapor absorption and vapor compression refrigeration systems. The objectives are to lower the vehicle's temperature using waste heat from the engine. Literature on previous related projects is reviewed. The proposed system would use a generator heated by exhaust gases to power the vapor absorption cycle. Performance is analyzed considering temperatures and heat transfer. Components are specified and costs are estimated. A timeline is provided. The vapor absorption system could utilize otherwise wasted engine heat to provide cooling, reducing fuel costs compared to vapor compression.
This document provides a theoretical investigation of a solar energy driven combined power and refrigeration cycle that uses oil as the heat transfer medium. The cycle integrates a Rankine cycle for power production and an ejector refrigeration cycle for cold production. Thermodynamic analyses of the cycle were conducted to determine first law efficiency of 20% and second law efficiency of 11%. Key cycle components include a heliostat field, central receiver, heat recovery steam generator, turbine, evaporator, condenser and ejector. Effects of parameters such as steam temperature and evaporator temperature on cycle performance were examined.
Review of Vapour Absorption System and Vapour Compression System.IRJET Journal
This document reviews and summarizes literature on vapour absorption and vapour compression refrigeration systems. It discusses the basic principles and components of vapour absorption systems, including single effect and double effect cycles. It also discusses vapour compression systems and their four main components: evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion device. The document summarizes several research papers on improving the efficiency of these systems through various parameters and working fluids. It concludes that further research is needed on smaller vapour absorption systems and the energy analysis of compression-absorption systems.
IRJET- Optimization of Flat Plate Solar Collector with Novel Heat Collect...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing a flat plate solar collector with novel heat collecting components through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation. It focuses on applying an optimization technique to a flat plate solar collector using an aluminium heat collecting component consisting of a flat plate absorber integrated with heat pipes made of aluminium. The CFD simulation investigates the effect of water mass flow rate on the collector's collection efficiency. The results show that maximum efficiency is observed at an optimized flow rate of 0.15 kg/s. Temperature profiles from the simulation are presented and compared to experimental results, showing good agreement between the simulated and experimental variation of efficiency with water mass flow rate.
This document describes an experimental setup for a solar vapor absorption cooling system using a flat plate collector. The system consists of two main circuits: 1) A solar water heating system circuit that uses a flat plate collector to heat water which is then used in the generator. 2) A vapor absorption refrigeration circuit consisting of a generator, absorber, evaporator, condenser and solution heat exchanger, using an ammonia-water working fluid. Experimental results showed a temperature drop of 7-8°C in the evaporator and a coefficient of performance of 0.75-0.79 for the solar powered vapor absorption system, lower than the maximum theoretical COP of 3.11 but demonstrating the potential to produce refrigeration from solar energy
This document describes the design and fabrication of a solar powered lithium bromide vapor absorption refrigeration system. It uses lithium bromide and water as the working fluids, with solar energy powering the generator to separate the water vapor from the lithium bromide solution. The water vapor then condenses and evaporates to provide cooling, while the strong lithium bromide solution absorbs the water vapor back into a weak solution to complete the cycle. The document provides details on the system components, operating principles, and achievable COP between 0.7-0.8 using this environmentally friendly solar powered system.
IRJET- Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization for Air ConditioningIRJET Journal
The article discusses international issues. It mentions that globalization has increased economic interdependence between nations while also raising complex policy challenges. Cultural values and priorities sometimes differ between countries, requiring diplomacy and compromise to solve problems in a cooperative manner.
A Review on Design and Development of Three in One Air Cooling SystemIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of a proposed three-in-one air cooling system that uses evaporative cooling, desiccant cooling, and a heat and mass exchanger (HMX) to cool air without increasing humidity. The system combines direct and indirect evaporative cooling for higher effectiveness and lower energy consumption compared to vapor compression air conditioning systems. It also uses a desiccant wheel to control humidity. The HMX allows indirect evaporative cooling of a primary air stream through a wet secondary air stream to lower the temperature without increasing moisture content. This innovative three-in-one system could replace vapor compression systems to reduce electrical energy usage and emissions from air conditioning.
