The OECD Regional Sustainable Development Division is working on a project on Resilient Cities. This is the overview by Setsuko Saya, Head of Regional Sustainable Development, OECD.
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/
Aspects of Urban resilience.
Presented as part of the Nature Addicts workshop, in the context of Eleusis Cultural Capital of Europe 2021 in Eleusis May 23, 2017
Craig Applegath of Cohos Evamy presents on the need for resilient cities in the face of increasingly volatile social and environmental changes.
Presented at the 5th annual Green Building Festival in Toronto, Canada, 2009.
Presentation on Resilient Cities made at the ICLEI conference on Resilient Cities 2015 held in Bonn, Germany, by Tadashi Matsumoto, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Presentazione utilizzata da Ricardo Cepeda, C40 Climate Leadership Group and the network Solid Waste Initiative, durante il suo intervento alla conferenza internazionale Milano Recycle City, che si è svolta il 6 giugno 2014 presso la Fabbrica del Vapore di Milano
C40 Climate Leadership Groupin Zachary Tofiaksen esitys Cities Acting Together on Climate Change Sitran kaupunkeihin uutta voimaa resurssiviisaudesta -tilaisuudessa 2.6.2015
The OECD Regional Sustainable Development Division is working on a project on Resilient Cities. This is the overview by Setsuko Saya, Head of Regional Sustainable Development, OECD.
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/
Aspects of Urban resilience.
Presented as part of the Nature Addicts workshop, in the context of Eleusis Cultural Capital of Europe 2021 in Eleusis May 23, 2017
Craig Applegath of Cohos Evamy presents on the need for resilient cities in the face of increasingly volatile social and environmental changes.
Presented at the 5th annual Green Building Festival in Toronto, Canada, 2009.
Presentation on Resilient Cities made at the ICLEI conference on Resilient Cities 2015 held in Bonn, Germany, by Tadashi Matsumoto, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Presentazione utilizzata da Ricardo Cepeda, C40 Climate Leadership Group and the network Solid Waste Initiative, durante il suo intervento alla conferenza internazionale Milano Recycle City, che si è svolta il 6 giugno 2014 presso la Fabbrica del Vapore di Milano
C40 Climate Leadership Groupin Zachary Tofiaksen esitys Cities Acting Together on Climate Change Sitran kaupunkeihin uutta voimaa resurssiviisaudesta -tilaisuudessa 2.6.2015
An Urban Design Approach to a Sustainable Compact City in New Growth Potentia...drboon
Existence of Cities always depends on the region for the resources-land, food, water, energy or maybe cheap labor. The resource base is vital for the survival of the cities. With increasing urban sprawl there is a great impact on the future of cities and their sustenance. The primary intent of the study is to demonstrate an Urban Design approach towards a sustainable compact urban model in new growth potential areas (case of Cyberabad, Hyderabad, India) as a means to counteract city’s faceless sprawl and environmental degradation by generating compact high density, low energy, mixed-use living and integrating it with the existing city fabric reducing the ecological footprint for future generations. As the selected site offers good natural features, ecologically sensitive areas of the site i.e. Steep slope areas, catchment channels and climatically unsuitable areas from the open space system of the development. The sustainable compact city design approach balances the environmental loads and the growth of city saving resources, conserving energy and enhancing the quality of life.
Presentation on Green infrastructure for Urban AreasVijeta Nigam
Rapid urbanization and scarcity of land are the characters of present India’s urban face. Migration of population continuously adds pressure on the natural growth of the towns and cities. The value of “Green Infrastructure” is needed to be upgraded with the growing communities and their built environment. The concept of green infrastructure shifts opens space protection from a community amenity to a community necessity. It comprises of many built elements of varying scales at different levels like individual building, street or an entire neighbourhood. The network of open space, woodlands, wildlife habitat, parks and other natural areas altogether sustains clean air, water and natural resources also enhances our quality of life needs to be taken under consideration.
The present study encompasses the need, importance,
principles, concept and examples and recommendations of green growth including international case studies.
Paul Roebuck, one of our London based ecologists, takes you through some basics on green infrastructure in the UK and highlights some really interesting projects we have worked on and exciting future developments.
The slides cover legislation, mitigation, habitat creation, ecology impact assessments and green roofs and walls.
