This document discusses the need for geographical indication (GI) policy in Southeast European countries. It provides an overview of GI protection under international law and EU regulations. It examines issues around collective action and the development of GI products in Central and Eastern European countries. Case studies of paprika and salami from Hungary are presented to illustrate challenges in establishing GI protection, including product definitions, institutions, and enforcement. The document emphasizes that traditions and cultural heritage provide potential for agro-food sectors if supported by the right market and policy approaches.
Develop the agrifood trade (especially the fruit & vegetables sector) in an i...Francois Stepman
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Scenarios prevailing in Textile industry all over the world, various standards, role of WTO.
Various Safety measures and standards followed all over world.
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Develop the agrifood trade (especially the fruit & vegetables sector) in an i...Francois Stepman
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Presentation of Mr Jeremy Knops, DG Coleacp: the expertise and support COLEACP can provide for agrofood entrepreneurs.
Scenarios prevailing in Textile industry all over the world, various standards, role of WTO.
Various Safety measures and standards followed all over world.
Big Data PPP Industrial Data Platforms - Towards cross-sectorial optimization and traceability
To start identifying synergies and to learn how different projects will address key data collection, sharing, integration, and exploitation challenges, a series of webinars have been organized under the umbrella of this Big Data Value PPP. These webinars are also organized by BDVA, BDVe project, and other projects which are part of this PPP.
Diversity of institutional framework for GI systems/markets according to the ...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/in-action/quality-and-origin-program/en
Diversity of institutional framework for GI systems/markets according to the potential evolutions of the international trade regime, by Gille Allaire (INRA), Dominique Barjolle (Agridea), Talis Tisenkops (University of Latvia) (English)
IMPROVING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF NIGERIA’S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS THROUGH G...Sand Mba
The presentation made during a two days 3rd Non-Oil Exporter Dialogue meeting held in Lagos, Nigeria on the 3rd and 4th of July 2018, which was organized by Policy Development Facility Phase 2 (PDFII), a UKaid funded programme. The 2 days Dialogue meeting had over 100 non-oil exporters in attendance. My presentation was to introduce Geographical Indication to participants and the need for Nigeria to leverage it for trade competitiveness.
This is my assignment done during my master's degree in Management of Bioeconomy Innovation and Governance to produce a poster on recent debates and issues in Bioeconomy sector.
Many goods possess their particular properties due to their geographical origin.
GI is the best method to indicate the geographical origin of goods and services.
Many agricultural products; dairy products, wines and spirits owe their special quality and reputation to their geographical place of growth or processing.
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (ISO/IEC 7498-1) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the internal functions of a communication system by partitioning it into abstraction layers. The model is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection project at the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
seminar on SMART GRID is the best seminar of my branch
technology based on smart to integration of information technology on traditional power system
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.
Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.
A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
1. Be able to heal itself
Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures.
2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.
3. Resist attack
Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.
4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
5. High quality power
Outages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of
Diversity of institutional framework for GI systems/markets according to the ...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/in-action/quality-and-origin-program/en
Diversity of institutional framework for GI systems/markets according to the potential evolutions of the international trade regime, by Gille Allaire (INRA), Dominique Barjolle (Agridea), Talis Tisenkops (University of Latvia) (English)
IMPROVING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF NIGERIA’S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS THROUGH G...Sand Mba
The presentation made during a two days 3rd Non-Oil Exporter Dialogue meeting held in Lagos, Nigeria on the 3rd and 4th of July 2018, which was organized by Policy Development Facility Phase 2 (PDFII), a UKaid funded programme. The 2 days Dialogue meeting had over 100 non-oil exporters in attendance. My presentation was to introduce Geographical Indication to participants and the need for Nigeria to leverage it for trade competitiveness.
This is my assignment done during my master's degree in Management of Bioeconomy Innovation and Governance to produce a poster on recent debates and issues in Bioeconomy sector.
Many goods possess their particular properties due to their geographical origin.
GI is the best method to indicate the geographical origin of goods and services.
Many agricultural products; dairy products, wines and spirits owe their special quality and reputation to their geographical place of growth or processing.
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (ISO/IEC 7498-1) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the internal functions of a communication system by partitioning it into abstraction layers. The model is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection project at the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
seminar on SMART GRID is the best seminar of my branch
technology based on smart to integration of information technology on traditional power system
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.
Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.
A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
1. Be able to heal itself
Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures.
2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.
3. Resist attack
Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.
