Zachary Tofias: Cities Acting Together on Climate Change
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C40 Climate Leadership Groupin Zachary Tofiaksen esitys Cities Acting Together on Climate Change Sitran kaupunkeihin uutta voimaa resurssiviisaudesta -tilaisuudessa 2.6.2015
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Zachary Tofias: Cities Acting Together on Climate Change
- 1. C40 SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES INITIATIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Zachary Tofias, C40 Cities Head Sustainable Communities Initiative
- 2. 2 WHY CITIES Cities are part of the problem 468 cities will contribute 60% of global GDP & 50% Co2 growth by 2030 20% 50% 60% New Climate Economy Cities Population GDP ($US) C02 Emissions Contribution to Global Growth
- 3. 3 THIS IS C40 MEMBERS, FACTS & FIGURES POTENTIAL AND POPULATION C40 Cities represent an emission reduction potential of over 1 billion Tonnes of CO2. The collective population is more than the USA and Brazil combined – over half a billion people. 500+ Million people 75 C40 MEMBER CITIES REPRESENT: 25% of global GDP
- 4. 4 THIS IS C40 10 Years of C40 2005 20152010 C40 was founded in 2005 by then Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, together with representatives from 18 cities. In 2010, Mayor Michael Bloomberg became Chair and set C40 on a course to become the preeminent city-focused climate organization. Rio de Janeiro Mayor Eduardo Paes began his tenure as Chair in 2013 and has overseen a rapid expansion of the C40, including new efforts related to City Diplomacy. 2013 David Miller, then Mayor of Toronto chaired C40 2008-2010 and created new ambitious visions for the organization. 20082006 In 2006, C40 formalized a delivery partnership with the Clinton Climate Initiative.
- 5. C40: DELIVERING OUTCOMES THROUGH TARGETED INITIATIVES 5 C40 Networks City led and focused on outcomes 18 Networks bring sector practitioners and experts together 90% Of cities report that network interactions improved their plans +300 Documents uploaded to a shared library Adaptation & Water Energy Finance & Economic Development Solid Waste Management Sustainable Communities Transportation Measurement & Planning
- 6. TRENDS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The Context Mayors have strong powers over urban planning policies, and Community Scale actions are amongst the most frequently sited action in the C40 CAM 2.0 report ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT INCREASING OPPORTUNITIES
- 7. THE OPPORTUNITY Good news: urban green growth is possible “Many of the policy & institutional reforms needed to revitalise growth and improve well-being over the next 15 years can also help reduce climate risk.” (NCE) Portland, Oregon
- 8. TAKING ACTION Reported action in C40 cities has doubled 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Transport Outdoor Lighting Waste Management Water Community-scale… ICT2011 2013 http://www.c40.org/research
- 9. THE ELEMENTS What are the elements of a successful low carbon city? COMPACT CONNECTED COORDINATED
- 10. COMPACT
- 11. COMPACT Sprawl is the enemy 60% of growth in energy consumption is due to urban sprawl Extra concrete & steel alone could add 470GT CO2 by 2050 7 million premature deaths due to air pollution in 2012
- 12. 12 COMPACT Sprawl costs the United States over $400 billion per year Sprawl costs in the United States per year SOURCE: Litman (2014) for New Climate Economy commissioned by LSE Cities. Note: these denote the potential savings from smart growth policies. See Litman, T., 2014 (forthcoming). Analysis of Public Policies that Unintentionally Encourage and Subsidize Urban Sprawl for detail of underlying data sources. Total Billion US$ External costs: air pollution, congestion, noise, others 217 90 72 31 0 100 200 300 400 500 Increased public service costs Crash costs Increased infrastructure capital costs Total costs to individuals: 324 billion US$* 410 *(including travel time, vehicle ownership etc.)