Spatial planning is increasingly being considered as an important mechanism in coping with flood risk due to climate change. One of the reasons for this is that engineering approaches are increasingly expensive and cannot provide complete certainty of protection against climate-related floods. The thesis examines whether and how spatial planning is used in urban areas to promote resilience to flood
risk and climate change. In this study, planning is considered as the regulation of physical implementation as well as the process of policy-making that guides spatial development. This process mainly involves the interaction and collaboration between actors (both public and private).
The notion of resilience is being used more and more in discussions of complex issues like the impact of climate-related flood risks on spatial development. The interpretations of resilience can vary significantly depending on the local context,
the focus of spatial development and the interests of the actors involved in decision- making. The study proposes six characteristics of planning decision-making that
can help to promote the resilience of cities. These comprise: (i) considering the current situation, (ii) examining trends and future threats, (iii) learning from previous experience, (iv) setting goals, (v) initiating actions, and (vi) involving the public. The importance of these characteristics over time for policy and practice is examined according to empirical evidence from detailed case study analysis. Six case studies are presented, four in Taiwan and two in the Netherlands. In all of the case studies, the issue of flood risk and spatial development is considered important by policy- makers, but the planning strategies used to tackle climate-related flood risks are often different, as are the experiences of flooding and governance arrangements.
The information gathered is primarily based on interviews and the review of planning policies, government reports and research documents.
Comparative analysis is a central focus of the study. The analysis has both a national and international perspective, comparing cases within Taiwan and between Taiwan and the Netherlands. The national comparison examines the way in which local planning governance is addressed in shaping decisions to deal with flood risks. This can vary among cases which share similar spatial development objectives and national institutional framework. The international comparison between Taiwan and the Netherlands examines the roles of planning to promote urban resilience in the context of flood risk and climate change.
Three conclusions can be drawn. First, the interpretation of resilience is dependent on the views and interests of the actors involved. These change over time and can be seen in different episodes of policy-making. Second, the importance of the different
Lecture 10: Urban Metabolism: Conceptualizing the City as an OrganismESD UNU-IAS
Lecture 10: Urban Metabolism: Conceptualizing the City as an Organism
Dr. Alexandros Gasparatos (University of Tokyo)
2018 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers' School
8 March 2018
The City Resilience Framework provides a lens through which the complexity of cities and the drivers that contribute to a city’s resilience can be understood. The 12 capacities in the 100RC City Resilience Framework collectively determine its ability a city’s resilience to a wide range of shocks and stresses.
An Urban Design Approach to a Sustainable Compact City in New Growth Potentia...drboon
Existence of Cities always depends on the region for the resources-land, food, water, energy or maybe cheap labor. The resource base is vital for the survival of the cities. With increasing urban sprawl there is a great impact on the future of cities and their sustenance. The primary intent of the study is to demonstrate an Urban Design approach towards a sustainable compact urban model in new growth potential areas (case of Cyberabad, Hyderabad, India) as a means to counteract city’s faceless sprawl and environmental degradation by generating compact high density, low energy, mixed-use living and integrating it with the existing city fabric reducing the ecological footprint for future generations. As the selected site offers good natural features, ecologically sensitive areas of the site i.e. Steep slope areas, catchment channels and climatically unsuitable areas from the open space system of the development. The sustainable compact city design approach balances the environmental loads and the growth of city saving resources, conserving energy and enhancing the quality of life.
Presentation on Green infrastructure for Urban AreasVijeta Nigam
Rapid urbanization and scarcity of land are the characters of present India’s urban face. Migration of population continuously adds pressure on the natural growth of the towns and cities. The value of “Green Infrastructure” is needed to be upgraded with the growing communities and their built environment. The concept of green infrastructure shifts opens space protection from a community amenity to a community necessity. It comprises of many built elements of varying scales at different levels like individual building, street or an entire neighbourhood. The network of open space, woodlands, wildlife habitat, parks and other natural areas altogether sustains clean air, water and natural resources also enhances our quality of life needs to be taken under consideration.
The present study encompasses the need, importance,
principles, concept and examples and recommendations of green growth including international case studies.
Paul Roebuck, one of our London based ecologists, takes you through some basics on green infrastructure in the UK and highlights some really interesting projects we have worked on and exciting future developments.
The slides cover legislation, mitigation, habitat creation, ecology impact assessments and green roofs and walls.
