This document provides background information on geographical indications (GIs). It discusses how GIs can help preserve traditional production methods and promote rural development. However, there are differing approaches between the EU and US/other countries. The EU protects GIs similarly to trademarks, prohibiting use of protected names on non-originating products. The US protects GIs through certification marks, which are location-agnostic and can be transferred. Achieving global protection of GIs faces challenges due to these differing systems and whether names are considered generic in some markets.
GI Tags: Embedding traditional brands in global spaceshashi bijapure
1. The document discusses Geographical Indications (GI) Tags, with a focus on Darjeeling tea from India. It provides background on GI and outlines the requirements for a product to receive a GI tag, including that it must originate from a specific geographical region and possess unique qualities due to its place of origin.
2. The document then examines Darjeeling tea in depth, outlining the geographical factors that make it unique, such as the soil, climate, and steep slopes of the Darjeeling hills region. It also discusses the GI registration requirements for Darjeeling tea and shows how production and prices have increased since it received the GI tag.
3. Receiving the GI tag for Darjeeling
This document discusses geographical indications in India and issues around social funding. It begins with defining GIs and their historical development. It then discusses why GIs are important, the GI application process, and challenges implementing GIs in India, including a lack of awareness, funding issues, and defining product characteristics and boundaries. It provides an example of how social funding helped protect Kashmiri Pashmina. The document concludes by discussing the organization ORIgin, which advocates for international GI protection and producer cooperation.
This document provides an overview of geographical indications (GIs) for different fruit crops in India and other countries. It discusses how GIs recognize products that have special characteristics due to their geographical origin. Several examples of fruit crops registered under the GI system in India are provided, including Nanjanagud Banana from Karnataka and Mango Malihabadi Dusseheri from Uttar Pradesh. The benefits of GIs for rural development and economic prosperity are described. Protection of GIs prevents unauthorized use and boosts exports. Traditional knowledge related to plant genetic resources and agricultural practices is also discussed.
Natureview Farm was founded in 1989 and grew its revenue from less than $100,000 to $13 million by 1999. It needed to increase revenue to $20 million by 2001 to satisfy investors. Three expansion options were considered: 1) expand 8-oz yogurt into supermarkets, 2) expand 32-oz yogurt nationally, or 3) introduce multipacks into natural food stores. Option 1 was chosen as it was the only option that could meet the revenue target, allowing Natureview to leverage its organic credentials with large supermarket customers and appeal to a wide customer base with its 8-oz size. Options 2 and 3 showed higher profit margins but could not generate sufficient revenue on their own.
Advanced Course on Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical IndicationsJohn David Garrett
John David Garrett successfully completed the WIPO Academy's distance learning Advanced Course on Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications from September 9 to November 24, 2015. Sherif Saadallah, the Executive Director of the WIPO Academy, certified that John David Garrett completed the course.
International Congress - Slow Food Movement Presentationjstoneham
Gorman Heritage Farm's Jamie Stoneham will represent the Farm and Slow Food Cincinnati at the International Congress and Terra Madre - Salone del Gusto in Turin, Italy in October. The International Congress only happens every five years and Jamie will be one of just 239 delegates from around the United States representing our country as a Slow Food movement leader.
The document summarizes the slow food/local sustainable movement. It began in Italy in 1989 when Carlo Petrini started the international slow food movement in response to the opening of a McDonald's near the Spanish Steps in Rome. The slow food movement promotes eating local, seasonal foods and supporting local farmers. The local sustainable movement focuses on growing food in a way that is healthy, environmentally-friendly, and provides fair wages. The document provides definitions, histories, pros and cons, companies involved, and important figures like Alice Waters.
GI Tags: Embedding traditional brands in global spaceshashi bijapure
1. The document discusses Geographical Indications (GI) Tags, with a focus on Darjeeling tea from India. It provides background on GI and outlines the requirements for a product to receive a GI tag, including that it must originate from a specific geographical region and possess unique qualities due to its place of origin.
2. The document then examines Darjeeling tea in depth, outlining the geographical factors that make it unique, such as the soil, climate, and steep slopes of the Darjeeling hills region. It also discusses the GI registration requirements for Darjeeling tea and shows how production and prices have increased since it received the GI tag.
