This document discusses improving the global competitiveness of Nigeria's agricultural products through geographical indications (GIs). It begins by defining GIs and providing examples of registered GIs in selected countries. Nigeria currently has no registered GIs, despite having agricultural products that could benefit. The document then outlines challenges to establishing GIs in Nigeria and proposes both top-down and bottom-up approaches to developing Nigeria's first GI products. It emphasizes the need for awareness, capacity building, identification of potential GI products, and establishing rules and organizations to manage certification. GIs can generate rural income, market access, and national pride if Nigeria takes action to adopt this tool.

1. IMPROVINGGLOBAL COMPETITIVENESSOF
NIGERIA’SAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSTHROUGH
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS (GIs)
Presentationat the 3rd Non-oil Exporter Dialogue
Theme: Enhancing Trade Across Borders
Sheraton hotels, Alausa, Ikeja,Nigeria
3rd & 4th July. 2018
Sand Mba Kalu
Executive Director
Africa International Trade and Commerce Research
Trade | Research| Invest in Africa | Policy

2. STAKEHOLDERAWARENESSOF GIs
Past event awareness Survey: Have you ever heard of the word Geographical
Indications(GIs) prior to the event?

3. • A "geographical indications" (GIs) is the name of a product(s) where a
given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the product(s) is
essentially attributable to its local origin.
DEFINITIONOF GIs

4. • GI Started gaining international recognition during the
Paris Convention on the Protection of Intellectual
Property in 1883.
GIsFACTSHEET
The word “Protected Geographical Indication”
emanated from series of World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) agreements

5. • Consumers: Increasing demand worldwide for unique origin products
featuring a ´connect´ with their heritage.
• Encourage: A growing number of local agricultural products,
worldwide, be registered as GIs.
• Strategic: GIs is being considered as a tool to support the
achievement of food security
GLOBALDEVELOPMENTOF GIs

6. • Protected Geographical indication (PGI): Product whose
reputationor characteristics is closely linked to production in
the geographical area.
• ProtectedDesignationof Origin (PDO): Is the term given to a
product that is produced, processed and prepared in a
defined geographicalarea using recognized know-how.
• Government labelling and certification rules, trade mark,
country label, etc
CATEGORIES OF GIs

7. REGISTEREDGIs IN SELECTEDCOUNTRIES
• Country • Number of GI
• EU • 4915 +
• India • 282
• China • 2790
• Thailand • 87
• USA • 206
• Brazil • 59
• Cameroun • 2
• Nigeria • 0

8. • EU- GIs agriculture products worth about €54.3 billion worldwide,
2012
• EU-GIs products Represent 15% of total food and drinks exports.
• Over the period 2005-2010: 56% of EU food and agricultural
products have GIs protected names- (€30.4 billion)
• EU Agricultural products and foodstuffs is 29% GIs (€15.8 billion)
WORLDWIDEVALUEOF GIs

9. • What is 10+10 products
bilateral agreement entered
between EU and China in
2012?
DESIGNATION COUNTRY TYPE OF PRODUCT
COMTÉ France Cheese
GRANA PADANO Italy Cheese
PRIEGO DE CÓRDOBA Spain Olive oil
PROSCIUTTO DI PARMA Italy Ham
PRUNEAUX D'AGEN/PRUNEAUX
D'AGEN MI-CUITS
France Dried fruit
ROQUEFORT France Cheese
SCOTTISH FARMED SALMON United Kingdom Salmon
SIERRA MÁGINA Spain Olive oil
WEST COUNTRY FARMHOUSE
CHEDDAR
United Kingdom Cheese
WHITE STILTON CHEESE/BLUE
STILTON CHEESE
United Kingdom Cheese
EU AND CHINA10+10GIs PRODUCTS
It is the registration of 10
renowned European products
in the official AQSIQ Chinese
GIs register

10. • In the EU the following 10 Chinese GIs products have been added to
the GI register
Designation Latin Transcription Type of product Type Registration date
平谷大桃 Pinggu Da Tao peach PDO 09/11/2012
盐城龙虾 Yancheng Long Xia crayfish PGI 17/08/2012
镇江香醋 Zhenjiang Xiang Cu rice vinegar PGI 14/06/2012
东山白卢笋 Dongshan Bai Lu Sun asparagus PGI 30/11/2012
金乡大蒜 Jinxiang Da Suan garlic PGI 01/11/2011
龙井茶 Longjing cha tea PDO 11/05/2011
琯溪蜜柚 Guanxi Mi You honey pomelo PDO 11/05/2011
陕西苹果 Shaanxi ping guo apple PDO 11/05/2011
蠡县麻山药 Lixian Ma Shan Yao yam PGI 11/05/2011
龙口粉丝 Longkou Fen Si vermicelli/noodles PGI 30/10/2010
CHINATO EU 10+10GIsPRODUCTS