Spatial planning is increasingly being considered as an important mechanism in coping with flood risk due to climate change. One of the reasons for this is that engineering approaches are increasingly expensive and cannot provide complete certainty of protection against climate-related floods. The thesis examines whether and how spatial planning is used in urban areas to promote resilience to flood
risk and climate change. In this study, planning is considered as the regulation of physical implementation as well as the process of policy-making that guides spatial development. This process mainly involves the interaction and collaboration between actors (both public and private).
The notion of resilience is being used more and more in discussions of complex issues like the impact of climate-related flood risks on spatial development. The interpretations of resilience can vary significantly depending on the local context,
the focus of spatial development and the interests of the actors involved in decision- making. The study proposes six characteristics of planning decision-making that
can help to promote the resilience of cities. These comprise: (i) considering the current situation, (ii) examining trends and future threats, (iii) learning from previous experience, (iv) setting goals, (v) initiating actions, and (vi) involving the public. The importance of these characteristics over time for policy and practice is examined according to empirical evidence from detailed case study analysis. Six case studies are presented, four in Taiwan and two in the Netherlands. In all of the case studies, the issue of flood risk and spatial development is considered important by policy- makers, but the planning strategies used to tackle climate-related flood risks are often different, as are the experiences of flooding and governance arrangements.
The information gathered is primarily based on interviews and the review of planning policies, government reports and research documents.
Comparative analysis is a central focus of the study. The analysis has both a national and international perspective, comparing cases within Taiwan and between Taiwan and the Netherlands. The national comparison examines the way in which local planning governance is addressed in shaping decisions to deal with flood risks. This can vary among cases which share similar spatial development objectives and national institutional framework. The international comparison between Taiwan and the Netherlands examines the roles of planning to promote urban resilience in the context of flood risk and climate change.
Three conclusions can be drawn. First, the interpretation of resilience is dependent on the views and interests of the actors involved. These change over time and can be seen in different episodes of policy-making. Second, the importance of the different
Lecture 10: Urban Metabolism: Conceptualizing the City as an OrganismESD UNU-IAS
Lecture 10: Urban Metabolism: Conceptualizing the City as an Organism
Dr. Alexandros Gasparatos (University of Tokyo)
2018 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers' School
8 March 2018
The City Resilience Framework provides a lens through which the complexity of cities and the drivers that contribute to a city’s resilience can be understood. The 12 capacities in the 100RC City Resilience Framework collectively determine its ability a city’s resilience to a wide range of shocks and stresses.
The City Resilience Framework is a unique framework developed by Arup with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, based on extensive research in cities. It provides a lens to understand the complexity of cities and the drivers that contribute to their resilience. Looking at these drivers can help cities to assess the extent of their resilience, to identify critical areas of weakness, and to identify actions and programs to improve the city’s resilience.
Just as cities are hubs for innovations and investments that expand opportunities, they are also living laboratories forced to confront challenges of increasing complexity. What, and who, makes a city resilient—and not just livable in the short-term—has become an increasingly critical question, one we set out to answer in late 2012 with our partners at Arup through the creation of a City Resilience Index.
Shocks and stresses are growing in frequency, impact and scale, with the ability to ripple across systems
and geographies. But cities are largely unprepared to respond, withstand, and rebound when disaster
strikes. The greatest burden of these increasing shocks, such as the impacts of climate change or public
health threats, often falls on poor and vulnerable people who have limited resources to cope with disaster
and who take longer to recover from it, disrupting livelihoods and increasing inequality.
Urban populations are facing increasing challenges from numerous natural and manmade pressures such as rapid urbanisation, climate change, terrorism and increased risks from natural hazards. Cities must learn to adapt and thrive in the face of these diverse challenges - they must learn how to build resilience in an uncertain world. Armed with this knowledge and understanding, governments, donors, investors, policy makers, and the private sector will be able to develop effective strategies to foster more resilient cities.
Supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the City Resilience Index (CRI) is being developed by Arup. It builds on extensive research undertaken by Arup to establish an accessible, evidence-based definition of urban resilience, which culminated in the publication of the City Resilience Framework (CRF) in April 2014 (www.arup.com/cri). This provides a holistic articulation of city resilience, structured around four dimensions and 12 goals that are critical for the resilience of our cities. This structure also forms the foundations of the CRI.
Who is the CRI for?
