It is possible to consider that adsorption systems can be alternative to reduce the CO2 emissions and electricity demand when they driven by waste heat or solar energy. Although, for a broader utilization the researches should continue aiming for improvements in heat transfer,reductions of new adsorbent compounds with enhanced adsorption capacity and improved heat and mass transfer properties.
solar air-cooler full power point presentation
solar cooler ppt with 22 pages.
in that abstract, introduction ,source of energy , conventional energy, non-conventional energy, types of non-conventional energy , advantage disadvantage and all description are here.
In this presentation, we have described solar thermal collectors,
Concentrating collectors as well as non concentrating collectors, their working and their components.
Solar thermal energy is a great source of electricity and other energy which have great utility in day to day life. Learn about the solar energy in details here.
solar air-cooler full power point presentation
solar cooler ppt with 22 pages.
in that abstract, introduction ,source of energy , conventional energy, non-conventional energy, types of non-conventional energy , advantage disadvantage and all description are here.
In this presentation, we have described solar thermal collectors,
Concentrating collectors as well as non concentrating collectors, their working and their components.
Solar thermal energy is a great source of electricity and other energy which have great utility in day to day life. Learn about the solar energy in details here.
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumarrajaricky
The most emerging system in the field of utilization of solar energy by saving money with low payback period. Water heating technology is the old age technology but using solar energy as a energy source is viable and eco-friendly.
An attempt to spread a general awarness among the populace on basics of systems, taking the mystery out and Keeping it simply simple.
We are blessed with Solar Energy in abundance at no cost. The solar radiation incident on the surface of the earth can be conveniently utilized for the benefit of human society. One of the popular devices that harness the solar energy is solar hot water system (SHWS).
A solar water heater consists of a collector to collect solar energy and an insulated storage tank to store hot water. The solar energy incident on the absorber panel coated with selected coating transfers the heat to the riser pipes underneath the absorber panel.
The water passing through the risers get heated up and is delivered the storage tank.
The re-circulation of the same water through absorber panel in the collector raises the temperature to 80 C (Maximum) in a good sunny day. The total system with solar collector, storage tank and pipelines is called solar hot water system.
Solar water heater unit comprise several innovations for prefab modular homes and buildings. It's a mature alternative energy technologies well established for past many decades. Solar water heating systems use solar panels, called collectors, fitted on your roof. It do not pollute. Solar water heaters system provides supplies of hot water to the entire family of prefab modular homes and reduces the usage of electricity from the power grid and saves family on monthly utilities bill.
For more details regarding the subject, visit our zine website at: https://www.drmprefab.com/zine/green-energy/solar-water-heaters-for-homes
Fabrication and analysis of passive type Solar Water Heating System.
The system is manufactured in the workshop of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering,Science and Technology for fulfillment of my Bachelor Engineering Degree.
The system was successful by which good results ontained in winter season through thermosiphon water heating process with 40% efficiency.
A Complete Presenetation on "SOLAR WATER HEATER" By Himanshu Kumarrajaricky
The most emerging system in the field of utilization of solar energy by saving money with low payback period. Water heating technology is the old age technology but using solar energy as a energy source is viable and ecofriendly.
Solar water heaters use solar energy (sun light) to generate heat which used to heat water for home uses, industrial uses hotel or many places where hot water necessary. Solar water system is safe, efficient and eco- friendly system
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumarrajaricky
The most emerging system in the field of utilization of solar energy by saving money with low payback period. Water heating technology is the old age technology but using solar energy as a energy source is viable and eco-friendly.
An attempt to spread a general awarness among the populace on basics of systems, taking the mystery out and Keeping it simply simple.
We are blessed with Solar Energy in abundance at no cost. The solar radiation incident on the surface of the earth can be conveniently utilized for the benefit of human society. One of the popular devices that harness the solar energy is solar hot water system (SHWS).
A solar water heater consists of a collector to collect solar energy and an insulated storage tank to store hot water. The solar energy incident on the absorber panel coated with selected coating transfers the heat to the riser pipes underneath the absorber panel.
The water passing through the risers get heated up and is delivered the storage tank.
The re-circulation of the same water through absorber panel in the collector raises the temperature to 80 C (Maximum) in a good sunny day. The total system with solar collector, storage tank and pipelines is called solar hot water system.