This document summarizes an assignment on absorption refrigeration technology. It discusses the history of absorption cycles dating back to the 1700s. It then covers the key principles of operation, including that absorption refrigeration systems use a binary solution of refrigerant and absorbent. Common working fluid combinations of water/NH3 and LiBr/water are described. Absorption refrigeration provides advantages over vapor compression, being able to use low-grade heat and reducing environmental impacts. While absorption systems have benefits, vapor compression still dominates due to performance and cost issues. Further development is needed to improve absorption refrigeration.
This document summarizes an assignment on absorption refrigeration technology. It discusses the history of absorption cycles dating back to the 1700s. It then covers the key concepts of absorption refrigeration including the principal of operation using a binary working fluid, desirable properties of working fluids, common working fluid pairs of water/NH3 and LiBr/water, and advantages over vapor compression systems. The conclusion discusses potential improvements like multi-effect cycles and combined ejector-absorption systems to promote greater use of absorption refrigeration.
This document provides an overview of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It describes:
1) The basic process by which refrigeration systems transfer heat from a cooler to warmer reservoir using a refrigerant and mechanical work.
2) The main types of refrigeration and air conditioning systems used in industry, including vapor compression, absorption cooling, and common refrigerants.
3) The typical components of a vapor compression system, including the evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion device, and the phase changes that occur in the refrigeration cycle.
It is possible to consider that adsorption systems can be alternative to reduce the CO2 emissions and electricity demand when they driven by waste heat or solar energy. Although, for a broader utilization the researches should continue aiming for improvements in heat transfer,reductions of new adsorbent compounds with enhanced adsorption capacity and improved heat and mass transfer properties.
This document reviews adsorption cooling systems. It introduces adsorption cooling and discusses traditional working pairs like silica gel/water as well as newer metal organic framework (MOF) materials like phthalic acid/water. The document outlines the basic process of an adsorption cooling system using a schematic and descriptions. It then reviews relevant literature on improving adsorption cooling system performance through better working pairs and adsorbent materials like MOFs. The conclusions discuss benefits of adsorption cooling like not requiring moving parts but also challenges like heat losses during the adsorption and desorption processes. Future work opportunities include enhancing heat transfer rates during these processes and optimizing adsorbent/adsorbate proportions and designs.
The document discusses improvements that can be made to the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. It describes how increasing sub-cooling and superheating of the refrigerant can improve the system's coefficient of performance and cooling capacity. Various techniques for sub-cooling and recovering expansion losses such as suction line heat exchangers, expanders, and ejectors are also summarized. The document also reviews natural refrigerants like air, water, hydrocarbons, ammonia, and carbon dioxide and assesses their properties and applications in refrigeration systems.
Review of Modified Vapor Absorption Refrigeration CyclesIRJET Journal
This document reviews various modifications made to vapor absorption refrigeration cycles to improve their performance. It discusses cycles that use an ejector, generator-absorber heat exchanger, booster compressor, or multiple absorption stages. The ejector cycle is found to have a 30% higher COP than a single-effect cycle. Generator-absorber heat exchanger cycles like the hybrid GAX cycle can achieve a COP as high as 0.98. A cycle with a booster compressor between the evaporator and absorber reaches a maximum COP of 0.645. The triple effect cycle demonstrates up to 132% higher COP than a single effect cycle. In general, modified cycles offer benefits like reduced losses, increased performance, and decreased energy consumption
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This document discusses heat exchangers and their optimization for co-generation units. It begins with an abstract discussing heat exchangers and their uses. It then discusses key factors that influence heat exchanger efficiency such as temperature differential, flow rate, and installation configuration. Common heat exchanger materials are also discussed. The document then focuses on co-generation and discusses past studies on optimizing heat exchangers for co-generation units through variables like number of tubes, tube diameter, and inlet velocity. The present work aims to obtain the best heat exchanger design for co-generation units by comparing efficiency under different parameters.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Air-Conditioner Works on Exhaust GasIRJET Journal
This document reviews a proposed air conditioning system for automobiles that uses an absorption refrigeration cycle powered by waste heat from the vehicle's exhaust gases, rather than the conventional vapor compression cycle driven by the engine. It begins with an introduction comparing vapor absorption and compression cycles. Then it discusses the proposed system using ammonia as the refrigerant and exhaust heat as the energy source. The remainder of the document reviews relevant literature on vapor absorption automobile air conditioning systems that also aim to make use of waste exhaust heat rather than engine power. It discusses several studies that analyzed systems using lithium bromide-water and ammonia-water working pairs to power absorption refrigeration cycles for automotive air conditioning.