The CRI will measure relative performance over time rather than comparison between cities. It will not deliver an overall single score for comparing performance between cities, neither will it provide a world ranking of the most resilient cities. However, it will provide a common basis of measurement and assessment to better facilitate dialogue and knowledge-sharing between cities.
It is envisaged that the CRI will primarily be used by city governments who are in the best position to gather administrative data, but it can also be used by other interested organisations and individuals (for example, universities, non-governmental organisations, community groups). It is intended that the CRI process will also provide the means for cities to capture the views of the poor and vulnerable groups as they normally suffer more severely the impacts of disruptions and failures.
The first part of Team Downtown's presentation on "How to Keep Downtown Manhattan Safe and Resilient"
For a few months before the conference, three American-Dutch Strategy Teams of 6 to 8 experts have collaborated on how to protect three areas of New York and New Jersey from future storms. In this session, an American-Dutch team presents its synthesis, combining the best knowledge, solutions and experience from both sides of the Atlantic, on how to protect South Street Seaport and downtown Manhattan.
For the entire presentation, please go to https://www.dropbox.com/s/07tb36uxcmmsgd7/0930%20SS1%20TDT.pptx
Cities around the world are facing challenges brought about by rapid increases in population and geographic spread, which places greater pressure on infrastructure and services. Climate change impacts, including rising sea level, more frequent and severe storms, coastal erosion and declining freshwater sources will likely exacerbate these urban issues, in particular in poor and vulnerable communities that lack adequate infrastructure and services.
Globally, the impacts of climate change on urban areas have received less attention than on rural areas where poverty levels are higher and populations depend directly on climate-sensitive livelihoods. However, more than 50% of the world’s population currently lives in cities. By 2050, this figure is expected to increase to 70%, or 6.4 billion people, and Asian cities are likely to account for more than 60% of this increase. Urban areas are the economic powerhouses that support both the aspirations of the poor and most national economies. Furthermore, urban residents and the economic activity they generate depend on systems that are fragile and often subject to failure under the combination of climate and development pressures. If urban systems fail, the potential direct and indirect impacts of climate change on urban residents in general, on poor and vulnerable populations, and on the wider economy is massive. As a result, work on urban climate resilience is of critical importance in overall global initiatives to address the impacts of climate change.
The Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) works at the intersection of climate change, urban systems and social vulnerability to consider both direct and indirect impacts of climate change in urban areas.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
How can resilience planning processes be used for integrated resources management within a city? This presentation presents three recent examples from the Rockefeller Foundation's Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) and 100 Resilient Cities initiatives.
Enabling City Resilience through Building PerformanceEntuitive
How will your client’s business rebound after it’s struck by an unexpected and potentially catastrophic event? Entuitive’s Barry Charnish and Matthew Smith explored the subject of designing for performance to support resilience in both organizations and communities at the Sanford Fleming Forum organized by The Centre for Resilience of Critical Infrastructure. Dig into designing for seismic, climate, fire, and targeted events in their presentation.
Social Resilience andNatural Resource Dependent Societies -Kenya-Dr. Asenath Maobe
This lecture was presented to Master of Science Students at the University of Nairobi, in January 2021 at the invitation of Prof. Joanes Atela a seasoned climate change expert and a convener of Africa Research and Impact Network (ARIN).
The lecture highlights the praxis between social resilience and natural resource dependent societies, a Kenyan context. Enjoy!
This power point helps Anthropology students on the course 'Culture, Risk and Resilience'.
Mr. Kebede Lemu (Lecturer of Social Anthropology, Bule Hora University)
Review of concepts and relationships_Dr. Vishal NarainSaciWATERs
Overview of key project concepts and
relationships around peri-urban, climate
change, adaption, vulnerability and
water security
- Dr. Vishal Narain, MDI
System Approach to Resilience-Based Design: Political Decisions and Steps Tow...Franco Bontempi
Urban Resilience: Methodologies, Tools and Evaluation. Theory and Practice.
Resilient Cities
Re-thinking Urban Transformation
Series Editors
Nicola Tollin, SDU Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, West Yorkshire, Denmark
Jordi Morató, UNESCO Chair on Sustainability, Technical University
of Catalunya, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
Ernesto DR Santibanez Gonzalez, Centre Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
SORINGER VERLAG
Webinar1: Ron Martin - Shocking Aspects of Regional Development: The Economic...OECD CFE
As a part of the project ‘”Building resiliency through greater adaptability to long-term challenges” LEED is conducting a series of expert webinars to explore the conceptual and practical dimensions of the notion of ‘local economic resilience’. These 1-hour webinars are an opportunity to gatherpolicy experts, academics and local practitioners for a short and in-depth discussion followed by a question and answers session. . The first two webinars “Understanding resilience” were held in early December 2015 and focused on how to define and measure economic resilience, particularly in the context of local labour markets.