Solar water heater unit comprise several innovations for prefab modular homes and buildings. It's a mature alternative energy technologies well established for past many decades. Solar water heating systems use solar panels, called collectors, fitted on your roof. It do not pollute. Solar water heaters system provides supplies of hot water to the entire family of prefab modular homes and reduces the usage of electricity from the power grid and saves family on monthly utilities bill.
For more details regarding the subject, visit our zine website at: https://www.drmprefab.com/zine/green-energy/solar-water-heaters-for-homes
Fabrication and analysis of passive type Solar Water Heating System.
The system is manufactured in the workshop of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering,Science and Technology for fulfillment of my Bachelor Engineering Degree.
The system was successful by which good results ontained in winter season through thermosiphon water heating process with 40% efficiency.
A Complete Presenetation on "SOLAR WATER HEATER" By Himanshu Kumarrajaricky
The most emerging system in the field of utilization of solar energy by saving money with low payback period. Water heating technology is the old age technology but using solar energy as a energy source is viable and ecofriendly.
Solar water heaters use solar energy (sun light) to generate heat which used to heat water for home uses, industrial uses hotel or many places where hot water necessary. Solar water system is safe, efficient and eco- friendly system
The requirement for basic health improvements in the developing countries can be greatly assisted by the use of cool storage for vaccines and perishable goods. There is an increasing requirement for refrigerators in rural areas, as there is insufficient power from power grid.
This project is to develop technology which optimizes and reduces the energy requirements. With this system the overall cost/performance ratio of a solar powered refrigerator can not only reduce but can also be beneficially used in high specification conventionally powered refrigerators in rural areas.
Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Roomijtsrd
The Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room is a refrigeration system that uses solar energy. It was embarked upon as a result of the epileptic power supply to the rural areas in the country and the absence of a grid supply to some locations where needed. The mobile cold comprises of the following components, the D.C compressor Danfoss BD92K , charge controller 40A, 12V , solar battery 12V, 200AH , solar panel 12V, 600watt and a 500litres compartment. The power is not supplied either from the national grid nor the generator system, but from the solar panel. The solar mobile cold room comprises of the solar panel that collects the solar energy. The solar panels convert the solar energy into electrical energy and stored it in the battery. During the normal running of the cold room, the power is supplied directly by the solar panel, but when the output power of solar panels is less, the additional power is supplied by the battery. The battery is recharged when excess amount of power is produced by the solar panels. The output supply of the batteries and the solar panel is DC with voltage of about 12V. A microcontroller was used to display the inner temperature of the freezer and also to protect the compressor by switching it off when the door is opened for a period of 60seconds. The charge controller is connected to the battery and solar panel to regulate the voltage from the solar panel for the charging of the battery, the supply from the battery is used in running the D.C compressor of the cold room in the absence of sunlight or when the sun intensity is low. The system is capable of running for 18 hours without the presence of sunlight when the battery is fully charged it also has a high storage capacity of 500litres and longer operation time as compared to previous solar refrigerators. Makinde Kayode | Man Alhaji Sulaiman | Amao Enock "Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28099.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/28099/design-and-fabrication-of-solar-powered-mobile-cold-room/makinde-kayode
Customer loyalty is a customer's willingness to buy from or work with a brand again and again, and it's the result of a positive customer experience, customer satisfaction, and the value of the products or services the customer gets from the transaction.
Existing customers spend 67% more than new customers. In short, customer loyalty really pays off -- and customer loyalty programs end up paying for themselves.
Brands want to provide great customer service so customers will continue subscribing or purchasing. But customer loyalty is paramount to brands' success -- because loyal customers can grow business faster than sales and marketing.
A STUDY OF JSW – AN INDIAN STEEL MANUFACTURING COMPANYKushal Shah
the world. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the actual condition and trend of the steel industry in India With Reference to Jsw Steel Company Growth. The steady growth of production and consumption indicates that India has set a higher growth path by the end of the decade. JSW Steel increased the size of its steel-making operations at a faster rate through both organic and inorganic routes. Currently, Jsw Steel in the midst of ramping up their operations further through the implementation of brownfield expansion projects. JSW Steel’s lower capital expenditure per tonnes leads to higher return profile. A lower gestation period and capex to set up a new facility lead to a higher return on capital and equity for JSW Steel. The franchise-based authorized retail format (Jsw Shoppe) create a sustainable differentiator for JSW Steel's exclusive value-added products and service offerings. Digital Marketing Through LinkedIn, Facebook and other Social Media to Interacting with Customer. Jsw Shoppe Is beneficial for not only Urban Market but for Rural Market Too. Jsw Steel Jsw Shoppe Case study use for Harvard case study of retail marketing. JSW Steel is also among the fastest-growing companies in India with 18.91% net sales of steel and 15% profit margin which is highest amongst steel industry competitors. JSW Steel has plans to increase its manufacturing capacity to 44-45 million tons per annum by 2030 from the present 19 million tonnes.