3. Receiving the GI tag for Darjeeling
This document discusses geographical indications in India and issues around social funding. It begins with defining GIs and their historical development. It then discusses why GIs are important, the GI application process, and challenges implementing GIs in India, including a lack of awareness, funding issues, and defining product characteristics and boundaries. It provides an example of how social funding helped protect Kashmiri Pashmina. The document concludes by discussing the organization ORIgin, which advocates for international GI protection and producer cooperation.
This document provides an overview of geographical indications (GIs) for different fruit crops in India and other countries. It discusses how GIs recognize products that have special characteristics due to their geographical origin. Several examples of fruit crops registered under the GI system in India are provided, including Nanjanagud Banana from Karnataka and Mango Malihabadi Dusseheri from Uttar Pradesh. The benefits of GIs for rural development and economic prosperity are described. Protection of GIs prevents unauthorized use and boosts exports. Traditional knowledge related to plant genetic resources and agricultural practices is also discussed.
Natureview Farm was founded in 1989 and grew its revenue from less than $100,000 to $13 million by 1999. It needed to increase revenue to $20 million by 2001 to satisfy investors. Three expansion options were considered: 1) expand 8-oz yogurt into supermarkets, 2) expand 32-oz yogurt nationally, or 3) introduce multipacks into natural food stores. Option 1 was chosen as it was the only option that could meet the revenue target, allowing Natureview to leverage its organic credentials with large supermarket customers and appeal to a wide customer base with its 8-oz size. Options 2 and 3 showed higher profit margins but could not generate sufficient revenue on their own.
Advanced Course on Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical IndicationsJohn David Garrett
John David Garrett successfully completed the WIPO Academy's distance learning Advanced Course on Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications from September 9 to November 24, 2015. Sherif Saadallah, the Executive Director of the WIPO Academy, certified that John David Garrett completed the course.
International Congress - Slow Food Movement Presentationjstoneham
Gorman Heritage Farm's Jamie Stoneham will represent the Farm and Slow Food Cincinnati at the International Congress and Terra Madre - Salone del Gusto in Turin, Italy in October. The International Congress only happens every five years and Jamie will be one of just 239 delegates from around the United States representing our country as a Slow Food movement leader.
The document summarizes the slow food/local sustainable movement. It began in Italy in 1989 when Carlo Petrini started the international slow food movement in response to the opening of a McDonald's near the Spanish Steps in Rome. The slow food movement promotes eating local, seasonal foods and supporting local farmers. The local sustainable movement focuses on growing food in a way that is healthy, environmentally-friendly, and provides fair wages. The document provides definitions, histories, pros and cons, companies involved, and important figures like Alice Waters.
Country of origin labelling (COOL) aims to provide transparency around where foods originate from but its implementation is complex. COOL regulations differ between countries and can be challenging for food businesses to comply with due to globalized supply chains. While COOL does not directly relate to food safety, adhering to its rules helps ensure strong traceability systems. There is ongoing debate around the costs and benefits of COOL for both consumers and businesses.
The document discusses the EU's system for protecting geographical indications (GIs). It outlines the economic benefits of GIs for farmers and consumers. GIs help farmers by ensuring reputation and value stays local, preventing relocation of production, and providing small producers access to markets. Consumers benefit from quality labels that guarantee authenticity and tradition. The EU GI system has led to increased production, exports, prices, and employment for many regional specialties. There are over 1900 registered wine GIs, 325 spirit drink GIs, and 970 foodstuff GIs in the EU.
EXPLORING THE PROSPERS OF GI TO SOLVE GHANA'S ECONOMIC WOESIgnatius Pumpuni
1) The article discusses how geographical indications (GIs) can help solve Ghana's economic problems by protecting and promoting traditional agricultural products tied to their place of origin.
2) Ghana has many potential products for GIs, like cocoa, kente cloth, shea butter, and palm oil, which are known for their unique qualities but often rebranded and sold by other countries.
3) Developing Ghanaian products into legally protected GIs would allow farmers to earn more and lift many out of poverty, while preserving cultural heritage and traditional knowledge associated with the places where the products originate.
IMPROVING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF NIGERIA’S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS THROUGH G...Sand Mba
This document discusses improving the global competitiveness of Nigeria's agricultural products through geographical indications (GIs). It begins by defining GIs and providing examples of registered GIs in selected countries. Nigeria currently has no registered GIs, despite having agricultural products that could benefit. The document then outlines challenges to establishing GIs in Nigeria and proposes both top-down and bottom-up approaches to developing Nigeria's first GI products. It emphasizes the need for awareness, capacity building, identification of potential GI products, and establishing rules and organizations to manage certification. GIs can generate rural income, market access, and national pride if Nigeria takes action to adopt this tool.