Community Resilience for the Environmental Health officerDavid Eisenman
Why is community resilience important to environmental health officers in public health? What are some challenges to incorporating this approach in EH?
In this paper we revisit the conceptualization of poverty and rigidity traps (Carpenter and Brock 2008) by considering how representations of stability landscapes can affect spatial and temporal micro- and macro-dynamics which shape the very landscapes that contain these traps. Transformations are radical changes of micro- and/or macro-dynamics that reshape the possibilities to escape these traps by reshaping the basins of attraction and the landscape as a whole. Conceptualizing and then representing via heuristic models broader scale dynamics in the form of dynamic landscapes and smaller scale dynamics in the form of stability landscapes and basins of attraction raises new questions and new understanding of how the lenses with which we approach time and space dynamics impact the way SES develop and/or can be managed over time. In this thinking, institutions and how they operate in relation to micro- and macro-dynamics resemble some archetypical behavioral patterns conceptualized as institutional traps.
According to Victor Polterovich (2008), institutional traps are basically inefficient yet stable norms of behavior. Institutional traps are supported by mechanisms of coordination, learning, linkage and cultural inertia. The acceleration of economic growth, systemic crisis, the evolution of some cultural characteristics and the development of civil society may result in breaking out of institutional traps (Ibid). Hence, within the field of social-ecological systems resilience and transition studies, motivated by the possibility of breaking out of traps, understanding these traps from the stand-point of systems modeling, especially through visualizations such as the now almost ubiquitous ball and cup diagrams and stability landscapes, has become de rigueur.
Unquestionably, these visualizations have contributed in important ways to our collective understanding of social-ecological systems, and to better illustrating not only traps, but also possibilities for escaping or avoiding them. We do not intend here to diminish the value of these important initial contributions (add cites here), rather, our hope is to creatively and somewhat critically approach them for the purposes of expanding their explanatory utility, to acknowledge both limits to as well new frontiers in that explanatory utility. In so doing, we must state clearly that we understand the nuances between metaphors and models, and the complexity of their use in scientific discourse (for an excellent review of this subject, see Kretzenbacher 2003), and that in the process of proposing novel perspectives on traps in social-ecological systems, we may fall into traps of our own making. We take this risk happily, confident that the contribution outweighs the consternation, especially if such risks lead to a wider discussion of traps and how we conceive of their existence, their emergence, and their ability to be mitigated, avoided, or deconstructed entirely.
MDGs and Global Environmental Change - Governance, Innovation and LearningEuforic Services
Presentation by Andreas Rechkemmer (IHDP) during the High Level Policy Forum - After 2015: Promoting Pro-poor Policy after the MDGs - Brussels, 23 June 2009 - http://www.bit.ly/after2015
Disasters and Resilience: Issues and PerspectivesOSU_Superfund
PREPARED BY: Nina Lam, Professor LSU Environmental Sciences January 29, 2013
More information on symposium: http://superfund.oregonstate.edu/LSUSymposium1.13
Presentation by Laurie Schintler, George Mason University, US
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’
Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Dani Shefer, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
High-tech services to companies in the city: therise of the modern economy in...Regional Science Academy
Presentation by Ana Maria Bonomi Barufi, NEREUS, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Peter Nijkamp in cooperation with
Karima Kourtit
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Alexandra Bitusikova, Matej Bel University
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’
Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Roger Stough, George Mason University
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by John Östh, Aura Reggiani
& Laurie Schintler
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’
Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by João Romão, University of Algarve - Hokkaido University
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Oto Hudec, Technical University of Košice
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Kamila Borsekova, Matej Bel University
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Assessing Metropolitan Transportation Investments: Spatial Econometrics-CGE C...Regional Science Academy
Presentation by Zhenhua Chen, Ohio State University and Kingsley E. Haynes, George Mason University
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Patricio Aroca, Business School, UAI, CHILE,
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Aura Reggiani, University of Bologna, Italy
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’
Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Creative Capital, Information & Communication Technologies, & Economic Growth...Regional Science Academy
Presentation by Amit Batabyal, Rochester Institute of Technology
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’
Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Tomaz Ponce Dentinho, University of Azores
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’
Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
Presentation by Soushi Suzuki, Peter Nijkamp and Karima Kourtit
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Urban Empires - Cities as Global Rulers in the New Urban World’
Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland (August, 2016)
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. City of Resilience
Oto Hudec,
TUKE, Faculty of Economics, Košice, Slovakia
Sometimes I feel like I don't have a partner
Sometimes I feel like my only friend
It's the city I live in, the City of Angels
Lonely as I am, together we cry
Red Hot Chili Peppers – Under the Bridge
2. Content
• Resilience people and cities
• Global shocks local resilience,
• Typology of risks/threats
• Economic resilience, resilience capacity
• Resilience, adaptive systems and related terms
• Cities of resilience, adaptive planning
3. Intro: People, cities and resilience
• People: Resilience is about lasting, about making it through
crises, inner strength and strong physical constitution,
• Cities -they too need to last, to respond to crises and adapt in a
way that may cause them to change and grow differently;
• Cities require an inner strength in people (agility, spirit, ...), as well
as a strong physical infrastructure and built environment. *
• Resilience of cities is related to its people resilience, although....
