This document provides an introduction to the Global Positioning System (GPS) including how it works and its applications in civil engineering. GPS uses a network of satellites that transmit precise position and timing signals to Earth, which are processed by GPS receivers to calculate location. Originally developed by the US Navy in the 1960s for navigation, GPS is now widely used for surveying, navigation, and military targeting. It allows for highly precise positioning and has advantages over traditional surveying methods by being faster, easier to use, and reducing errors.

1. “Global Positioning System”
GPS
Introduction and Applications in Civil Engineering
Presented by – Pushpraj Choudhary

2. Contents
▪ Introduction
▪ Working
▪ Applications
▪ Advantages

3. INTRODUCTION
GPS or Global Positioning System is a network of orbiting
satellites that send precise details of their position in space back to
earth.
The signals are obtained by GPS receivers, such as navigation devices
and are used to calculate the exact position, speed and time at the
vehicles location.
The very first GPS system was developed in the 1960’s to allow ships
in the US Navy to navigate the oceans more accurately.

4. How GPS works
There are three parts to a GPS
system:
A constellation of between 24
and 32 solar-powered
satellites (including three
backup satellites ) orbiting
the earth in orbits at an
altitude of approximately
20000 kilometers,
A master control station and
Four control and monitoring
stations and GPS receivers
such as the one in a car.

5. Each of the satellites is in an orbit that allows a receiver to detect
at least four of the operational satellites.The satellites send out
microwave signals to a receiver where the built-in computer uses
these signals to work out your precise distance from each of the
four satellites and then triangulates your exact position on the
planet to the nearest few meters based on these distances.

6. Applications Of GPS
 SURVEYING - Many companies in India and abroad uses GPS to locate different points,
preparing contour maps, giving alignments of roads, bridges where precision is very
essential. This system gives us the accurate geographic position required for land surveying.
 NAVIGATION - It is used for navigation purposes in aircraft, ships, submarines etc
 MILITARY - It is now exceedingly used to locate the enemy targets and subsequently
hitting them by GPS information guided missiles.
 PUBLIC USES - For public use simpler version are available for locating the vehicles, the
individuals and the places, in hiking and mountaineering expeditions and other number of
applications.

7. Advantages Of GPS
 It helps to survey with many times greater Precision.
 This system is fast replacing with conventional methods of surveying likeTriangulation,
Traversing, etc.
 It helps to complete a Survey with lesser time and thus helps to cut down the
Completion Period.
 It Reduces the Difficulty of taking manual measurements to great extent.
 With GPS there is a very less chances of error. And this error may come only due to the
instrument malfunction.

8. THANKYOU
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