Steel Is Crucial to The Development of Any Modern Economy and It Is Considered the Backbone of Human Civilization India’s steel production grew 4.5% to its highest ever level of 106.5 million tonnes in FY18. JSW Steel, the flagship company of the JSW Group is one of India’s leading steel players with integrated steel manufacturing facilities. JSW Steel Prospects to increase the size of its steel-making operations at a faster rate through both organic and inorganic routes. Currently, JSW Steel in the midst of ramping up their operations further through the implementation of brownfield expansion projects. JSW Steel’s lower capital expenditure per tonnes leads to higher return profile. A lower gestation period and capex to set up a new facility lead to a higher return on capital and equity for JSW Steel. Analyze 10-year data of Indian steel Industry concerning Jsw steel. JSW Steel Net Sales and Profit growth Are positive & exponential in the last 10 Years From 2009-2018 With the help of Different Marketing Strategies digital marketing and Rural marketing. The franchise-based authorized retail format (Jsw Shoppe) create a sustainable differentiator for JSW Steel's exclusive value-added products and service offerings. Digital Marketing Through LinkedIn, Facebook and other Social Media to Interacting with Customer. Jsw Shoppe Is beneficial for not only Urban Market but for Rural Market Too. Jsw Steel Jsw Shoppe Case study use for Harvard case study of retail marketing. JSW Steel is also among the fastest-growing companies in India with 18.91% net sales of steel and 15% profit margin which is highest amongst steel industry competitors. JSW Steel has plans to increase its manufacturing capacity to 44-45 million tons per annum by 2030 from the present 19 million tonnes.
Jsw Steel Growth is tremendous and after 10 years the world will be recognized.
human resource in merger and acquisitionsKushal Shah
The Human Resource (HR) department plays a pivotal role in the process of merger and acquisition between two companies. ... Thus, HR plays a key role in managing all crises as well as disputes that may crop up in an organization, as and when the process of merger and acquisition sets off.
India is the largest provider of generic drugs globally. Indian pharmaceutical sector industry supplies over 50 per cent of global demand for various vaccines, 40 per cent of generic demand in the US and 25 per cent of all medications in the UK.
India enjoys an important position in the global pharmaceuticals sector. The country also has a large pool of scientists and engineers who have the potential to steer the industry ahead to an even higher level. Presently over 80 per cent of the antiretroviral drugs used globally to combat AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is supplied by Indian pharmaceutical firms.
Social Media Marketing Slide. Social Media Marketing is probably the most successful alternative to marketing.
Marketing strategies with the highest return on investment in digital marketing.
designing of distribution strategy, distribution marketing, distribution channel, marketing channel, channel sales, distribution channel management.
All this method is useful for business to retailers and retailers to the customer.
Laser Technology Limited (SLTL) - A pioneer in the field of lasers in India, caters to the need of various industries. The company offers pinnacle solutions with a wide range of laser system for diversified industrial applications such as: Cutting, Marking, Welding, Micro Machining, Solar Cell Scribing/ Cutting, Diamond processing and scanning, etc. SLTL is one of the few manufacturers in the world providing customized Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) laser solutions.
Hydraulic Jack is a device that uses force to lift heavy loads. The primary
mechanism with which force is applied varies, depending on the specific type of
jack, but is typically a screw thread or a hydraulic cylinder. Jacks can be
categorized based on the type of force they employ: mechanical or hydraulic.
Mechanical jacks, such as car jacks and house jacks, lift heavy equipment and are
rated based on lifting capacity (for example, the number of tons they can lift).
Hydraulic jacks tend to be stronger and can lift heavier loads higher, and include
bottle jacks and floor jacks.