In Pompei, year 62, possibly resilient people were at a wrong
place.
• Cities of fear - decisions based on short-term, even panicked
responses; threats seen everywhere
• Cities of hope - long term planning, consensus around
cooperation and partnership, threats as opportunities
* Peter Newman, Timothy Beatley, and Heather Boyer. Resilient cities : responding to peak oil and climate change. 2009
4. Before the global time
• Mt Peleé, St. Pierre, Martinique, 1902.
• City officials wanted to keep voters in the
city for an election that was to be held
on May 11. Based on newspaper
articles, many people in the countryside
flocked to St. Pierre thinking that it was
the safest place to be. The population
ballooned to about 28,000, nearly all of
which would perish in the cataclysmic
eruption of May 8.
• Cause: Nature
• Local disaster
• Result: Today the city is in decay
5. Tsunami Phi Phi Island, Thailand 2004
• December 26, 2004 tsunami
struck the island from two
sides, more than 4,000
victims.
• Cause: nature, seismic waves,
• Local disaster,
• Global humanitarian aid.
• Today: evacuation plan, risk
management, etc. (adaptive
capacity strenghtened )
6. But.. Global threats and local effects
• Financial crisis 2007: cost
10-25 trillions 1012 USD
• Cause: man-humans -
global spread
• Today, higher regulation of
the financial sector,
monitoring, preventive
measures, warning systems,
etc.
• If there is resilience and
vulnerability, must be also
economic resilience and
economic vulnerability
Unemployment rate Slovakia
Far from the NYSE and Lehman Brothers
8. Economic resilience
* Pendall, R., Foster, K. A. and Cowell, M. (2010) Resilience and Regions: Building Understanding of the Metaphor. Cambridge Journal
of Regions, Economy and Society
Product or employment
• Regional growth in output and
population or rates of
unemployment, poverty or labour
force participation can be considered
at least partly equilibrium
phenomena.*
• Economic resilience is the ability to
anticipate, prepare for, respond to,
and recover from a disturbance.
• The resistance of a system to
disturbances and the speed of return
to its pre-shock state (equilibrium)
9. -0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Resilience capacity
Economic vulnerability
Slovakia
West of the country:
higher resilience capacity
and at the same time
higher relative change in
the unemployment –
vulnerability to global
economic shocks
closer to the European
economic core and
export oriented
(Volkswagen, KIA , Peugeot,
IBM, DHL, Hewlett Packard,
Samsung, etc.)
Hudec, O., Reggiani, A., Šiserová, M.: Resilience Capacity and Vulnerability: The Case of Slovakia, submitted to Region.
11. The same with Adaptation to Climate Change
Global shocks local resilience
• Climate change adaptation - an incentive for a real
change in a way to sustainability?
• Uncertainty in speed and scale of impact,
• Causal linkages between global effects and everyday life
are not visible,
• Socio-ecological systems – to puzzle out climate change
and to adapt is a critical challenge of our time, and will
drastically modify the way our societies function.
