Surveing
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The document discusses types of surveying including photogrammetry, boundary surveying, control surveying, engineering surveying, topographic surveying, route surveys, and hydrographic surveying. It also discusses leveling, which is the determination of elevation or difference in elevation between points referenced to a datum. Leveling is important for providing slope for water supply, leveling fields with minimal earth movement while varying water supply based on field conditions, and improving efficiency of water, labor, and energy resource utilization.
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Types of Surveying
1. Plane Surveying
2. Geodetic Survey
3. Cadastral surveying
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5. Hydro graphic Surveying (Hydro-Survey)
6. Topographical Survey
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Primary division of Surveying
Reconnaissance.
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Objectives of Reconnaissance
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Classification of Surveying:
1- Classification based on the instruments used:
A. Chain Surveying.
B. Compass Surveying.
C. Theodolite Surveying.
D. Tachometric Surveying .
E. Trigonometric Surveying.
F. Total station and GPS.
G. Photogrammetric and Aerial Surveying.
H. Plan Table .
2- According to the method used:
i. Traversing .
ii. Triangulation .
iii. Tacheometric.
iv. Trigonometric.
3- According to the Purpose of surveying:
i. Engineering survey.
ii. Military survey.
iii. Geological survey .
iv. Topographical survey
Chain and Tape Survey
-Length& Distance Measurements.
-Distance Measurement and Chain Surveying.
• In general there are two methods:
1- Direct methods of measuring lengths
2- Indirect methods of measuring distances.
There are two kinds of measurements used in plane surveying.
*Linear measurements
*Angular measurements
-Instruments used in Chain Surveying.
Types of tapes based on the materials used.
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Asst. Prof. Salar K.Hussein
Mr. Kamal Y.Abdullah
Asst.Lecturer. Dilveen H. Omar
Erbil Polytechnic University
Technical Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
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Civil engineering involves designing, planning, constructing, and maintaining infrastructure like roads, bridges, buildings, dams, canals, and water supply systems. It includes fields like surveying, structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, water resources engineering, and environmental engineering. Civil engineers work on projects ranging from buildings to bridges to dams to roads and more. Their role involves planning, estimating, supervising construction, managing projects, and maintaining structures.
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2. The earliest land surveys date back to ancient Egyptians and Greeks who divided land and built structures using simple tools. Modern surveying developed through improvements to tools like the theodolite in the 18th-19th centuries.
3. Common types of modern land surveys include boundary surveys, construction surveys, mortgage surveys, topographic surveys, and subdivision surveys, each with different purposes and applications. Land surveying provides essential
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The document provides an introduction to the field of surveying, including definitions of surveying, its objectives, fundamental principles, classifications based on nature, purpose and instruments used, and applications. It also describes various methods of linear measurements in surveying such as chaining, optical methods, EDM methods, and approximate methods. Details on types of chains, instruments used in chaining, and the method of direct measurements are provided.
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The document provides a summary of a lecture note on surveying and levelling. It begins with an introduction that defines surveying and discusses its key stages. It then covers different types of surveying based on whether the curvature of the earth is considered, as well as classifications based on instruments used, area surveyed, and method. The classifications include plane, geodetic, land, marine, astronomical, engineering, control, geological, and military surveys. Methods like triangulation, traverse, open and closed traverses are also discussed. Finally, it outlines different specializations within surveying practice like general, planning, building, quantity, and rural practice surveyors.
Surveying I
This document provides an overview of surveying. It defines surveying and discusses its key stages: taking a general view, observation and measurement, and presentation of data. It also classifies surveying into plane and geodetic surveying based on whether the curvature of the Earth is accounted for. The document further classifies surveying based on the instruments used, surface area surveyed, purpose, and method used. Finally, it outlines different classifications of surveyors, including general practice, planning and development, building, quantity, rural practice, mineral, and land surveyors.
L4 engineering surveys for highways 1.3
Different types of surveys for Highway location survey, map study, reconnaissance, topographic surveys,
drawing report preparation.
surveying- lecture notes for engineers
Course Contents:
Introduction; Linear measurements; Analysis and adjustment of measurements, Survey methods: coordinate systems, bearings, horizontal control, traversing, triangulation, detail surveying; Orientation and position; Areas and volumes; Setting out; Curve ranging; Global Positioning system (GPS); Photogrammetry.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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Surveing
- 1. Career Point Cares Fundamentals of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering (AGL308) Mr. Rohitashv Nagar Assistant Professor Department of Agronomy School of Agricultural Sciences Career Point University, Kota (Raj.)
- 2. Career Point Cares Lecture-3 Basic Surveying
- 3. Career Point Cares Surveying: Surveying is the science and art of determining the relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the earth’s surface and locating the points in the field.
- 4. Career Point Cares Types of Surveys 1. Photogrammetry – mapping utilizing data obtained by camera or other sensors carried in airplanes or satellites. 2. Boundary Surveying – establishing property corners, boundaries, and areas of land parcels. 3. Control Surveying – establish a network of horizontal and vertical monuments that serve as a reference framework for other survey projects.
- 5. Career Point Cares 4. Engineering Surveying – Providing points and elevations for the building Civil Engineering projects. 5. Topographic Surveying – Collecting data and preparing maps showing the locations of natural man-made features and elevations of points of the ground for multiple uses. 6. Route Surveys – Topographic and other surveys for long – narrow projects associated with Civil Engineering projects like- Highways, railroads, pipelines.
- 6. Career Point Cares 7. Hydrographic Surveying – Mapping of shorelines and the bottom of bodies of water.
- 7. Career Point Cares Leveling : Leveling is the determination of the elevation of a point or difference between points referenced to some datum. Importance of land leveling: 1. To provide a slope which fits a water supply. 2. To level the field to its best condition with minimal earth movement and then vary the water supply for the field condition. 3. Land leveling always improves the efficiency of water, labour and energy resources utilization.