This project and implementation is very useful for long journey vehicle and this setup
helps to raise vehicle by using battery or engine power. An automatic pneumatichydraulic jack comprises a mini air compressor and automatic hydraulic jack to serve
as an on-vehicle tool where as the power of the battery on the vehicle is used to drive
the mini air compressor which compresses air to serve as its primary force. The air
enters an entry channel from an air inlet nozzle and passes to an air chamber via a
changeover valve to push a small air-oil piston, thus converting air pressure into
hydraulic pressure on the other side of the piston which enters into a large hydraulic
cylinder via a check valve and pushes a large piston. The downward movement of the
small air-oil piston causes engagement with and turns the changeover valve, thus
connecting the air chamber channel to an exhaust channel and the entry channel to the
storage tank channel which enables the oil storage tank to supply the small hydraulic
cylinder with oil under pressure and make the small air-oil piston move upwards when
the small hydraulic cylinder is filled with oil, the small air-oil piston turns the
changeover valve to connect the air entry channel to the air chamber channel again,
thereby completing the cycle. Such reciprocation converts the air pressure into
hydraulic pressure to push the big piston which in turn, jacks up the vehicle. To lower
the vehicle, an oil return screw is turned to allow the oil to return to the oil storage tank
via a return channel
Cnc tooling for cnc machine(130670119596)Kushal Shah
we have seen what the NC machine is and its various
parts, it is easier to understand what the CNC machine is. CNC is
the short form for Computer Numerical control. We have seen that
the NC machine works as per the program of instructions fed into
the controller unit of the machine. The CNC machine comprises of
the mini computer or the microcomputer that acts as the controller
unit of the machine. While in the NC machine the program is fed
into the punch cards, in CNC machines the program of instructions
is fed directly into the computer via a small board similar to the
traditional keyboard.
The fixture used in cage at this time currently
gives 6 nailguns in one cycle.
This takes a lot of time to manufacture if the units
are more in quantity. Also bending occurs at the
tip of the nailguns due to load.
To resolve this problem, a new fixture is designed
which will give 10 nail guns at a time and reduce
the bend
Instruments for solar radiation measurement
Empirical equation for prediction of availability of solar radiation
Radiation on tilted surface
Types of solar collectors
kushsshah.blogspot.com
Fixture design for heat treatment of nail gunKushal Shah
Our main aim is to design a better fixture for fix the nail gun and remove all the failure of its
properties. We try to give even volume of heat to nail gun for strongly applied all the properties
of aluminum product (A356).now a days fixture designing is easy by the use of different
software of designing(cad,cam,cafd,solid works,creo,ansys) and also analysis(solid
works,creo,ansys) on them to check the efficiency of fixture(heat treatment fixture) in every
practical usage of fixture. cafd is the computer aided fixture design method which can be used
by every industrial, manufacturing company for fast working on them. We try to design a fixture
and compare with old one by usage of the softwares and analysis on nail gun fixture design. The
object of this invention is to fix the nail gun foe get even value of heat in furnace and don’t
remove its all properties.
Bigdata analysis in supply chain managmentKushal Shah
big data is larger, more complex data sets, especially from new data sources. These data sets are so voluminous that traditional data processing software just can’t manage them. But these massive volumes of data can be used to address business problems you wouldn’t have been able to tackle before.
supply chain industry need this type of data to survive in every situations.
I have to try to share some knowledge about the Indian health care sector. I have put some data to get more and more knowledge which can easily understand.
Sun pharma financial analysis 2008-2017Kushal Shah
This is the financial analysis of sun pharmaceutical india ltd..financial analyis is use for check all the profits and loss during 10 years.pharmaceutical sector affects on a particular pharma company.chages in corporate governance and csr activity can affect more on this analysis.some of the major ratios can affect on shareholders,competitiors.share holders watch it and buy and sell sun pharma companies share.so comment below after watch this ppt.thank you.
This presentation slide will give you the knowledge about cold storage in India,cost of cold storage,future of cold storage,opportunity to do business of cold storage in India.potential of India to do business of cold storage.
business meeting is the comman part in corporate use.this PowerPoint slide can use for steps use in business meetings in world.communications use in business meetings.types of business communication use in business meetings.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
1. Gujarat Technological University
( GTU)
SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research
A Report on
SOLAR REFRIGERATOR
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING – 2
B.E 3, Semester - 5
Submitted by
Sr Name of student Enrollment no.
1. Yashwin patel 130670119583
2. Shah shaimin 130670119598
3. Shah kushal 130670119596
Asst. pro. Akul patel
(Faculty guide )
Pro.S.M.Bhatt
(Head of the department)
Academic year
( 2015 -16 )
2. Introduction:
The solar refrigerator is the refrigeration system that runs on the solar energy.