• Global risks and their typology:
14. Increasing complexity
• Complexity.. Black swans, Butterfly effects: the wave of small
butterfly wings somewhere on one side of the globe can cause
drastic impact somewhere (Edward Lorenz, MIT, 1963)
• Geographical space is one of the playgrounds for complex dynamics
... dynamic phenomena have one feature in common: the low
predictability of uncertain interrelated events occurring at different
interconnected spatio-temporal scale levels and often originating
from different disciplinary backgrounds.*
• But local reactions: nature and society attempts to self-organise in a
chaotic world and there is a tendency towards a state of balance
(equilibria).
• Also, cities, social-ecological systems are getting more complex.
• M. Batty: to understand cities, we must view them not simply as
places in space but as systems of networks and flows. **
* Reggiani, A., Nijkamp, eds. P. Complexity and Spatial Networks: In Search of Simplicity, Springer, 2009
** Batty, M. The new science of cities, Cambridge, The MIT Press, 2013
15. How to think about future? Not everything is a
black swan and not always there is a second serve possibility
slow-moving risks and disturbances and rapid, extreme events
16. The Resilience Inference Measurement (RIM) Model (Dept. of
Environmental Sciences Louisiana State University) and many other
models.
Exposure. Vulnerability, Adaptability, mitigation to damages –
several possibilities for measures.
17. Different approaches to resilience
* Hassler U., Kohler N. (2014) Resilience in the built environment, Building Research & Information, 42:2, 119-129
Resilience was an implicit part of traditional construction knowledge
- oversizing of components and spaces, redundancy and reparability
were forms of tacit construction knowledge (Schön, 1983).
Different context of resilience: individual, physical system – material,
ecological system, social systems, economic system, disaster risk
management,...
Multidisciplinarity: built environment as social-ecological system,
includes manmade building and infrastructure stocks that constitute the
physical, natural, economic, social and cultural capital.*
18. The Three Main Definitions of Resilience
across various disciplines
Definition/Type Interpretation Main Fields of Use
1 Resilience as
‘bounce back’ from
shocks
System returns, ‘rebounds’, to
preshock state or path: emphasizes
speed and extent of recovery.
So-called ‘engineering resilience’, found in
physical sciences, some versions of ecology;
similar to ‘selfrestoring equilibrium dynamics’
in mainstream economics?
2 Resilience as
‘ability to absorb’
shocks
Emphasises stability of system
structure, function and identity in
the face of shocks“.. the capacity of
a system to absorb disturbance and
reorganize while undergoing change
so as to still retain essentially the
same function, structure, identity
and feedbacks.
So-called ‘extended ecological resilience’,
found in ecology and social ecology; similar to
multiple equilibrium economics? Too strong
shock can change economic structures, no
return to preshock state or path - pushed to a
new equilibrium state or path: the effect of
the shock is permanent - there is a memory of
the shock and hysteresis may occurre.
3 Resilience as
‘positive
adaptability’ in
anticipation of, or in
response to, shocks
Capacity of a system to maintain
core performances despite shocks
by adapting its structure, functions
and organization. Idea of ‘bounce
forward’ instead of bounce back,
adaptive resilience.
Found in psychological sciences (individuals)
and organisational theory; capacity to undergo
successful change in structures, functions and
behaviour; measures to minimise the impact of
any future reoccurrence of a shock. can be
linked with evolutionary economics? CAS:
complex adaptive systems theory - modularity
and redundancy
Martin, R., Sunley, P: On the notion of regional economic resilience: conceptualization and explanation, J Econ Geogr, 2014.
19. 4 basic possible
reactions
Y – regional
product or
employment
Hosp. pokles (a) Hosp. pokles (b)
Hosp. pokles (c) Hosp. pokles (d)
Produktnebozamestnanosť
Martin, R., Sunley, P: On the notion of regional economic resilience: conceptualization and explanation, J Econ Geogr, 2014.
20. Positive adaptability - robustness and
economics
• Modularity - a system structure which component subsystems or
elements are only partially or weakly connected or linked... if one
subsystem or element is affected by a shock, the effect remains
relatively contained and its diffusion throughout the whole system is
minimised.
• Although one module of a system may lack resilience, the system as
whole display robustness in the face of shocks.
• Robustness is higher if the failure of one module can be compensated
by others - redundancy : there are identical or similar components or
subsystems (modules) which can replace each other when one fails.