The need for GI policy in South-eastern European countriesExternalEvents
This document discusses the need for geographical indication (GI) policy in Southeast European countries. It provides an overview of GI protection under international law and EU regulations. It examines issues around collective action and the development of GI products in Central and Eastern European countries. Case studies of paprika and salami from Hungary are presented to illustrate challenges in establishing GI protection, including product definitions, institutions, and enforcement. The document emphasizes that traditions and cultural heritage provide potential for agro-food sectors if supported by the right market and policy approaches.
The need for GI policy in South-eastern European countriesExternalEvents
This document discusses the need for geographical indication (GI) policy in Southeast European countries. It provides an overview of GI protection under international law and EU regulations. It examines issues around collective action and the development of GI products in Central and Eastern European countries. Case studies of paprika and salami from Hungary are presented to illustrate challenges in establishing GI protection, including product definitions, legal frameworks, and the role of institutions. The document emphasizes that traditions and cultural heritage provide potential for agro-food sectors if supported by the right market and policy approaches.
This document provides an introduction to geographical indications (GIs). It discusses that GIs designate quality and origin of products, especially food products, linked to specific places. The history of GIs began with systems to designate origin of French wines and cheeses. To obtain a GI, a product must originate from a defined area and have qualities linked to that geographical origin. GIs allow producers to obtain market recognition and premium prices. International agreements like Paris Convention and TRIPS Agreement, and organizations like WIPO, promote GIs globally. India has a GI registry system, though some Indian GIs face challenges like low brand value and misuse. The EU has strong GI protection schemes for agricultural goods. GIs are valuable marketing tools but
The Brussels Policy Briefing n. 53 on ”The next generation of farmers: successes and new opportunities” took place on 20th November 2018 (ACP Secretariat). It was co-organised by CTA, the European Commission (DG Devco and DG Agri), the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to product decisions in marketing and international business. It discusses factors that influence whether products should be standardized globally or adapted locally, including cultural differences, usage conditions, and government regulations. Product design, production decisions, branding, packaging, and quality standards are also examined. The challenges developing countries face in competing internationally with manufactured goods are noted.
Going global in food and beverage manufacturing, marketing and retailing is easy is it not? The big get bigger and fewer in number. The little guys keep popping up in their local niches. The middle gets squeezed. Its not all beer and skittles expanding your exports in Asia and its even harder if you are a retailer. The opportunity is there for business to capture in the long run we have more hungry mouths to feed and innovation is sorely needed to grow and feed the population sustainably.
The document discusses several sustainability standards and initiatives that are being developed for agriculture. It notes that the ANSI Leonardo/SCS standards seem to favor an organic model, while The Sustainability Consortium based at the University of Arkansas is seeking input from producers. It also discusses the NRDC Stewardship Index for Specialty Crops and challenges around getting grower participation. Overall, it analyzes different approaches to sustainability standards between specialty crops and commodities.
Presentation held by Johann Kirsten, Head, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Pretoria, at the Brussels Briefing ‘Geography of food: reconnecting with origin in the food system’, organized by CTA on 15th May 2013.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
Geographical Indications (GI)
Types of GI
Why GI needs to be protected?
Advantages of GI
How are GIs Protected?
WIPO and GI
GI in India
Registration process
GI in Tamil Nadu
The document discusses marketing ackee fruit from Jamaica in the United States. It provides background on ackee production in Jamaica and acknowledges that for 28 years, the US banned ackee imports due to safety concerns over hypoglycin levels. However, the ban was lifted in July 2002. The document outlines the objectives of analyzing global marketing opportunities for ackee and developing appropriate strategies to enter international markets, with a focus on the US market. It argues this will help Jamaica's economy which faces challenges from changes to preferential trade agreements.
Labels serve several important functions such as identifying products, grading quality, describing key details, and promoting products. They are also an important marketing element. Common labels required on various products include names, ingredients, nutrition information, bar codes, safety warnings, and instructions. However, labels can be misleading if they contain false or deceptive information. Regulations regarding unit pricing, open dating, nutritional labeling, and percentage labeling affect Asian countries and require sellers to provide accurate label details according to local laws.
