This document discusses watershed management. It defines a watershed as any surface area from which rainfall drains through a common point. Watershed management is described as implementing land and water practices to protect water quality and other natural resources within a watershed. The document outlines different types of watersheds classified by size and land use. It lists 10 objectives of watershed management programs, such as soil and water conservation and utilizing runoff water. Key concepts and principles of watershed management are also presented, including land use based on capability, rainwater conservation, and check dams to control erosion.

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Fundamentals of Soil and Water Conservation
Engineering
(AGL308)
Mr. Rohitashv Nagar
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy
School of Agricultural Sciences
Career Point University, Kota (Raj.)

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Lecture-4
Watershed Management

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Watershed : Watershed is defined as any surface area from which
rainfall is collected and drains through a common point.
Watershed Management: Watershed management is a term used
to describe the process of implementing land use practices and
water management practices to protect and improve the quality of
the water and other natural resources within a watershed by
managing the use of those land and water resources in a
comprehensive manner.

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TYPES OF WATERSHED:
Watersheds is classified depending upon the size, drainage, shape and
land use pattern.
Macro watershed (400-1000 ha.)
Sub-watershed (200 to 400 ha.)
Milli-watershed (10 to 40 ha.)
Micro watershed (0 to 10 ha.)
Mini watershed (40 to 200 ha.)

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Objectives of watershed management
The different objectives of watershed management programmers are:
1. To control damaging runoff and degradation and thereby conservation of
soil and water.
2. To manage and utilize the runoff water for useful purpose.
3. To protect, conserve and improve the land of watershed for more
efficient and sustained production.
4. To protect and enhance the water resource originating in the watershed.
5. To check soil erosion and to reduce the effect of sediment yield on the
watershed.

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6. To rehabilitate the deteriorating lands.
7. To moderate the floods peaks at down stream areas.
8. To increase infiltration of rainwater.
9. To improve and increase the production of timbers, fodder and
wild life resource.
10. To enhance the ground water recharge, wherever applicable.

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Concepts of Watershed Management
Soil, vegetation and water are most important vital natural
resources for the existence of the man and his animals. These
three interdependent resources can bee managed collectively,
conveniently, simultaneously and efficiently on watershed
basis.

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Principles of Watershed Management
1. Utilizing the land according to its capability based on land use
classification.
2. Conserving as much rainwater as possible at the place where it falls
“in situ” Conservation.
3. Draining out excess water with a safe velocity and diverting it to
storage structure (farm ponds, tanks) for future use.
4. Avoiding gully formation and putting up check dams at suitable places
to control soil erosion, to store rain water and recharge groundwater.

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5. Identifying a suitable cropping pattern for the watershed area.
6. Maximizing productivity per unit time and per unit water.
7. Increasing cropping intensity and land equivalent ratio through
intercropping and sequence cropping.
8. Safe utilization of marginal and waste lands through alternate
land use systems such as agro-forestry.
9. Ensuring sustainability of the ecosystem benefiting the man-
animal plant-land-water complex in the watershed.

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