They don'tuse domestic power supply, rather use power produced bythe solar
panels.
The solar refrigerator is the refrigeration system that runs on the solar energy. The solar
refrigerator comprises of all the traditional components like the compressor,
condenser, expansion valve and the evaporator or the freezer. The power is supplied
not by the domestic electrical supply system, but from the solar panel.
The solar system of the solar refrigerator comprises of the solar panel that collects the
solar energy. The solar panels are fitted with photovoltaic cells that convert the
solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the battery. During the normal
running of the solar refrigerator the power is supplied directly by the solar panel,
but when the output power of solar panels is less, the additional power is supplied
by the battery. The battery is recharged when excess amount of power is produced
by the solar panels.
The output supply of the batteries and the solar panel is DC with voltage of about 12. A
typical solar system produces 300W or 600W of power depending upon the size of the
desired refrigerator. The voltage regulator is connected to the battery to convert the low
voltage DC supply to high voltage AC supply to run the compressor. It is advantageous
to use the AC supply compressor since it can run on domestic electrical supply also.
Some of the solar refrigerators use compressors that can run directly on DC supply.
Another application where the solar energy can be very useful is the vapor absorption
refrigeration system. In these systems heat from the steam is used to heat water mixed
with lithium bromide or ammonia that act as the refrigerant. In these machines, the heat
produced by the steam can be replaced by the heat produced by solar energy.
AEIOU FRAMEWORK
AIEOU is an investigative tool to help interpret observation
gather by ethnographic practices in the filed.
It is an observation tool.
Its two primary function are to codedata, and to develop building blocks of
models that will ultimately adders the
objectives and issues of client.
AEIOU stands for 5 elements to be coded: Activity, Environment, Interaction, objects
and users.
3. ACTIVITIES
There are some activities indicated below:
1.it is used in cold storage capacity based on the weight of producethat can be stored will
depend on the storage density.
2. it can be controlthe humidity.
3. it always handle with care.
4. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric
voltage and vice versa.
4.
5. ENVIRONMENT
There is environmental concern regarding conventional refrigeration technologies
including contribution to Ozone layer depletion and global warming. Refrigeration which
contain ozone depleting and global warming substances such as chlorofluricarbons
(CFCs), in their insulation foam or their refrigerant cycle ,are the most harmful. After
CFCs were banned in the 1980s, they were replaced with substances suchas
hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs), which are ozone –depleting substances and
hydroflurocarbons. Both are environmentally destructive as potential global warming
chemicals.If a conventional destructive as potential global warming chemicals. If a
conventional refrigerator is inefficient or used inefficiently it will also contribute more to
global warming than a highly efficient refrigerator.The use of solar energy to power
refrigeration strives to minimize the negative refrigerators have on the environment.
6.
7. INTERACTION
Condensor :
Application areas include air conditioning,industrial chemical processes suchas
distillation,steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems.A device or unit used to
condensea substancefrom its gaseous to its liquid state.
Compressor:
Solar compressor offers numerous functions for manufacturers within the rapidly
growing area of mobile and stationary refrigeration. For example storage and
transportation of drugs, storage of food under difficult conditions without power supply,
ice cream stands in holiday resorts, remote bottle coolers, refrigerators in boats, just to
name a few.
Solarpanel:
Usually made up of p-n silicon semiconductors, aluminum or fiber glass. Fiber glass is
widely used. The solar panel used in the project is of 60W and 4A.The electricity for
heating coil is obtained from the solar panel.
8. Object:
In this solar refrigerator we use 1.compressor2.generator 3.absorber4.solar panel
5.coppercoil
1.compressor:
Solar compressoroffers numerous functions for manufacturers within the rapidly
growing area of mobile and stationary refrigeration.
2.generator:
Separate the dissolved ammonia from the water ammonia solutions.here solar panel is
used for the heating purpose.
3.absorber:
9. Used to store the mixture of water and ammonia in particular proportion.
4.solarpanel:
The solar panel used in the project is 60w and 4A.the electricity for heating coil is
obtained from the solar panel.
5.coppercoil:
We offer quality coppertubbing coil for refrigeration & air conditioning that are
available in a variety of tempers to suit the intented applications.
10. User
Domestic purpose : The solar refrigerator is the refrigeration system that runs on the
solar energy. The solar refrigerator comprise of all the traditional components like the
compressor,condenser,expansion valve and the evaporator or the frezzer.the power is
supplied not by the domestic electrical supply system,but from the solar panel.