The Brussels Policy Briefing n. 53 on ”The next generation of farmers: successes and new opportunities” took place on 20th November 2018 (ACP Secretariat). It was co-organised by CTA, the European Commission (DG Devco and DG Agri), the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD.
This document discusses geographical indications (GIs) and provides examples of how different countries manage and protect GIs.
1. France takes a leadership role in protecting GIs for wines, especially Champagne, through government decrees that define criteria for production.
2. Switzerland protects GIs through a register and certification bodies that control quality and uniqueness of products tied to geographical areas.
3. Australia's system establishes a GI Committee and register to consider applications but does not require products to maintain certain quality standards. The US focuses on grape growing areas through American Viticultural Areas.
The document discusses international product policy and planning. It notes that a key decision for international marketing is whether to export the standard domestic product, adapt the domestic product to foreign markets, or develop new products for foreign customers. While standardization is more convenient, customer needs, competition, and legal factors often require product adaptation. The document outlines different levels of products from local to global and discusses strategies like product adaptation, invention, and standardization. It provides examples of how companies have adapted products for factors like culture, income levels, and regulations in foreign markets.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Country of origin labelling (COOL) aims to provide transparency around where foods originate from but its implementation is complex. COOL regulations differ between countries and can be challenging for food businesses to comply with due to globalized supply chains. While COOL does not directly relate to food safety, adhering to its rules helps ensure strong traceability systems. There is ongoing debate around the costs and benefits of COOL for both consumers and businesses.
The document discusses the EU's system for protecting geographical indications (GIs). It outlines the economic benefits of GIs for farmers and consumers. GIs help farmers by ensuring reputation and value stays local, preventing relocation of production, and providing small producers access to markets. Consumers benefit from quality labels that guarantee authenticity and tradition. The EU GI system has led to increased production, exports, prices, and employment for many regional specialties. There are over 1900 registered wine GIs, 325 spirit drink GIs, and 970 foodstuff GIs in the EU.
EXPLORING THE PROSPERS OF GI TO SOLVE GHANA'S ECONOMIC WOESIgnatius Pumpuni
1) The article discusses how geographical indications (GIs) can help solve Ghana's economic problems by protecting and promoting traditional agricultural products tied to their place of origin.
2) Ghana has many potential products for GIs, like cocoa, kente cloth, shea butter, and palm oil, which are known for their unique qualities but often rebranded and sold by other countries.
3) Developing Ghanaian products into legally protected GIs would allow farmers to earn more and lift many out of poverty, while preserving cultural heritage and traditional knowledge associated with the places where the products originate.
IMPROVING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF NIGERIA’S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS THROUGH G...Sand Mba
This document discusses improving the global competitiveness of Nigeria's agricultural products through geographical indications (GIs). It begins by defining GIs and providing examples of registered GIs in selected countries. Nigeria currently has no registered GIs, despite having agricultural products that could benefit. The document then outlines challenges to establishing GIs in Nigeria and proposes both top-down and bottom-up approaches to developing Nigeria's first GI products. It emphasizes the need for awareness, capacity building, identification of potential GI products, and establishing rules and organizations to manage certification. GIs can generate rural income, market access, and national pride if Nigeria takes action to adopt this tool.
The need for GI policy in South-eastern European countriesExternalEvents
This document discusses the need for geographical indication (GI) policy in Southeast European countries. It provides an overview of GI protection under international law and EU regulations. It examines issues around collective action and the development of GI products in Central and Eastern European countries. Case studies of paprika and salami from Hungary are presented to illustrate challenges in establishing GI protection, including product definitions, institutions, and enforcement. The document emphasizes that traditions and cultural heritage provide potential for agro-food sectors if supported by the right market and policy approaches.
The need for GI policy in South-eastern European countriesExternalEvents
This document discusses the need for geographical indication (GI) policy in Southeast European countries. It provides an overview of GI protection under international law and EU regulations. It examines issues around collective action and the development of GI products in Central and Eastern European countries. Case studies of paprika and salami from Hungary are presented to illustrate challenges in establishing GI protection, including product definitions, legal frameworks, and the role of institutions. The document emphasizes that traditions and cultural heritage provide potential for agro-food sectors if supported by the right market and policy approaches.