11. Nigeria – has a remarkably
diverse agricultural produce
that can make us very
competitive
NIGERIAGIsCOMPETITIVENESS

12. Yam
Kola nut
Ugu
Egusi
Fura
Ijebu garri
Pepper
Awori Mat
Nigeria Arts & Craft
POTENTIALGIsIN NIGERIA

13. • Quality assurance: Consumers are assured of buying genuine product
with specific qualities
• Preservation of cultural heritage
• Support Environmental sustainability
BENEFITTO CONSUMERS

14. • Poverty elimination: GIs agricultural product will support the
elimination of poverty among producers
• Fair competition: To all local producers only that comply with the
specification
• Protection: Local producers are protected from infringement
• Price premium: a study on GIs products found that GIs label
products are sold (in average) 2.23 times as high as a comparable
non-GIs products
GIsBENEFITTO PRODUCERS

15. • Link premium market to valuable products of rural areas: production
cannot be delocalised to another area.
• National Identity and Pride
• Foreign revenue earning and contribution to GDP
• Job creation and employment opportunity assured for future
generations
• Protect tradition, norms and culture
GIsBENEFITSTO NIGERIA

16. 1. Poor awareness and lack of information
2. Institutional challenges – deficient IP laws
3. Resource challenge – Human and material
4. Generic challenge
5. Lack of comprehensive database
6. Framework for protection
CHALLENGESOF ESTABLISINGGIs
PRODUCTSIN NIGERIA

17. • Developing 10 years strategic plan…
……….THROUGH TOP- DOWN APPROACH
………..THROUGH BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
GOINGFORWARD-HOWCAN WE DEVELOP
NIGERIAGI PRODUCTS
There are three main ways to start the
protection of a geographical indication:
•so-called sui generis systems (i.e.
special regimes of protection);
•using collective or certification marks;
and
•methods focusing on business
practices, including administrative
product approval schemes.

18. • Creating awareness and Capacity Building
• Make GI issue a National policy priority agenda
• Independent study (empirical evidence) to support the database
• Adopt GI protocols to protect Nigeria GI products
• Secure Nigeria full Membership of The African Regional Intellectual
Property Organization (ARIPO). And sensitize Nigerians about World
Intellectual Property Organisation protocols
• Start engaging bilateral and multilateral agreements on Nigeria GI products
• …..but
It is possible to registerGI with minimal governmentinvolvement
ADOPTINGTOP-DOWNAPPROACH
(GOVERNMENTLEAD)

19. 1. Initiate step: Awareness, Capacity building (community of practice),
stakeholders mapping, Consultation and Participatory discussions.
2. Identification: Descriptions of territory, Assessment of available
resources, unique characteristics of local food, peculiar production
system and marketability of the product.
3. Setting of rule: Detail product description, Analysis of entry barriers,
defining roles.
4. Reappraisal and Marketing – building organization to submit and
manage the GI for proper certification and recognition.
ADOPTINGBOTTOM-UP APPROACH
(NON-GOVERNMENTLEAD)

20. • Awareness and Capacity building
• GI is Key to generating local rural areas viable- Market Access
• Stakeholders have to mobilize farmers/producers towards the
identification of GIs
• Push for advocacy so government can adopt proactive measures
towards GIs
• Establishment of National database through research that link
agricultural GI produce in Nigeria
• Lets take Action Now!
CONCLUSION

21. Thank you

22. Contact detail:
Name: Sand MbaKalu
Tel: +2348147429461
Email:sand@africainternationaltrade.com,
msandy522@gmail.com
web: www.africainternationaltrade.com
www.facebook.com/africainternationaltrade
Twitter:@africatradelink,@africabizlink

23. • https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/newsroom/106_en
• http://www.tropentag.de/2015/abstracts/full/790.pdf
• http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-1297_en.htm
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289415237
• Obi Chinedu T., Ph.D. Student- Agriculture, Food and Environment. University of Pisa, Italy, M.Sc.
International Rural Development, Ghent University, Belgium
• https://www.card.iastate.edu/products/publications/pdf/04mbp7.pdf
• http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_1012-chapter4.pdf
• http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/list.html?&filterReset=true
• Dr. OsitaAniemeka, FIMC, CMC- Program Director, South East Entrepreneurship Development
Center, One SEEDC Place, Beside CBN, Ogurube Layout, Umuahia, Abia State – NIGERIA, 234-806-
381-5296
• https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sites/agriculture/files/external-studies/2012/value-gi/final-
report_en.pdf
REFERENCE