The solar system of the solar refrigerator comprises of the panel that collects the solar
energy.the solar panels are fitted with photovoltaic cells that converts the solar energy
into electrical energy and store it in the battery.during the normal running of the solar
refrigerator the power is supplied directly by the solar panel.
Commercial purpose.
Jute industries
Food processing industries
Air conditioning machines.
Very efficient for higher load conditions.
Can work on lower evaporator pressures,without affecting the cop.
Smooth operation.
Less moving parts.
Uses low grade energy like heat Ex-exhaust from i.c. engine
11. LNM FRAMEWORK
LNM means learning needs matrix
It helps to identify the learning requirement at an early stage along with prioritization of
specific learning along with defined time duration for each learning priority.
LNM have four sections
1. Theories/Mathematical requirement
2. Software/tools
3. Principle and experiment
4. Materials
13. z
.
Chapter 2 :
Literatur survey
2.1.1. Summary
Over the last decade, some extremely "green" individuals have started
giving up arartificial refrigeration to save the Earth. Or at least to save a few
hundred kilowwatt-hours a year.
Most people think such a backward step in the evolution of modern
civilizreation is a bit uncalled for, but it does draw attention to the
drawbacks of modemodern refrigeration techniques. But there are other
options besides resigning yoursit self to warm beer. Solar-powered
refrigerators are pretty easy to come by these days, and they get around the
energy-consumption issues associated with traditi fridges. They also get
around the fact that 2 billion people around the globe have l has no access to
electricity in the first place .
Solar energy, often known as photovoltaics, is ubiquitous these days. Some
of us use it to power our homes; others buy carbon offsets that put money
into solar and wind power to offset traditional energy use (see How Carbon
Offsets Work). Solar panels sit atop buildings, homes and tents and power
cell-phone charg, radios and the International Space Station (ISS). These
technologies use photphotovoltaic (PV) cells to convert sunlight into
electricity. When sunlight strikes a PV cell, it heats the cell up. Heating the
cell causes electrons to knock loose, and these electrons are converted into a
stream of electricity, or current .
One of the most common solar-powered refrigerators on the market, the
NASA-licensed SunDanzer, uses this PV technology to power an otherwise
mmostly traditional refrigeration setup. But one of the most recent
ddevelopments uses "solar power" in a much more basic way. Conclusion
It is posset demand when idle to consider that absorption system can be
alternative to reduce the co2 emission and electricity demand when they
driven by ease heat or solar energy. Although, for a border utilization the
research should continue aiming for improvements in heat transfer reduction
of manufacturing costs and for the formulation of new absorbent compounds
14. with enhanced absorption capacity and improved heat and mass transfer
properties.
The condenser and evaporator must necessarily be cost of the system is
reduced. the collector since the system operates at low pressure, thus they
are located directly under the collector such that the refrigerator flow into
them by gravit, the absorption bed is the heart of the system and it has the
greatest effect on the performance of the system .a good design of the
generator leads to smooth operation of the system.a good design of the
generator leads to smooth operations and better results, so more attention
must be go to the design influences on the performances of the system.t he
absence of noisy components is also very important features that make this
type of system suitable for numerous applictions. johnson Space Center's
solar-powered refrigeration systememploys a PV panel, vapor compressor,
thermal storage and reservoir, and electronic controls. The process that
makes the refrigeration possible is the conversion of sunlight into DC
electrical power, achieved by the PV panel. The DC electrical power drives
the compressor to circulate refrigerant through a vapor compression
refrigeration loop that extracts heat from an insulated enclosure. This
enclosure includes the thermal reservoir and a phase change material. This
material freezes as heat is extracted from the enclosure. This process
effectively creates an "ice pack," enabling temperature maintenance inside
the enclosure in the absence of sunlight.
2.1.2 Advantages
The advantages of the solar refrigerator are similar to the ones offered by the
other solar energy devices. Since the solar refrigerator runs on solar energy
there is lots of saving of electrical power that would have been produced by
the conventional power plants causing lots of pollution. The solar energy is
available freely, abundantly and is a clean source of energy. One of
additional advantage is that the excess power produced by the solar
15. refrigerator can be used for the other domestic purposes.
The solar refrigerators can be very useful in far off remote places where there
is no continuous supply of electricity. In Maruata village, located on Mexican
Pacific Coast, the fishermen use solar refrigerator for keeping the fishs fresh
16. Chapter 3:
3.1.1 SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
The performance of solar refrigerators is sufficient for vaccine storage even in a very hot
climate, given appropriate equipment selection and proper installation.
