Obesity
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Overview of human health, particularly in the UK, and general pointers how to reverse the tide of adult obesity.
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Obesity
What is Obesity, Causes, Effects of obesity , Pathophysiology, Treatment, Surgical and Medicational treatment, How these medication works.
Obesity
The document is a free PowerPoint template about obesity. It includes pages about group members, defining obesity as an increase in body weight due to excess body fat, explaining BMI as a measure of body shape based on mass and height, providing obesity prevalence statistics by country and gender, listing main causes of obesity as lack of physical activity, bad nutrition, and genes, outlining diseases associated with obesity like heart disease and diabetes, and proposing solutions like exercise, healthy diet, sleep, and motivation to fight obesity.
Obesity
The document discusses obesity, including its prevalence, complications, and treatment. Some key points:
- Obesity is defined as having a BMI of over 30 or excess body fat of over 20%. It results from consuming more calories than expended.
- It is common worldwide and in countries like India and China. In the US, over 30% of adults are obese, costing $147 billion annually.
- Obesity increases the risk of conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers.
- Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. For higher-risk patients, treatment may include medication or surgery to help with weight loss and reduce
Obesity
This document discusses childhood obesity including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, causes, evaluation, treatment, and management. Some key points include:
- Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex. It can be caused by genetic and environmental factors.
- Rates of childhood obesity have tripled since the 1970s globally and in countries like the US and KSA. Risk factors include family history, low income, and lack of physical activity.
- Evaluation of an obese child includes medical history, exam, and tests to check for underlying causes and comorbidities. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and behavior modification for the whole
OBESITY & OVERWEIGHT ‘a modern day havoc ’
Worldwide, obesity nearly tripled since 1975, with over 650 million adults and 340 million children classified as obese in 2016. Obesity is defined as abnormal fat accumulation that impairs health, measured as a BMI over 30 for adults and over 2 or 3 standard deviations for children depending on age. The fundamental causes of obesity are an energy imbalance from increased intake of unhealthy foods and decreased physical activity due to sedentary lifestyles. Obesity raises the risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Reducing obesity involves limiting unhealthy foods, increasing physical activity, and for some, bariatric surgery.
Obesity
The document discusses obesity in Asia based on a journal from University Kebangsaan Malaysia. It states that 5.8% of the Malaysian population of 29 million are obese, totaling 1.69 million people. Obesity rates are higher among Malays and Indians. Obesity is caused by environmental factors like lack of physical activity, genetic factors, lack of sleep, age and gender. Childhood obesity risk factors include parental obesity and genetic syndromes, while adult obesity risk factors include lifestyle and diet. The document outlines methods for diagnosing, preventing and treating obesity.
Power point obesity
This document discusses obesity rates in upstate New York from 2004 to 2008. It finds that obesity among adults in the region increased dramatically during this period. The counties with the highest obesity rates each year tended to be Chautauqua, Chemung, Franklin, Seneca, and Yates counties. Obesity is linked to numerous health issues like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The document recommends eating healthier foods, daily exercise, and potentially surgery as ways to reduce obesity.
Risk factors and obesity
Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher and increases health risks like diabetes and heart disease. Dietary factors that contribute to obesity include foods high in sugar, saturated/trans fats, alcohol, and low fruits/veggies. A sedentary lifestyle and genetics also increase obesity risk. To combat obesity, one should focus on a diet of fruits, veggies, and healthy fats, exercise regularly through activities like walking, and get adequate sleep each night.
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Obesity
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Obesity
The document is a free PowerPoint template about obesity. It includes pages about group members, defining obesity as an increase in body weight due to excess body fat, explaining BMI as a measure of body shape based on mass and height, providing obesity prevalence statistics by country and gender, listing main causes of obesity as lack of physical activity, bad nutrition, and genes, outlining diseases associated with obesity like heart disease and diabetes, and proposing solutions like exercise, healthy diet, sleep, and motivation to fight obesity.
Obesity
The document discusses obesity, including its prevalence, complications, and treatment. Some key points:
- Obesity is defined as having a BMI of over 30 or excess body fat of over 20%. It results from consuming more calories than expended.
- It is common worldwide and in countries like India and China. In the US, over 30% of adults are obese, costing $147 billion annually.
- Obesity increases the risk of conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers.
- Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. For higher-risk patients, treatment may include medication or surgery to help with weight loss and reduce
Obesity
This document discusses childhood obesity including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, causes, evaluation, treatment, and management. Some key points include:
- Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex. It can be caused by genetic and environmental factors.
- Rates of childhood obesity have tripled since the 1970s globally and in countries like the US and KSA. Risk factors include family history, low income, and lack of physical activity.
- Evaluation of an obese child includes medical history, exam, and tests to check for underlying causes and comorbidities. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and behavior modification for the whole
OBESITY & OVERWEIGHT ‘a modern day havoc ’
Worldwide, obesity nearly tripled since 1975, with over 650 million adults and 340 million children classified as obese in 2016. Obesity is defined as abnormal fat accumulation that impairs health, measured as a BMI over 30 for adults and over 2 or 3 standard deviations for children depending on age. The fundamental causes of obesity are an energy imbalance from increased intake of unhealthy foods and decreased physical activity due to sedentary lifestyles. Obesity raises the risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Reducing obesity involves limiting unhealthy foods, increasing physical activity, and for some, bariatric surgery.
Obesity
The document discusses obesity in Asia based on a journal from University Kebangsaan Malaysia. It states that 5.8% of the Malaysian population of 29 million are obese, totaling 1.69 million people. Obesity rates are higher among Malays and Indians. Obesity is caused by environmental factors like lack of physical activity, genetic factors, lack of sleep, age and gender. Childhood obesity risk factors include parental obesity and genetic syndromes, while adult obesity risk factors include lifestyle and diet. The document outlines methods for diagnosing, preventing and treating obesity.
Power point obesity
This document discusses obesity rates in upstate New York from 2004 to 2008. It finds that obesity among adults in the region increased dramatically during this period. The counties with the highest obesity rates each year tended to be Chautauqua, Chemung, Franklin, Seneca, and Yates counties. Obesity is linked to numerous health issues like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The document recommends eating healthier foods, daily exercise, and potentially surgery as ways to reduce obesity.
Risk factors and obesity
Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher and increases health risks like diabetes and heart disease. Dietary factors that contribute to obesity include foods high in sugar, saturated/trans fats, alcohol, and low fruits/veggies. A sedentary lifestyle and genetics also increase obesity risk. To combat obesity, one should focus on a diet of fruits, veggies, and healthy fats, exercise regularly through activities like walking, and get adequate sleep each night.
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This document discusses obesity and related topics. It defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents health risks. It provides BMI classifications for different regions including South East Asia. Key points are that globally obesity rates are rising, and factors influencing obesity are complex, involving genes, environment, behavior, and their interactions. Measuring obesity includes BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and fat distribution. The regulation of energy balance and factors influencing obesity risk are multifaceted.Obesity
This document discusses obesity, its causes and indicators. It notes that obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a prolonged period, resulting in excess body fat accumulation. Key causes of obesity include lack of energy balance, sedentary lifestyle, environmental factors like fast food and lack of sidewalks, genetics, hormonal issues, and some medications. Body mass index (BMI), skin folds, waist-hip ratio, and relative weight are common indicators used to diagnose and monitor obesity. Weight management involves prevention of excess weight gain, weight loss through diet, exercise and sometimes medication/surgery, and prevention of weight regain.
Obesity
- Obesity rates have tripled globally since 1980 due to increased consumption of energy-dense, processed foods and reduced physical activity. Every fourth person worldwide is now considered overweight or obese.
- Obesity is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Key contributors include excessive calorie intake, lack of exercise, fast food consumption, and genetic predispositions.
- Maintaining a physically active lifestyle is important for preventing weight gain and fat accumulation over time as metabolism naturally slows with age. Both diet and exercise are needed to effectively treat and prevent obesity on a long-term basis.
Obesity
The document discusses obesity, defining it as excessive fat accumulation that presents health risks. It notes that obesity is caused by an energy imbalance where more calories are consumed than expended. A variety of facts about the growing prevalence and health impacts of obesity worldwide are presented, along with methods of measuring obesity such as BMI and waist circumference.
