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Surgical
Management
of Obesity
Refrence :
Schwartzs Principles of Surgery 10th ed Page 1099
Presented by Dr Sadatinejad, Seyyed Mohsen,student of Medicine
from Iran,Kashan 29/1/2017
DISEASE OF OBESITY
- the second leading cause of preventable death in
the United States
Epidemiology
-2013 : obesity prevalence in the United States = 35.7% of
U.S. adults (class 1 or higher)
-Genetic
- parents of normal weight :
10% chance of obese child (in adulthood)
- two obese parents :
80-90% chance of obese child (in adulthood)
-Environment : Diet and culture
- lack of satiety + excessive caloric intake
-reduced metabolic activity
-reduced thermogenic response to meals
-intraluminal bacterial composition of the intestinal tract
-.
Concurrent Medical and Social Problem
Social :
NO Public facilities : size of bus or airline seats/ clothing /size of
automobile cabins
thought being lazy and lacking self-discipline by others
stigma of severe obesity
Depression
Poor self-image
Concurrent Medical and Social Problem
Medical :
DJD
low back pain
Hypertension
obstructive sleep apnea
GERD
Cholelithiasis
diabetes II
Hyperlipidemia
Asthma
cardiac arrhythmias
right-sided heart failure
migraine headaches
pseudotumor cerebri
venous stasis ulcers
DVT
fungal skin rashes
skin abscesses
stress urinary incontinence
infertility
.
dysmenorrhea
depression
abdominal wall hernias
cancers :
Uterus
Breast
Colon
Prostate
Prognosis
estimate :
a severely obese male at age 21 will live 12 years less
and a woman 9 years less than a nonobese individual
The incidence of severe obesity
◦ for men, it is decreased above age 50
◦ This is due to the fact that the severely obese man often is
dead of comorbid medical conditions, especially cardiac
arrhythmias and coronary artery disease, by age 50.
Medical Management
Life Style (diet + exercise + behavior modification)
The success rate for the severely obese patient is only 3%.
(success = to no longer be obese and maintaining that weight loss)
Rx
Orlistat, Qsymia, Lorcaserin
Surgical Management
(Bariatric Surgery)
Surgical Management
(Bariatric Surgery)
Surgical Management
(Bariatric Surgery)
laparoscopic Adjustable gastric Banding
LAGB involves placement of an inflatable silicone band around the
proximal stomach
laparoscopic Adjustable gastric Banding
outcome
 5 and 7 years after LAGB, patients lost 60% and 58% of excess weight
 Hypertension resolving in 55% at 1 year
 Sleep apnea decreasing from 33% to 2%
GERD improving in over 50% of cases
 Asthma,depression,and quality of life improving
 Resolution of diabetes was 13% in the medical group versus 73% in
the surgical group after a 2-year follow-up
Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
a proximal gastric pouch of
small size (often <20 mL)
separated from the distal
stomach.
A Roux limb of proximal
jejunum is anastomosed to
the pouch.
Biliopancreatic limb :20-50 cm
Roux limb :75 to 150 cm
The pathway of that limb
Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
Relative contraindications
 previous gastric surgery
 previous antireflux surgery
 severe iron deficiency anemia
 distal gastric or duodenal lesions that require ongoing future
endoscopy
 Barrett’s esophagus with severe dysplasia.
Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
Outcome
 Weight Loss : 60%-70% of excess body weight / during 1 years
 GERD and venous stasis ulcers : Resolution over 90%
 Diabetes II : Resolution over 80% / during 5 years
 Hyperlipidemias : improve 100% and resolve totally in 70%.
 Hypertension : resolves in 50-65% of cases
Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
Complications
 0.3% incidence of anastomotic leak
 1-19% incidence of anastomotic stenosis
 3-15% incidence of marginal ulcers
 7% incidence of bowel obstruction
 Postoperative nutritional complications after LRYGB
 66% incidence of iron deficiency
 5% incidence of iron deficiency anemia
 50% incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency
 15% incidence of vitamin D deficiency
Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
 Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch
(BPD-DS)
 A part of the stomach is removed
 the surgeon leaves the pylorus intact
 then connect it to the ileum (distal 250 cm)
Duodenal Switch
Weight loss : 70% and very durable
complication :
obstruction 1.2%
marginal ulcer 2.8%
Nutritional complication
protein malnutrition 7%
iron deficiency anemia <5%
bone demineralization (5 years) 53%
Alopecia, night blindness, gallstones
Duodenal Switch
 Patient must accept frequent, voluminous bowel movements
 Pateint must modify their eating pattern to restrict intake if not
access to a bathroom
Contraindications :
 patient must agree to close follow-up by the surgeon
 Patients must have the financial affordability for the
large number of supplements
Duodenal Switch
Sleeve gastrectomy
This procedure (SG) represents the
gastric portion of the DS procedure
Sleeve gastrectomy
outcome:
SG is superior to LAGB for excess weight
loss at 3 years (66% vs. 48%)
SG have greater appetite suppression
and a lower serum ghrelin level
Complication :
bleeding rate of the staple line
staple line leakage
Thank you for tour attention

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Surgical Management of Obesity درمان جراحی چاقی