4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
5. High quality power
Outages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of
Presentation held by Johann Kirsten, Head, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Pretoria, at the Brussels Briefing ‘Geography of food: reconnecting with origin in the food system’, organized by CTA on 15th May 2013.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
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Rosegrant, Mark; Spielman, David; and Falck-Zepeda, Jose. 2023. Agricultural Biotechnology: Potential, Constraints, and Policy Environment. PowerPoint presentation given to students of AG 4390/AG 5371: Global Agriculture Leadership Academy. Department of Agriculture, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, March 30, 2023.
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The need for GI policy in South-eastern European countries
1.
2. FAO Technical Seminar
Quality food products linked to
geographical origin
The need for GI policy inThe need for GI policy in
SouthSouth--eastern European countrieseastern European countries
Barna Kovács Ph.D.
3-4. December 2008.
Belgrade, Serbia
3. FAO Technical Seminar
Content of the Presentation
The History of Protection of GIs
The Definition of GIs
The EU oriented CEE
Final Remarks
4. 4FAO Technical Seminar
Geographical Indications inGeographical Indications in
International LawInternational Law
1. The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property (1883)
173: AL, BIH, BG, CZ, EST, HU, LV, LT, MK, MD, CG, RO, PL
2. The Madrid Agreement on Indications of Source
(1891)
35: BG, CZ, HU, CG, PL, MD, SRB, SK
3. The Stresa Convention (1951)
4. The Lisbon Agreement on Appellations of Origin
(1958)
26: BG, CZ, GE, HU, CG, MD, RO, SRB, SK
5. The Olive Oil Agreement (1963)
40: HR, SRB, CG, EU
5. The EU – Australia Wine Agreement (1994)
6. Switzerland-EU, South Africa - EU agreements
7. The TRIPS Agreement (1994)
5. 5
The GI in TRIPThe GI in TRIPSS agreementagreement
According to the concept of Geographical Indication
defined in the TRIPS Agreement (Art. 22.1), GIs are
not necessarily:
• geographical names
• protected by any special means of legal protection (e.g. legal
provisions out of the usual laws on business practices,
trademarks, protection against misleading, unfair competition, or
even legal provisions implementing the minimum requirements of
the section on GIs of the TRIPS Agreement)
• recognized by any special institutional frame.
FAO Technical Seminar
6. 6
SINERSINER--GIGI TAXONOMY OF DIFFERENT TYPESTAXONOMY OF DIFFERENT TYPES
OF PRODUCTS LINKED TO THE TERRITORYOF PRODUCTS LINKED TO THE TERRITORY
FAO Technical Seminar
SINER-GI 7th Framework EU
Project: www.origin-food.org
9. 9
The scope of protection in EUThe scope of protection in EU
1. To stop the direct and indirect general commercial use of the
geographical name.
2. To stop any misuse, imitation or evocation, even if the true
origin of the product is indicated; or if the protected name is
translated or accompanied by an expression such as “style”,
“type”, “method”, “as produced in”, “imitation” or similar;
3. To stop other false or misleading indication as to the origin,
nature or essential qualities of the product (on the inner or
outer packaging, advertising material or documents relating
to the product concerned, and the packing of the product in a
container liable to convey a false impression as to its origin);
4. To stop any other practice liable to misleading the consumer
as to the true origin of the product
FAO Technical Seminar
10. 10
The EU oriented CEE countriesThe EU oriented CEE countries
10+2 new member states in the moment of
accession:
- „Harmonized” EU legislation
- „Controversial” national legislation
- „International protection”
FAO Technical Seminar
11. 11
TheThe market economymarket economy orientedoriented
CEE countriesCEE countries
1. What was expected?
– The valorification of the good agro-food
potential
2. What was achieved?
– Fragile and totally open economy
3. What kind of failures?
– The role of individual
– The „institution” building
FAO Technical Seminar
12. 12
The foreign direct investments entered -contrary to
expectations- into industries
• with a safe home market (e.g. tobacco
industry),
• single product lines ( e.g. sugar
industry),
• standard technology ( e.g. starch
industry),
• mono- or oligopolistic position (e.g.
brewery industry).
FAO Technical Seminar
13. 13
The new member statesThe new member states
and the accessionand the accession
Expectations:
Stability of agricultural
policies
Stability of markets
Stability of incomes
The reality
2003 CAP reform / Single
Payment Scheme
Liquidity problems
Serious marketing difficulties
Continuous review of the CMOs
(‘silent reforms’)
Sugar
Wines
Fruits and vegetables
Cereals intervention
Partial or full decoupling of top-
ups in 2007
Health Check & budgetary
review
FAO Technical Seminar
14. 14
The context of accessionThe context of accession
General level:
• Quality, policies, agro-food markets, trends,
sectors.