This document provides an introduction to geographical indications (GIs). It discusses that GIs designate quality and origin of products, especially food products, linked to specific places. The history of GIs began with systems to designate origin of French wines and cheeses. To obtain a GI, a product must originate from a defined area and have qualities linked to that geographical origin. GIs allow producers to obtain market recognition and premium prices. International agreements like Paris Convention and TRIPS Agreement, and organizations like WIPO, promote GIs globally. India has a GI registry system, though some Indian GIs face challenges like low brand value and misuse. The EU has strong GI protection schemes for agricultural goods. GIs are valuable marketing tools but
The Brussels Policy Briefing n. 53 on ”The next generation of farmers: successes and new opportunities” took place on 20th November 2018 (ACP Secretariat). It was co-organised by CTA, the European Commission (DG Devco and DG Agri), the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to product decisions in marketing and international business. It discusses factors that influence whether products should be standardized globally or adapted locally, including cultural differences, usage conditions, and government regulations. Product design, production decisions, branding, packaging, and quality standards are also examined. The challenges developing countries face in competing internationally with manufactured goods are noted.
Going global in food and beverage manufacturing, marketing and retailing is easy is it not? The big get bigger and fewer in number. The little guys keep popping up in their local niches. The middle gets squeezed. Its not all beer and skittles expanding your exports in Asia and its even harder if you are a retailer. The opportunity is there for business to capture in the long run we have more hungry mouths to feed and innovation is sorely needed to grow and feed the population sustainably.
The document discusses several sustainability standards and initiatives that are being developed for agriculture. It notes that the ANSI Leonardo/SCS standards seem to favor an organic model, while The Sustainability Consortium based at the University of Arkansas is seeking input from producers. It also discusses the NRDC Stewardship Index for Specialty Crops and challenges around getting grower participation. Overall, it analyzes different approaches to sustainability standards between specialty crops and commodities.
Presentation held by Johann Kirsten, Head, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Pretoria, at the Brussels Briefing ‘Geography of food: reconnecting with origin in the food system’, organized by CTA on 15th May 2013.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
Geographical Indications (GI)
Types of GI
Why GI needs to be protected?
Advantages of GI
How are GIs Protected?
WIPO and GI
GI in India
Registration process
GI in Tamil Nadu
The document discusses marketing ackee fruit from Jamaica in the United States. It provides background on ackee production in Jamaica and acknowledges that for 28 years, the US banned ackee imports due to safety concerns over hypoglycin levels. However, the ban was lifted in July 2002. The document outlines the objectives of analyzing global marketing opportunities for ackee and developing appropriate strategies to enter international markets, with a focus on the US market. It argues this will help Jamaica's economy which faces challenges from changes to preferential trade agreements.
Labels serve several important functions such as identifying products, grading quality, describing key details, and promoting products. They are also an important marketing element. Common labels required on various products include names, ingredients, nutrition information, bar codes, safety warnings, and instructions. However, labels can be misleading if they contain false or deceptive information. Regulations regarding unit pricing, open dating, nutritional labeling, and percentage labeling affect Asian countries and require sellers to provide accurate label details according to local laws.
The Brussels Policy Briefing n. 53 on ”The next generation of farmers: successes and new opportunities” took place on 20th November 2018 (ACP Secretariat). It was co-organised by CTA, the European Commission (DG Devco and DG Agri), the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD.
This document discusses geographical indications (GIs) and provides examples of how different countries manage and protect GIs.
1. France takes a leadership role in protecting GIs for wines, especially Champagne, through government decrees that define criteria for production.
2. Switzerland protects GIs through a register and certification bodies that control quality and uniqueness of products tied to geographical areas.
3. Australia's system establishes a GI Committee and register to consider applications but does not require products to maintain certain quality standards. The US focuses on grape growing areas through American Viticultural Areas.
The document discusses international product policy and planning. It notes that a key decision for international marketing is whether to export the standard domestic product, adapt the domestic product to foreign markets, or develop new products for foreign customers. While standardization is more convenient, customer needs, competition, and legal factors often require product adaptation. The document outlines different levels of products from local to global and discusses strategies like product adaptation, invention, and standardization. It provides examples of how companies have adapted products for factors like culture, income levels, and regulations in foreign markets.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
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Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
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This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
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Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
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Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
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Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...