Coefficientof Performance (COP):To know the performance there is determined an
equation
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
Useful cooling energy−
Net energy supplied by external sources
3.1.2 ERGONOMICS AND AESTHETIC
Ergonomics means man and machine intersection. In this machine there is very low
human effort in this machine because this machine all work is done by itself .human or
worker work is only inspect and on off machine and its worker.
Aesthetic is consider outer look of a machine this machine frame is black in color but all
other parts is not colored.
3.1.3 EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
This machine don’tuse any type of fuel or oil so there is not any pollution done by
this machine and also in this machine we use atmosphere air so there is not any effect
on environment.
It is also echo friendly.
17. There is environmental concern regarding conventional refrigeration technologies
including contribution to Ozone layer depletion and global warming. Refrigeration
which contain ozone depleting and global warming substances such as
chlorofluricarbons (CFCs), in their insulation foam or their refrigerant cycle ,are the
most harmful. After CFCs were banned in the 1980s, they were replaced with
substances suchas hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs), which are ozone –depleting
substances and hydroflurocarbons. Both are environmentally destructive as potential
global warming chemicals.If a conventional destructive as potential global warming
chemicals. If a conventional refrigerator is inefficient or used inefficiently it will also
contribute more to global warming than a highly efficient refrigerator.The use of solar
energy to power refrigeration strives to minimize the negative refrigerators have on the
environment. There is environmental concernregarding conventional refrigeration
technologies including contribution to Ozone layer depletion and global warming.
Refrigeration which contain ozone depleting and global warming substances suchas
chlorofluricarbons (CFCs), in their insulation foam or their refrigerant cycle ,are the
most harmful. After CFCs were banned in the 1980s, they were replaced with
substances suchas hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs), which are ozone –depleting
substances and hydroflurocarbons. Both are environmentally destructive as potential
global warming chemicals.If a conventional destructive as potential global warming
chemicals. If a conventional refrigerator is inefficient or used inefficiently it will also
contribute more to global warming than a highly efficient refrigerator.The use of solar
energy to power refrigeration strives to minimize the negative refrigerators have on the
environment.
Cost:
Costof the solar refrigeration is higher..it is about 1400to 1500 dollars.
Due to the costit is mostly not used by the people.
But it is echonomial to environment so it must be used.
Assembly:
18.
19. Chapter 4:
DesignCalculation
Designof solarpoweredsolid adsorption system
Designof Adsorbent bed
Adsorbentbed is the most important part of the solar refrigerator and hence the
performance of the solar refrigerator depends highly on the characteristics of the
adsorbentbed. Generally speaking a good adsorbentbed must have good heat and mass
transfer. Recent research showed that the aluminum alloy have a stronger catalytic effect
on the decompositionreaction under the solar adsorptionrefrigeration ,therefore stainless
steel is used as adsorbentheat transfer metal instead of aluminum alloy although stainless
steel has poorheat transfer ability than that of aluminum alloy. The adsorbentbed is
made of flat plate stainless steel box, having surface area 1 𝑚2
, also 19kg adsorbent is
charged and sealed inside the steel plate box, then selective coating is covered on top
surface of the steel platebox.The permeability of the fiber plastic plate for solar radiation
is about .92, which is higher than that of glass. For better heat transfer many fins are
placed inside the adsorbentbed box in contact with the front side and the activated
carbon. The distance is .15 and thickness of adsorbentlayer is .04m.
Designof condenser:
Condenser we have used is readymade condenserand specifications of the same area as
below:
Manufacturer: Galaxy Enterprises
Dimensions of condenser: 355.6mm*368.3*129mm
Tube material : coppermaterial
Tube diameter (inlet/outlet) : 15.87mm
Tube diameter (condenser) : 9.525mm
20. Total length of one tube : 5337.048mm
Number of tubes used : 4
Fin material : Aluminum
Total number of fins : 165
Designof Evaporator:
The evaporator must have sufficient volume to collect the entire condensed methanol. In
order to enhance the heat transfer effect the heat exchange surface is designed as a series
of four trapezoidal cells. The dimension of the evaporator is 300mm*300mm*100mm.
21. Chapter : 5
Conclusion & Future scope
It is possible to consider that adsorptionsystems can be alternative to reduce the CO2
emissions and electricity demand when they driven by waste heat or solar energy.