Iirdem performance enhancement of vapour compression refrigeration system by ...Iaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes an experiment to enhance the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system using a thermoelectric module. The system uses LPG as the refrigerant. A thermoelectric module is used to provide subcooling of the refrigerant after condensation. Performance metrics like COP, refrigeration effect, and heat rejected by the condenser are calculated and compared at different system loads with and without subcooling. The results show that subcooling of 3°C using the thermoelectric module improves all the performance metrics and reduces compressor power consumption. This demonstrates that thermoelectric modules can enhance vapor compression refrigeration system performance.
The document describes an exergy analysis of an ice rink refrigeration system. The system uses R-134a as the refrigerant and circulates brine water beneath the ice surface. An exergy analysis was conducted on each component of the system, including the evaporator, condenser, compressor, expansion valve, and the overall system. The analysis aimed to identify where the greatest irreversibilities occur and estimate the exergy efficiency of components. This could help improve resource usage and emissions to work towards sustainable development. Key results included the exergy destruction and efficiency of each component, as well as identifying how variables like temperature and mass flow rate affect compressor work and heat loads.
Design and Fabrication of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System [Libr-H20]IJMER
Most of the energies are utilized by the industries due to depletion of fossil fuels and
increasing the fuel price to exploit the maximum presented energy from the waste heat source. The
industry which utilizes steam turbine exhaust carries a considerable amount of thermal energy. This
energy can be set in to positive use as a heat source for vapour absorption system to serves as cooling
system. This paper illustrates the thermal and fiscal advantages of using single effect lithium bromide
water absorption by means of waste heat. The objective of this work is to hypothetical design of lithium
bromide water absorption Refrigeration system using waste heat from any industry steam turbine
exhaust
This 4-week industrial training report document provides an introduction, index, and acknowledgements section. It discusses refrigeration and air conditioning topics including methods of refrigeration, units of refrigeration, vapor compression refrigeration system components, and applications of refrigeration. The document is submitted to fulfill requirements for a diploma in mechanical engineering. It is comprised of 3 sentences or less.
Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an...ijtsrd
Air conditioning system of car or buses works on principle of vapor absorption cycle of refrigeration VAR . This system reduces the fuel economy of fuel of vehicle. When vehicle moving with air conditioning, it consumes more amount of fuel than vehicle rubs without AC, typically, it consumes 15 to 20 more amount of fuel. Exhaust gases coming from engine of vehicle have temperature ranges to 300 to 400 degree centigrade at full load it carries 25 to 30 of heat supplied by fuel. For A.C. of an automobile, the heat of exhaust gases is utilized to run vapor absorption refrigeration cycle instead of vapour compression refrigeration system. Resulting, it improves fuel economy of A. C. heavy vehicle. In this project try to integrate the vapor absorption refrigeration system with car or bus or heavy vehicle engine exhaust. Comparative study has been carried out when car running with VCR and vapor absorption system of refrigeration. Dr. M. Sampath Kumar | Karthik Payam | Rajesh Medi | Srikanth Chennam | Aditya Mothukuri ""Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an Automobile Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23318.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23318/generation-of-air-conditioning-by-using-exhaust-gases-and-cooling-water-of-an-automobile-engine/dr-m-sampath-kumar
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