GI Intro
1. An Introduction to Geographical
Indications
Slow Food Nation
29 August 2008
Judson Berkey
www.geographicindications.com
www.sustainag.org
2. Contents
Background on Geographical Indications (GIs)
Ways to Protect GIs – EU vs US Approach
Issues Arising from the Different Approaches
Where to Go Next
2
4. Why GIs are an Issue
In the beginning all food production was local and reflected the
unique environment and production methods used
However, the late 20th century has seen an intense concentration
of production due to industrial farming
• 80% of the beef, 65% of soybean, 60% of wheat, 50% of chicken, and 45% of
the pork processing in the US is handled by 4 companies (often the same 4)
• More generally it is estimated that approximately 60% of the international food
chain is controlled by 10 companies involved in seed, fertilizers, pesticides,
processing, and shipment
• Over the past 50 years, the farm population has declined by 85% in Germany,
France, and Japan; 64% in the US; and 59% in Korea and UK. In the US, 6% of
the farms receive 60% of total farm revenue
• Food retailing is similarly concentrated with the top 10 firms in Europe
accounting for 46% of total revenue in 2005 (estimated to grow to 60% in
2010). By 2010 it is estimated that the top 7 US food retailers will control 70%
of retail revenue
• Only 10% of the crop varieties used in the past are still actively farmed
This has led to a renewed interest in mechanisms to help preserve
and promote local and traditional production
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5. What Benefits Can GIs Provide
The goal is to provide a legal mechanism that allows producers in
a specific region (typically small in scale) the use of a specific
name to label a product as long as certain conditions are met
• Criteria: a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic of the product
must be attributable to its place of origin
• Examples: Parmigiano-Reggiano, Prosciutto di Parma, Champagne, Roquefort
This can provide a tool to
• help rural development
• preserve viability of small farming
• protect traditional knowledge and promote tourism
• shift from quantity to quality production
• capture economic rent (e.g. Colombian Coffee)
• preserve biodiversity and fight biopiracy (e.g. Basmati rice)
• promote economic development for developing countries (e.g. Darjeeling tea)
Potentially GIs could be expanded to protect other products
(handicrafts and even manufactured goods) that have a specific
reputation or contain traditional knowledge derived from the
location (e.g. natural medicines, carpets, silk, crystal, watches)
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6. However There are Concerns
Not all agree that specific legal protection for GIs is the most
useful way to promote development and to preserve traditional
products
Old vs New World
• In the EU countries, there is a long history of such systems and as of October
2007 there were over 650 names registered (over 150 cheeses, 160 meat-based
products, 150 fresh or processed fruits/vegetables, 80 types of olive oil) with
200+ applications being processed. More than 4500 wines and spirits are also
protected.
• However, in many new world countries (e.g. US, Canada, Australia, Argentina),
there is a tradition of making products similar to those found in Europe and
using the same names (e.g. Kraft foods sells Parmesan Cheese in the US).
• Thus, if these names now need to be reserved for the traditional food product,
companies fear they will lose the brand value they have built up over time (e.g.
Kraft has to sell its cheese as Pamasello in the EU already).
Developing Countries
• Large developing countries (e.g. India, China, Kenya, Vietnam) are well placed
to take advantage of such systems and have passed legislation to do so.
• However, many smaller developing countries do not have the infrastructure and
capacity to take advantage of any benefits (e.g. it is unclear if Gabon has the
infrastructure capacity to manufacture and market the Gabon Sweet Potato in
such a way as to take advantage of a GI). 6
8. Challenges to a Global Approach - EU
GIs include agricultural products and other foodstuffs intended for
human consumption only (but there are some exceptions such as
mineral waters)
GIs are registered based on an application that states why the
product has a characteristic based on the place of production.