Although, for a broader utilization the researches should continue aiming for
improvements in heat transfer,reductions of new adsorbentcompounds with enhanced
adsorption capacity and improved heat and mass transfer properties.
There are no valves used in this system thus the costof the syste is reduced.The
condenserand evaporator must necessarily be close to each other and to the collector
since the system operates at low pressure ,thus they are located directly under the
collector such that the refrigerant flows into them by gravity. The adsorption bed is the
heart of the system. A good design of the generator leads to smoothoperation and better
results ,so more attention must be go to the design influence on the performance of the
system. The absence of noisy components is also very important features that make this
type of system suitable for numerious applications.
120
The units of energy production can be developed in the various regions by using
thermoelectric modules. In these days the society face the energy crisis but also the
harmful effects of pollution. The thermoelectricity is a “Green Technology” to generate
electricity without any harmful effect. The educational institutions, furnace regions,
metro cities, industrial areas, universities and other locations can be selected for the
establishment of suchenergy centers where the waste heat can be easily available and can
be recycled after conversion to the same system.
The present research work is oriented for the generation of thermo emf by utilizing the
waste heat contents. This work also implies for the utilization of electric field, magnetic
field and stress which can exist already in the operating conditions or can be applied
externally for better results. The orientation of the thermoelectric modules (parallel or
perpendicular) can also be considered related to the strength of external parameters. In
this work not only the classical thermoelectric materials are considered as the thermo
generation elements but the well known Resistive Temperature Detective (RTD) and
advanced semiconducting materials (Bi, Pb, Te) are also considered as thermo generator
elements. So there is a wide range of energy generation characteristics. In the classical
thermocouples the Fe-Constantan, among the RTD materials the type E thermocouples
and in the pallets the Pb3Te3 is a good energy converter. Thermo emf generation for each
of the pallet in the magnetic field is slightly enhanced than that of their normal mode
22. performance. First rank can be assigned to the pallet Pb3Te3 in which the output thermo
power is improved by several orders. Its
121
conversion efficiency also increases with increase in the strength of the applied electric
field strength. Hence the research work provides the way to overcome the energy crisis
in future without any special production of heat but only by the utilization of the
available waste heat by the properselection of materials and operating parameters;
which is free from any type of the pollution or complexities. The reliable thermoelectric
equipments/modules can be framed of these materials in the selective orientations of
electric or magnetic fields.
There is a variety of temperature sensing systems in each of the engineering and
industrial areas which can be categorized according to the requirements and the range
of temperatures to be measured. In high temperature situations (molten state of
materials, separation of ores etc.) the Resistive Temperature Detective (RTD) materials
are generally used which are basically thermocouples, works on Seebeck Effect. This
research work puts a protestfor the alteration of these temperature accuracies due to the
effect of electric and magnetic fields, which are generally present in such operating
conditions and affect the thermoelectric properties. Hence, this research work inspires
for the consideration of effect of such external parameters for the precise
measurements; to seek the reliability of a system.
Thermoelectric devices achieved an importance in recent years as viable solutions
for applications such as spotcooling of electronic components, remote power
generation in spacestations and satellites etc. These solid state thermoelectric devices
are free from moving parts, having good reliability however their efficiency depends on
the selection of materials. Such devices with higher efficiency can be implemented for
refrigeration also. Actually the combination of Seebeck Effect and Peltier Effect is the
122
absolute advent for such refrigeration. If heat from solar energy is provide as the input to
this implementation the cooling will be the output. Surely this research work will be an
idea for better refrigeration and becomes an effort to overcome the energy crisis by the
means of refrigeration from waste heat. In the instruments like computers, laptops,
dynamos and vehicles the low grade waste heat can be utilized for cooling and can also
be recycled to improve their performances. To reduce the thermal conductivity the heat
resistant membranes can also be used. In a large number of devices metallic blocks are
used, which causes eddy currents due to non uniform magnetic fields. If these magnetic
fields are synchronized to the thermo coupled devices then it is observed that the thermo
emf will enhanced. This results to more cooling without any extra input. Such
thermoelectric cooling devices can be applied to industries, buildings of hot regions and
to the houses in summer. However, they require some modifications related to their size
23. and the selection of materials but their cheapness, eco friendly nature, no cause to global
warming are enough inputs to motivate the engineers for their implementations in almost
all the suitable applications of daily life in near future.