• Hard to translate it to social-economic systems, but an attention to
issues such as structural diversity, relational networks, related variety,
supply chains, food security, etc.
• And there is a question of self-organising and/or design of systems. How
to balance the perfect system design with self-organising dynamics?
21. Environment – sustainability – resilience
• Holling (1973) - the first definition: that is a measure of the persistence of
systems and of their ability to absorb change and disturbance and still
maintain the same relationships between populations or state variables
(Holling, Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems, 1973).
• Theoretical challenge of urban resilience to develop a multidisciplinary
theory that integrates a variety of urban dimensions such as social,
economic, cultural, environmental, spatial and physical infrastructure, into
a unified conceptual framework for understanding the resilience of cities
and how they should move towards a more resilient state.
• SHIFT OF CONCEPTS
Local Environment
protection
Sustainability Resilience
static systemic, linear or
circular processes of
growth
dynamic - adaptation added,
networks, self-renewal and survival,
to prepare for the un-projectable,
the impossible-to-imagine
22. Resilience concept, sustainability and
planning
• SHIFT: Sustainability can be made, but resilience happens ...
and than we need to trust the system we created to maintain
its elements and functions.
• RESILIENCE MEANS PLANNING THE FUTURE IN UNCERTAINTY
• Planning and uncertainty – not a best friends.
• Strategic concept of resilience: approaches from short-term
(re-)action to long-term strategy, from sectorial or individual
competition to collaboration*
• Resilient systems are defined in contrast to vulnerable systems
where, in the wake of exposure to external stresses, places
and/or systems suffer irreparable and irreversible damage.
* Stumpp E-M: New in town? On resilience and ‘‘Resilient Cities’’. Cities 32 (2013) 164–166
24. Resilient city planning framework
Y. Jabareen: Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with climate change and environmental risk Cities 31 (2013) 220–229
25. Governance capacities
• We do have a lack in institutions for flexible collaboration across
scales (regions, cities, neighbourhoods, infrastructure stocks).
• Land, strategic, crisis management and planning – different
worlds, goverments and self-government, sectors and territories,
• Identification and control of inter-scalar processes.
• Operational system: clear directions for institutions influencing
adaptive capacity and resilience allowing to coping with
uncertainty and surprise.
• The concept of resilience as a chance to address the long-term
evolution of the built environment and to combine different
approaches to planning, design, operation, management, value
and governance
26. Resilient city – City of resilience
• Resilient cities have built-in systems - built to adapt to change - a
diversity of transport and land-use systems, multiple sources of
renewable power.*
• Basic question for resilience: reaction to future (external) shock – what
happens to city under extreme stress.
• No „laboratories“ could exist to test the reactions, only previous
examples e.g in hazards (New Orleans, Phi Phi Island, Fukushima,...)
• divided city scenario - Detroit, Liverpool – resilient example,..
• resilient city scenario as necessity – CAS: modularity, redundancy - eco-
friendly, alternative forms of fuel, green, walkable centres, polycentric,
distributed – small scale systems, place-based.
• „Europe needs self-confident, resilient and sustainable regions and
cities.“**
* Gehl J. et al., New City Life (Copenhagen: Danish Architectural Press, 2006).
** Opinion of the European economic and social Committee, European Parliament, 2009.
27. • From 2 million to 700 thousand
population
• From Fordism to post-fordism
• (modern ) times they are changin'
Detroit
28. o Rockefeller Foundation:
o Stresses: high unemployment; an overtaxed or inefficient public
transportation system; endemic violence; chronic food and water
shortages.
o How -by addressing both the shocks and the stresses, City
government, robust resilience strategy, access to solutions,
networking public, private, NGO and other resilient cities
o Extensive research has shown that resilient cities demonstrate
seven qualities: • Reflectiveness • Resourcefulness • Robustness
• Redundancy • Flexibility • Inclusiveness • Integration
29. Conclusions, overlaps, many questions
• Multidisciplinarity as a challenge to analyse and operationalise,
• RESILIENCE as redundancy, modularity, diversity in agents
(components) or connections,
• Urban planning – a change to adaptive strategic planning,
• Human Social System - close to comunity, organisation, social
capital, endogeneous concepts, LED,
• Resources, physical built in system – close to smart cities,
• COST of resilience: Resilience and robustness are abstract, very
costly public goods,
• Trade-off between well designed and self-organisation,
• Thank you for your attention, please answer the questions