  • 1. Surgical Management of Obesity Refrence : Schwartzs Principles of Surgery 10th ed Page 1099 Presented by Dr Sadatinejad, Seyyed Mohsen,student of Medicine from Iran,Kashan 29/1/2017
  • 2. DISEASE OF OBESITY - the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States
  • 3. Epidemiology -2013 : obesity prevalence in the United States = 35.7% of U.S. adults (class 1 or higher) -Genetic - parents of normal weight : 10% chance of obese child (in adulthood) - two obese parents : 80-90% chance of obese child (in adulthood) -Environment : Diet and culture - lack of satiety + excessive caloric intake -reduced metabolic activity -reduced thermogenic response to meals -intraluminal bacterial composition of the intestinal tract -.
  • 4. Concurrent Medical and Social Problem Social : NO Public facilities : size of bus or airline seats/ clothing /size of automobile cabins thought being lazy and lacking self-discipline by others stigma of severe obesity Depression Poor self-image
  • 5. Concurrent Medical and Social Problem Medical : DJD low back pain Hypertension obstructive sleep apnea GERD Cholelithiasis diabetes II Hyperlipidemia Asthma cardiac arrhythmias right-sided heart failure migraine headaches pseudotumor cerebri venous stasis ulcers DVT fungal skin rashes skin abscesses stress urinary incontinence infertility . dysmenorrhea depression abdominal wall hernias cancers : Uterus Breast Colon Prostate
  • 6. Prognosis estimate : a severely obese male at age 21 will live 12 years less and a woman 9 years less than a nonobese individual The incidence of severe obesity ◦ for men, it is decreased above age 50 ◦ This is due to the fact that the severely obese man often is dead of comorbid medical conditions, especially cardiac arrhythmias and coronary artery disease, by age 50.
  • 7. Medical Management Life Style (diet + exercise + behavior modification) The success rate for the severely obese patient is only 3%. (success = to no longer be obese and maintaining that weight loss) Rx Orlistat, Qsymia, Lorcaserin
  • 11. laparoscopic Adjustable gastric Banding LAGB involves placement of an inflatable silicone band around the proximal stomach
  • 12.
  • 13. laparoscopic Adjustable gastric Banding outcome  5 and 7 years after LAGB, patients lost 60% and 58% of excess weight  Hypertension resolving in 55% at 1 year  Sleep apnea decreasing from 33% to 2% GERD improving in over 50% of cases  Asthma,depression,and quality of life improving  Resolution of diabetes was 13% in the medical group versus 73% in the surgical group after a 2-year follow-up
  • 14. Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass a proximal gastric pouch of small size (often <20 mL) separated from the distal stomach. A Roux limb of proximal jejunum is anastomosed to the pouch. Biliopancreatic limb :20-50 cm Roux limb :75 to 150 cm
  • 15. The pathway of that limb Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
  • 16. Relative contraindications  previous gastric surgery  previous antireflux surgery  severe iron deficiency anemia  distal gastric or duodenal lesions that require ongoing future endoscopy  Barrett’s esophagus with severe dysplasia. Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
  • 17. Outcome  Weight Loss : 60%-70% of excess body weight / during 1 years  GERD and venous stasis ulcers : Resolution over 90%  Diabetes II : Resolution over 80% / during 5 years  Hyperlipidemias : improve 100% and resolve totally in 70%.  Hypertension : resolves in 50-65% of cases Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
  • 18. Complications  0.3% incidence of anastomotic leak  1-19% incidence of anastomotic stenosis  3-15% incidence of marginal ulcers  7% incidence of bowel obstruction  Postoperative nutritional complications after LRYGB  66% incidence of iron deficiency  5% incidence of iron deficiency anemia  50% incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency  15% incidence of vitamin D deficiency Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
  • 19.  Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS)  A part of the stomach is removed  the surgeon leaves the pylorus intact  then connect it to the ileum (distal 250 cm) Duodenal Switch
  • 20. Weight loss : 70% and very durable complication : obstruction 1.2% marginal ulcer 2.8% Nutritional complication protein malnutrition 7% iron deficiency anemia <5% bone demineralization (5 years) 53% Alopecia, night blindness, gallstones Duodenal Switch
  • 21.  Patient must accept frequent, voluminous bowel movements  Pateint must modify their eating pattern to restrict intake if not access to a bathroom Contraindications :  patient must agree to close follow-up by the surgeon  Patients must have the financial affordability for the large number of supplements Duodenal Switch
  • 22.
  • 23. Sleeve gastrectomy This procedure (SG) represents the gastric portion of the DS procedure
  • 24.
  • 25. Sleeve gastrectomy outcome: SG is superior to LAGB for excess weight loss at 3 years (66% vs. 48%) SG have greater appetite suppression and a lower serum ghrelin level Complication : bleeding rate of the staple line staple line leakage
  • 26. Thank you for tour attention

Editor's Notes

  1. The fact that the American Medical Association waited until the summer of 2013 to acknowledge obesity as a disease entity illustrates this statement. Obesity isa disease and is likely multifactori
  2. inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase enzymes that promote lipid absorption in the intestine weight loss of between 6% and 10% of body weight after 1 year, but reversible a combination of phentermine and topiramate, produced a 5% weight loss in over 70% of patients after 1 year a central serotonin agonist, produced a 5% weight loss in 47% of patients taking the medication
  3. Dumping syndrome :Symptoms of early dumping include nausea, vomiting, bloating, cramping, diarrhea, dizziness
  4. Microsoft Confidential
  5. Microsoft Confidential