Obesity
Obesity is that, you have a high amount of fat in your body, and from that definition you can notice that, obesity is not about more weight, it's about more fat .
you will find in his presentation:(Body mass index (BMI),causes,Waist–hip ratio,Childhood obesity,complications and treatment)
Obesity
Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of body fat that can impair health. It is caused by an imbalance between calories consumed and calories burned over time. The document discusses the causes, indicators, health risks, and treatment of obesity including diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes needed to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
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The document summarizes the evolution and costs of obesity, its nutritional and lifestyle origins, and potential remedies including diets, drugs, lifestyle changes, and surgery. It provides data on the rising rates of obesity and associated costs over time. Fast food consumption, large portion sizes, and sedentary lifestyles are identified as contributing factors. Common diets, drugs approved to treat obesity, and the benefits of lifestyle modifications, mindful home cooking, and bariatric surgery are outlined as potential remedies.
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This document outlines key information about childhood obesity including:
1. Definitions of overweight and obesity in children based on BMI percentiles. Almost 1/3 of US children are overweight or obese.
2. Causes of childhood obesity including genetic, environmental, and endocrine factors such as certain medications and diseases.
3. The pathophysiology involves genetic and environmental components impacting caloric intake and expenditure as well as hormones that regulate appetite and metabolism such as leptin, insulin, ghrelin, and PYY.
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The document discusses evidence from studies on the effect of lifestyle modifications such as caloric restriction, physical activity, and weight loss on health outcomes. It summarizes key findings from several studies:
1) The Diabetes Prevention Program clinical trial found that intensive lifestyle intervention reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58% compared to 31% for treatment with metformin.
2) Studies on caloric restriction in primates showed decreased fasting glucose and insulin levels as well as reduced risk of age-related diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
3) Physical activity has been shown to increase lifespan in animal models, and a study of over 1300 male rats found a 10% reduction in body weight led to a 13.5
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This document outlines Dongliang Wang's contact information and provides an overview of obesity including its definition, harms, diagnosis, causes, and treatment through dietary changes. Key points discussed include defining obesity as 20% or more over ideal body weight, various health risks it poses, using BMI to diagnose it, the role of energy intake and expenditure in its development, and treating it by reducing total energy and fat intake while increasing protein and carbohydrates.
obesity ...... a global epidemic disease.......
1. Obesity is a metabolic disorder caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure leading to excess body fat accumulation. It is influenced by genetic and environmental factors like diet, lifestyle and medications.
2. It is measured using body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. Increased BMI, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio are associated with health risks.
3. Long term obesity can cause serious medical conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers and psychological issues. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications, medications and surgery.
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This ppt contains all the details about what is obesity, etiology, & mainly focuses on various methods of assessment of obesity from field tests to lab tests.
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Medooc is a search engine for researching medical information.It has been built by medical
professionals to help others in the community to research and share credible health information.
Doctors, Physcials and medical professionals participate in Medooc.com on day to day basis to help each other.
For more information you can visit:-http://www.medooc.com/
OBESITY
Obesity is a chronic heath problem ,the no.of people having obese rising rapidly world wide and making obesity 1 of the fastest developing peoples health problem
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive body fat accumulation that exceeds ideal body weight by 20%. It is caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure influenced by genetic, environmental, and social factors. Obesity management requires a long-term, flexible approach that may include dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, physical activity, drug therapy, and surgery, with the goal of modest and sustained weight loss of 5-10% to improve health outcomes rather than focus on achieving an ideal weight.
Ppt 1
The document discusses obesity trends in the United States. It notes that about 66% of American adults are overweight or obese, with obesity rates more than doubling over the past 30 years. Obesity is associated with increased risk of diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and some cancers. Factors like diet, physical activity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influence obesity rates. Maintaining a BMI between 20-25 through energy balance is considered the healthiest weight range.
Obesity-Copy.pdf
This document discusses obesity, including its definition, classification, causes, assessment methods, and complications. It defines obesity as excess body fat over 20% of ideal body weight and distinguishes it from overweight. The document outlines methods to classify obesity, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio, and lists common medical complications like diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. Finally, it recommends strategies for weight reduction, including calorie reduction through diet and exercise, behavioral modification, and sometimes surgery for severe obesity.
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- Obesity rates have tripled globally since 1980 due to increased consumption of energy-dense, processed foods and reduced physical activity. Every fourth person worldwide is now considered overweight or obese.