There are two classes of products
• PDO (AOC in Swiss system) – product must be produced, processed and
prepared within the geographic area and quality or characteristics must be
“essentially due” to the area. Cheeses are often PDO because the milk is
sourced from cows in a specific region raised in a specific way. (439 – Oct 07)
• PGI (IGP in Swiss system) – product must be produced, processed or prepared
within the geographic area (thus, not all three activities) and quality or
characteristics must be “attributable” to the area. Thus, the product does not
have to originate in area and just one aspect and not the majority must be due
to the area (e.g saucisson are often PGI because the meat can be sourced from
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different locations). (323 – Oct 07)
9. Challenges to a Global Approach - EU
Protection provided to GIs prohibits the following
• Any direct or indirect commercial use of the name on products not covered in the
application where the products are comparable or where using the name exploits
the reputation
Champagne in the EU can only come from the Champagne region of France
and not California
A French court even ruled that the use of term “Champagne” for a perfume
was illegal because it traded on the reputation of champagne for a high
quality product
• Any misuse of the name even if the true origin is noted or if the name is
modified with term ‘style’ or ‘type’
A “Champagne style” sparkling wine cannot be produced by a producer in
Bordeaux or a producer in the Champagne region using non traditional
methods (e.g. Merlot grapes)
Instead a different name must be used
• Any other false or misleading use of the name in such a way as to give a
misleading impression of where a product originates from
At least 80 other countries have similar systems
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10. Challenges to a Global Approach - US
In the US protection is provided under the trademark system via
“certification marks”
• Thus, GIs are not very different from any other trademark (e.g. Nike) and are
assigned to a specific entity which owns the name (in the case of certification
marks, this can be a collective entity that represents a group of producers).
• A key distinction is that certification marks are not necessarily location specific and
ownership can be transferred. GIs are location specific.
• Another key distinction is that certification marks generally protect only against use
of the mark on similar products and do not protect against a name becoming
generic or being modified with “style” or “type”. Thus, the use of Champagne on a
perfume would be allowed.
• Finally, certification marks are only valid for 10 years and must be enforced by the
owner. GIs are valid indefinitely and enforced by the state.
GIs do exist in the US – Idaho Potatoes, Vidalia Onions, Copper
River Salmon, Maine Lobsters, etc. (more than 800 wines and spirits
and more than 80 other products)
At least 50 other countries use a similar system
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11. Challenges to a Global Approach - WTO
The WTO agreements lean toward the EU approach with two key
exceptions
• Wines and spirits have legal protection closest to the EU standard.
Once a GI is registered it becomes illegal to use the name on any similar
product or service if it could have the effect of weakening the reputation of
the product.
This includes cases where the second product is labeled as ‘type’ or ‘style’
and would not necessarily be considered misleading.
The name also cannot be included in a trademark if the product is not from
the region
• Other agricultural goods (and handicrafts) have less protection.
The use of the GI is only prohibited when it is clear that the use of the name
would mislead the public as to the true origin.
In all cases, if the product is considered generic in a given country
or subject to a prior trademark, then GIs do not have an exclusive
right to the name.
• Thus, if Feta or Champagne is considered a generic name in the US, the fact that
it is a GI in the EU does not prevent companies in the US from using the name
on products in the US.
• Or if there is a trademark that uses the name already then the trademark can
continue to use the name.
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13. GIs are not always Straightforward
What is the geographic area of the GI
• UK PGI for Melton Mowbray Pork Pies
The defined jurisdiction encompassed an area where one company produced 62% of its
produced
pies while another company produced only 28%.
Thus, the second company claimed the area was too large and disproportionately
disproportionately
benefited the other.
The UK court ruled that the size of the area is not a priori limited in any way but the case
limited
has gone to the European Court of Justice for further review of criteria that should be
applied when deciding on the geographic area.
What is the actual product covered by the GI
• Prosciutto di Parma producers vs UK supermarket chain ASDA
ASDA was buying ham on the bone from an Italian producer that was part of the
was
Prosciutto consortium. ASDA then sliced and packaged the ham itself.
The PDO registration specified that the cutting of the ham must occur in Parma.
The ECJ ruled for the Prosciutto consortium but noted that if ASDA cut the ham in the
same way as in Parma it could be sold as such. This shows that the definition of the GI
is crucial and can be used creatively to ensure value add activities stay in the area.
activities
What about generic names
• GIs are prohibited from becoming generic but a question arises when a name
may already be considered generic – e.g. Feta Cheese.
Greece registered it as a PDO but Germany, Denmark, France, and UK opposed based on
sheep/cow’
claim that it is now a generic term for soft, white cheese made from sheep/cow’s milk.
The ECJ ruled that Feta must originate from specific areas in Greece based on facts such
Greece
as 85% of consumption of Feta per person per year takes place in Greece and fact that
other producers of Feta often allude to Greece in the packaging.
Thus, other producers cannot use term “Feta style” but must rename their product.
style” 13
14. GIs vs Trademark (Old vs New World)
The most famous case is between the American company
Budweiser and the boutique Czech brewery Budejovicky Budvar.
• The Czech brewery in Budweis has brewed beer since the 13th century.
• The American brand has become more internationally known in the 20th century.