- 13. COMPACT Tale of Two Cities: Transit and Density Source: WRI and NCE Population: 2.5 million Rapid Transit: 74 km Urban area: 4,280 km2 Per capita transport CO2: 7.5 t Population: 2.8 million Rapid Transit: 153 km Urban area: 162 km2 Per cap ann. transport CO2: 0.7 t ATLANTA BARCELONA
- 14. CONNECTED
- 15. CONNECTED “A successful city is not one where the poor drive cars, but where the rich take the bus” • Bus Rapid Transit is transforming mobility trends • 50% time & cost gains from BRT in Lagos • Social gains: Joburg Corridors of Freedom • Majority of BRT is now in developed cities: knowledge transfer from south to north
- 16. BUILT ENVIRONMENT But of course planning and transport policy are not the only drivers of sustainable cities... And mayors are delivering in areas thought to be the preserve of national government
- 17. 17 BUILT ENVIRONMENT Buildings are key to city emissions Buildings account for 45% of reported emissions in C40 Cities 47% 61% 39% 27% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% East Asia Europe North America Latin America Southeast Asia & Oceania
- 18. BUILT ENVIRONMENT Carbon pricing is happening at a city level: Tokyo Cap and Trade • Covers 1,400 buildings (including factories) • 2010-2014: 8% reduction 2015- 2019: 17% reduction • 60% of targeted facilities reduced more than 2014 target • 20% already succeeded in meeting 2019 target • Little actual trading as a result • 6 Chinese cities now trialing cap and trade as a result
- 19. COORDINATED
- 20. 20 COORDINATED Integrated Planning Creating policies to enable low carbon developments Johannesburg Corridors of Freedom Heidelberg Bahnstadt • Identifying successful processes for the development of master plans using an integrated planning process • Creating policies to enable low carbon developments
- 21. COORDINATED Running on data: Barcelona urban platform • Open, modular platform that inter-connects, standardizes, and automates data processes across the entire city • Emergency situations can be anticipated and responses from different services coordinated • Citizen engagement • 20% energy reduction by 2020
- 22. TRENDS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Ambitious Goal Setting
- 23. 23 Reinvent large-scale urban development to reduce greenhouse gases through a performance based framework that provides urban laboratories for how cities can grow in ways that are environmentally sustainable and economically viable Climate Positive Development
- 24. AMBITIOUS GOAL SETTING Achieving a Climate Positive Outcome • Create detailed integrated plans that quantify operational emissions • Develop an emissions baseline, to allow the identification of opportunities and to measure reductions • Maximize energy efficiency and the utilization of renewable energy • Reduce waste to landfill, and ideally use waste as a resource • Minimize private vehicle travel, and promote walkability and low-carbon mass transit • Expand the impact into the surrounding community
- 25. 25 AMBITIOUS GOAL SETTING Journey to becoming Climate Positive Stage 1: Candidate: Project Application Accepted • Letter of Intent in conjunction with C40 City support Stage 2: Participant: Detailed Plans Approved • Roadmap (strategies and tactics to achieve net negative GHG) • Measurement and Verification Plan • Partnerships • Milestones Stage 3: Progress Site: Development Following Roadmap • Implementation • Evidence that strategies and tactics are operational • Measurement of emissions impact at milestones Stage 4: Climate Positive: Project Completion • Measurement and verification that net operational emissions are below zero
- 26. AMBITIOUS GOAL SETTING The Framework Maximizing efficiency and minimizing emissions onsite; earning Climate Positive Credits by reducing emissions in the community
- 27. 27 AMBITIOUS GOAL SETTING Beacon Projects 17 Projects in 12 C40 Cities
- 28. 28 AMBITIOUS GOAL SETTING Barangaroo – Sydney, Australia
- 29. 29 AMBITIOUS GOAL SETTING Elephant & Castle - London, UK
- 30. 30 AMBITIOUS GOAL SETTING Stockholm Royal Seaport – Stockholm, Sweden
- 31. 31 AMBITIOUS GOAL SETTING Mahindra World City Jaipur – Jaipur, India
- 32. Can cities really make a difference?
- 33. MAKING A DIFFERENCE Cities can play a major role in closing the 2020 ‘emissions gap’ 56 44 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 BaU To avoid 2 degree warming Savings needed GHGemissions[GtCO2e/yr] 4 % 26 % 70 % Current city commitments City potential Remaining Source: Ecofys Source: WRI, C40 GHG savings by 2020 Contribution from cities
- 34. MAKING A DIFFERENCE The most successful cities will be the most collaborative
- 35. Theory of Change: • The best source of information is another city representative with experience on the topic • Networks facilitate high-value peer-to-peer sharing among city practitioners through targeted workshops, conference calls, webinars, shared documentation, and collaborative partnerships with third-party resources • Networks also foster communal learning toward a menu of best practices that accelerate local processes and ultimately improve outcomes. MAKING A DIFFERENCE 35 Network Results London launched a Building Energy Challenge modeled on other C40 cities. LEV Network Clean Bus Declaration commits to 40,000+ clean buses across 22 cities Networks connect decision makers in cities to drive and accelerate climate action
- 36. “The worst thing is not having the information, to not have the tools to act. But we do now. All member cities now have the tools available through C40 to help reach our shared vision for the future.” Chair of C40 and Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Eduardo Paes
- 37. FOLLOW US C40.org 37 Thank you! Questions Zachary Tofias ztofias@c40.org Twitter: @C40ClimPositive