- Obesity is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Key contributors include excessive calorie intake, lack of exercise, fast food consumption, and genetic predispositions.
- Maintaining a physically active lifestyle is important for preventing weight gain and fat accumulation over time as metabolism naturally slows with age. Both diet and exercise are needed to effectively treat and prevent obesity on a long-term basis.
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The document discusses obesity, defining it as excessive fat accumulation that presents health risks. It notes that obesity is caused by an energy imbalance where more calories are consumed than expended. A variety of facts about the growing prevalence and health impacts of obesity worldwide are presented, along with methods of measuring obesity such as BMI and waist circumference.
Obesity
Obesity is that, you have a high amount of fat in your body, and from that definition you can notice that, obesity is not about more weight, it's about more fat .
you will find in his presentation:(Body mass index (BMI),causes,Waist–hip ratio,Childhood obesity,complications and treatment)
Obesity
Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of body fat that can impair health. It is caused by an imbalance between calories consumed and calories burned over time. The document discusses the causes, indicators, health risks, and treatment of obesity including diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes needed to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Presentation on the Obesity Epidemic - Stanford Hospital - March 2013
The document summarizes the evolution and costs of obesity, its nutritional and lifestyle origins, and potential remedies including diets, drugs, lifestyle changes, and surgery. It provides data on the rising rates of obesity and associated costs over time. Fast food consumption, large portion sizes, and sedentary lifestyles are identified as contributing factors. Common diets, drugs approved to treat obesity, and the benefits of lifestyle modifications, mindful home cooking, and bariatric surgery are outlined as potential remedies.
Childhood obesity
This document outlines key information about childhood obesity including:
1. Definitions of overweight and obesity in children based on BMI percentiles. Almost 1/3 of US children are overweight or obese.
2. Causes of childhood obesity including genetic, environmental, and endocrine factors such as certain medications and diseases.
3. The pathophysiology involves genetic and environmental components impacting caloric intake and expenditure as well as hormones that regulate appetite and metabolism such as leptin, insulin, ghrelin, and PYY.
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Metabolic syndrome is a growing health concern caused by unhealthy lifestyles like poor diet and physical inactivity. The presentation summarizes diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome and discusses preventive strategies focused on lifestyle modifications like following a healthy diet high in fruits/vegetables and low in saturated fat, engaging in regular physical activity, managing stress, and avoiding smoking. Adopting these lifestyle changes can help prevent and treat metabolic syndrome and related diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Viseral fat & Cognition.pptx
Dr. Nidhi Sharma presented on the relationship between visceral fat and cognition. Visceral fat surrounds internal organs in the abdomen and is linked to increased disease risk. Recent studies show higher visceral fat is associated with poorer performance on cognitive tasks involving attention and task switching. Childhood obesity and higher visceral fat are also linked to weaker cognitive abilities. Visceral fat may impair cognition through inflammatory pathways and reduced blood flow to the brain. Physiotherapy approaches like aerobic exercise and resistance training can help reduce visceral fat and may have benefits for cognition.
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Obesity is defined as excess body fat that may negatively impact health, and can be caused by overeating, underexercising, genetics, age, sex, economic factors, and psychology. Diseases linked to obesity include diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, cancer, and others. Physical complications of obesity range from heart disease and diabetes to cancer, gallbladder disease, and osteoarthritis. The document also notes that portion sizes at restaurants are much larger than at home, children spend significant time using media, and obesity is linked to lower life expectancy.
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The document discusses evidence from studies on the effect of lifestyle modifications such as caloric restriction, physical activity, and weight loss on health outcomes. It summarizes key findings from several studies:
1) The Diabetes Prevention Program clinical trial found that intensive lifestyle intervention reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58% compared to 31% for treatment with metformin.
2) Studies on caloric restriction in primates showed decreased fasting glucose and insulin levels as well as reduced risk of age-related diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
3) Physical activity has been shown to increase lifespan in animal models, and a study of over 1300 male rats found a 10% reduction in body weight led to a 13.5
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This document outlines Dongliang Wang's contact information and provides an overview of obesity including its definition, harms, diagnosis, causes, and treatment through dietary changes. Key points discussed include defining obesity as 20% or more over ideal body weight, various health risks it poses, using BMI to diagnose it, the role of energy intake and expenditure in its development, and treating it by reducing total energy and fat intake while increasing protein and carbohydrates.
obesity ...... a global epidemic disease.......