• Theoretical approaches: supply chain, rural
development, environment, consumers/citizens
Specific level:
• Collective action and actors
• Theoretical approaches: impact of GIs on
special protection schemes
FAO Technical Seminar
15. 15
ParadigmsParadigms
FAO Technical Seminar
• Internationalization versus regionalization
– Regionally differentiated, local products
– Regional trademarks, certification marks, signs of
origin etc.
• Modernization versus rural development
– The „region” is not just a physical place
– The culinary knowledge and cultural code
• „Special quality” versus „quality”
– Consumer oriented quality dimensions versus
product, production, control oriented quality
dimensions
16. 16
Disagreement on consensusDisagreement on consensus
• How to measure performance?
• Is there a strong relationship between land
reform and agricultural performance?
• Are there economies of scale in agriculture that
put family farms at a disadvantage in comparison
to larger private farms? Are economies of scale
really the main determinant of farm size?
• Do family farms perform better than corporate
farms?
• How important are the institutions?
FAO Technical Seminar
17. 17
Approaches of interpretation andApproaches of interpretation and
protection of GIprotection of GI
Ruptures:
• Case Law (competition law) against Pre-
definition (appellation de origin)
• Nordic countries versus southern
countries (Anglo-Saxon versus Roman)
• Communism versus capitalism (the
property of everybody – the property of
nobody)
FAO Technical Seminar
18. 18
The need for a Public PolicyThe need for a Public Policy
1. The link between OLPs and the supply
chain.
2. The link between OLPs and rural
development.
3. The link between OLPs and consumers.
4. The link between OLPs and
environment.
FAO Technical Seminar
21. 21
EUEU CertifiedCertified AgroAgro--foodfood GIGI ProductsProducts
in thein the CEECEE
The Council Regulation covers 2 approaches:
1. Protected Designations of Origin (PDO):
originate in the geographical area,
a specific quality essentially or exclusively due to a particular
geographical environment,
production, processing and preparation in the defined geographical
area.
2. Protected Geographical Indications (PGI):
originate in that geographical area,
a specific quality, reputation or other characteristic must be
attributable to that geographical environment,
production and/or processing and/or preparation in the defined
geographical area.
FAO Technical Seminar
22. 22
EUEU CCertifiedertified AgroAgro--food Products infood Products in
the CEEthe CEE
The Council Regulations covers 2 more approaches
-beside the protected GIs- of the quality:
1. TRADITIONAL SPECIALITIES
GUARANTEED
Traditional specialty,
the special quality is not linked with geographical area.
2. ORGANIC FARMING
Organic production,
a specific quality linked with the production.
FAO Technical Seminar
25. 25
TheThe „„SalamiSalami”” casecase
• Monopolistic market
• Product definition
• Protection levels
• TM vs. GI
• PDO vs. PGI
• The Hungaricum
FAO Technical Seminar
26. 26
Some aspects of distortionsSome aspects of distortions
• „Property rights”
• Product definition
• Raw material – linked to origin
• Legal background
– Name use
– Fito-sanitary-veterinary
• Information flow
• Collective action
• Policy and Institution building
• Enforcement - control
FAO Technical Seminar
27. 27
Final remarksFinal remarks
• During the transition period for the market economy the
NMS were not able to „rediscover the possibilities” given
by GI product supply chains.
• The impact of enlargement on certain markets has not
been unambiguously positive.
• There are a few hundred thousands farmers in the new
member states living in a GI area without market access.
• There is a need for a longer term policy outlook in the EU
to give (less-favoured) farmers the certainty they need to
run their „businesses” competitively.
• Rural development must be involved in the establishment
of new institutions (rules-policies) on the market of GI
products.
• The governamental policy must provide an opportunity
for agricultur-, rural development-, market and consumer
policy harmonization regarding the recognized GIs.
FAO Technical Seminar
28. FAO Technical Seminar
…the development of the agro-food sector, the
enhancement of the small and medium-size
enterprises’ competitiveness is not necessarily
or exclusively conditioned by large-scale
industrial investments.
We would rather emphasize that traditions and
habits are part of cultural heritage, therefore
they change extremely slowly, allowing only
scarce possibility for innovation. However,
their potential is huge, which can be
explored, if an adequate market approach
accompanies them.