pathophysiology of obesity

1. Pathophysiology of obesity
Mr. Bestha Chakrapani
Associate professor
Department of pharmacology
Balaji college of pharmacy
Anantapur

2. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has
accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on
health.
Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases,
particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep
apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.
Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of
excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic
susceptibility
 A few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine
disorders, medications, or mental illness.

3. Obesity is mostly preventable through a combination of social
changes and personal choices.
Changes to diet and exercising are the main treatments.
Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of
energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat and sugars, and by
increasing the intake of dietary fiber.
Medications may be taken, along with a suitable diet, to reduce
appetite or decrease fat absorption.
 If diet, exercise, and medication are not effective, a gastric
balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or
bowel length, leading to feeling full earlier or a reduced ability to
absorb nutrients from food.

4. BMI (kg/m2)
Classification
from up to
18.5 underweight
18.5 25.0 normal weight
25.0 30.0 overweight
30.0 35.0 class I obesity
35.0 40.0 class II obesity
40.0 class III obesity
Classification of obesity

5. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has
accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on
health.

8. Health issues due to obesity
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes type 2
Musculoskeletal disorders
Cancers-endometrial, cervical and
colon
Infertility
Gallstones
Premature death and disability

9. Just the Facts!
According to WHO:
1.6 billion adults (over 15 years old)
are overweight
400 million are obese
 2.3 billion will be overweight and
700 million obese

10. Heart Disease and Diabetes
Heart Disease
The world’s number #1 cause of death
Kills 17 million each year around the world
Heart attack
Stroke
Diabetes type 2
Becoming global epidemic
WHO projects diabetes will increase by 50%
across the world

11. Diabetes Type 2
• Symptoms
– Blurred vision
– Erectile dysfunction
– Fatigue
– Frequent or slow-healing
infections
– Increased appetite
– Increased thirst
– Increased urination

12. Complications of Diabetes
Heart disease and stroke
Glaucoma
Neuropathy…especially the feet
Skin complications...wounds do not
heal well
Diabetic retinopathy (eye disease)
Kidney disease and kidney failure
Damage to blood vessels that supply
the legs and feet (peripheral vascular
disease)

13. Fruits and Vegetables
WHO states:
Fruits and vegetables need to be part of
the daily diet to prevent disease such as
obesity and noncommunicable disease
The statistics are startling
Lack of enough fruits and vegetables cause
19% of GI deaths
31% of Ischemic heart disease
11% of stroke

16. How much fruit is enough
WHO recommends at least 400 gms of
fruit and vegetables each day…
This will prevent chronic disease related
to overweight and obesity
Heart disease
Diabetes
Cancers

49. Thank
you