1. Obesity is a metabolic disorder caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure leading to excess body fat accumulation. It is influenced by genetic and environmental factors like diet, lifestyle and medications.
2. It is measured using body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. Increased BMI, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio are associated with health risks.
3. Long term obesity can cause serious medical conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers and psychological issues. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications, medications and surgery.
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This ppt contains all the details about what is obesity, etiology, & mainly focuses on various methods of assessment of obesity from field tests to lab tests.
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Medooc is a search engine for researching medical information.It has been built by medical
professionals to help others in the community to research and share credible health information.
Doctors, Physcials and medical professionals participate in Medooc.com on day to day basis to help each other.
For more information you can visit:-http://www.medooc.com/
OBESITY
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Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive body fat accumulation that exceeds ideal body weight by 20%. It is caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure influenced by genetic, environmental, and social factors. Obesity management requires a long-term, flexible approach that may include dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, physical activity, drug therapy, and surgery, with the goal of modest and sustained weight loss of 5-10% to improve health outcomes rather than focus on achieving an ideal weight.
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The document discusses obesity trends in the United States. It notes that about 66% of American adults are overweight or obese, with obesity rates more than doubling over the past 30 years. Obesity is associated with increased risk of diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and some cancers. Factors like diet, physical activity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influence obesity rates. Maintaining a BMI between 20-25 through energy balance is considered the healthiest weight range.
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associated with co-morbidities including type 2 DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnoea,
obesity hypoventilation syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, stateohepatosis, asthma, back and lower
limb degenerative problem, cancer and premature death. Morbid obesity has acquired epidemic proportions in the west. Traditional approaches to weight loss including diet, exercise and medication achieve no more than 5-10 % reduction in body weight with high relapse rates. So far, there was no effective remedy for morbid obesity. Bariatric surgery is the only effective means of achieving long term weight loss in the severely obese. The international guideline for bariatric surgery are BMI > 40 kg/m2 BMI > 35 kg/m2 together with obesity related disease. Bariatric surgery can achieve sustained weight loss durable to at least 15 years and causes marked improvement in co-morbidities.
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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
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ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
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Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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Obesity
- 1. OBESITY By Michael Freeman November 2011
- 2. Obesity n. the condition of being very fat.
- 3. Obesity can be measured by calculating a persons Body Mass Index (BMI).
- 4. Mass (kg) Height (m) ² BMI =
- 5. Less than 18.5 BMI Underweight Over 40 BMI Morbidly obese Normal Range 18.5 to 25 BMI Obese 30 to 39 BMI
- 6. Underweight Obesity related co-morbidities: Low risk (but higher risk of other clinical problems increased)
- 7. Normal Range Obesity related co-morbidities: Average risk
- 8. Overweight Obesity related co-morbidities: Increased risk
- 9. Obese Obesity related co-morbidities: Medium to High risk
- 10. Morbidly Obese Obesity related co-morbidities: Very high risk
- 12. 1 in 4 adults are obese.
- 13. 60% of adults are overweight or obese.
- 14. 1 in 10 children are obese.
- 16. Source: OECD http://www.ecosante.org/index2.php?base=OCDE&langs=ENG&langh=ENG *Self reported data (prevalence rates for the other countries are based on measured data)
- 17. We are what we eat.
- 22. What are the ‘ s associated with obesity?
- 23. This is a close up image of cancer cells. Did you know…
- 24. … that around 10% of all cancer deaths a year are related to obesity.
- 25. And did you know that…
- 26. Through high blood cholesterol levels
- 27. And diabetes
- 29. You are 3 times more likely to have a heart attack.
- 30. “ Obesity is a leading cause of serious diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer.” Professor Dame Sally Davies, England’s Chief Medical Officer
- 31. Getting to a normal weight range. 18.5 – 25 BMI
- 32. How to tackle the issue.
- 33. “ Increasing physical activity is a part of the equation, but reducing the amount of calories we consume is key.” Professor Dame Sally Davies, England’s Chief Medical Officer
- 35. Do more exercise
- 36. Live longer and healthier.
- 37. Source Material List Department of Health Media Centre Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition National Health Service, UK All images have been taken from Google searches.