This dispute helped lead to WTO litigation on the legality of the EU
GI system. The EU won on the point that in a country that
recognises GIs, the GI can co-exist with a trademark (even if the
trademark was registered first).
• The exception would be where the GI would lead to confusion with a trademark
that had a well established reputation.
• It is unclear if Budweiser would meet this standard, particularly given the fact that
the GI had been registered first in some countries.
What this does not address is the reverse case – e.g. in a country
that does not have a GI system can someone register a certification
mark for a GI where a trademark already exists.
• In Canada a trademark is already registered for Parma Ham.
• Thus, the Prosciutto Consortium must sell its ham under the name “Ham No. 1” in
Canada and not Parma Ham.
The EU was also forced to open its system to 3rd countries.
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• Cafe de Colombia and Napa Valley Wines have obtained GIs in Europe
15. How to Proceed at the Global Level
The EU has proposed making the registration of wines and spirits
mandatory and extending the system to all products.
• Once registered with the WTO, a GI would be guaranteed legitimacy and could
be used as the basis to invalidate a trademark application in any country.
• The US opposes both on legal grounds (fear of requirement for co-existence of
GIs with prior trademarks) and on practicality grounds (cost of setting up such a
system for countries that do not have any type of protection in place now).
• The US claims that the protection of GIs can occur under the trademark regimes
already in place under national law.
• Ultimately, the US is driven by economic interests of large companies that trade
on the traditional names (e.g. Korbel California Champagne; Kraft Parmesan)
The fear is not necessarily unfounded as the EU has published a
list of 41 products for which it would like to reclaim the names.
• These include products such as Feta, Parmigiano Reggiano, and Roquefort for
cheese; Champagne, Chianti, and Port for wine; Prosciutto and Bologna for
meat; and products like Turron from Alicante and Saffron from La Mancha
• Under the EU proposal, these names would be re-protected and fall under a new
WTO registration scheme which would even prohibit use of the words “style” or
“type” on a similar product
• The EU is signing bi-lateral agreements to reclaim some of these names (e.g. by
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2013 Chablis, Port, Sherry, and Champagne will be protected in Canada)
17. What is a Possible Outcome
There are two fundamentally different legal systems and
philosophies involved.
The EU approach would provide certainty. It also provides tangible
incentives for rural development and for shifting from quantity to
quality agriculture (Tuscan olive oil has a 20% premium; milk for Comte
cheese has a 10% premium)
Given the concerns of some new world producers about Feta-like
results, some products (particularly the EU 41) may need to
approached on a case by case basis.
However, US companies should not be afraid of name changes.
There can be opportunities (e.g when UBS rebranded it used this as
the basis of a new advertising campaign – You and Us.)
Compromise is probably necessary. No one is going to get their
way completely but no one seems willing to give right now.
• E.g. allow “Parmesan Cheese Made in the USA” to be sold in the EU
• E.g. allow the real “Prosciutto di Parma” to be sold in Canada under its own name
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18. The Situation in Switzerland
The Swiss Parliament passed a federal law in 1997 establishing
protection for geographical indications.
There are two classes of protection – AOC and IGP . This is
similar to the EU system.
With only one exception (Bündnerfleish) all the raw material (even
for IGPs) must at least be from Switzerland if not the specific
geographic area.
As of July 2008, there were 17 AOC products and 5 IGP products.
In addition, there were 10 AOC candidates and 6 IGP candidates
• 5 cheese (AOC)
• 7 meats (2 AOC, 5 IGP)
• 1 fruit (AOC)
• 2 spirits (AOC)
• 1 other (AOC - wood from the Jura)
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20. More Information
www.geographicindications.com – collection of resources for those
interested in GIs. Links to national laws, international regimes,
academic research, and organisations actively involved with GIs.
ec.europa.eu/agriculture/foodqual/quali1_en.htm - EU protection
of quality products website. Contains lists of all products with
protected status and provides updates on most recent activities.
www.uspto.gov/web/offices/dcom/olia/globalip/geographicalindica
tion.htm - information on how GIs can be protected under US
trademark laws. Also contains information on why the US
believes trademark protection is sufficient.
www.aoc-igp.ch – Swiss system of GI protection. Includes list of
proposed new products and links to contacts for products
currently protected.
www.origin-gi.com - international organisation for GI producers.
www.origin-food.org – EU sponsored research programs on GIs
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