Melanoma sign symptom management surgery prevention ملانوم درمان جراحی پیشگیری پوست تابش آفتاب sun exposure

1. Melanoma
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

2. What is Melanoma?
• cancer of the melanocytes
• Melanocytes → Stratum Basale
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

3. What is Melanoma?
• sunlight→ melanocytes produce more
pigment, causing the skin to tan.
• moles: benign
• Flat/raised
• round/oval
• small
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

4. Types of Skin Cancer
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

5. Melanoma
• 5% of all skin cancer cases
• causes most skin cancer-related deaths.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

6. Causes of Melanoma
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

7. Risk Factors
• Family history of melanoma
• Dysplastic nevi (noncancerous, but unusual looking moles)
• Previous melanoma
• Many nevi (ordinary moles): more than 50
• Severe, blistering sunburns
• Freckling tendency
• Fair skin, light eyes
• Excessive use of tanning beds
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

8. Signs and Symptoms
• develop suddenly as a new mole or slowly
in or near an existing mole.
• In men, often found between the
shoulders and hips, or the head and neck
• In women, often develops on the lower
legs and between the shoulders and hips.
• also appear under the fingernails or
toenails or on the palms or soles.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

9. Signs and Symptoms cont…
• A skin growth that increases in size and looks
pearly, translucent, tan, brown, black, red, pink,
or multicolored.
• A mole that changes in color or in texture,
becomes irregular in shape, gets larger, or is
bigger than a pencil eraser.
• A spot or growth that continues to itch, hurt,
crust, scab, erode, or bleed.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

10. Signs and Symptoms cont…
• An open sore that lasts for more than 4
weeks, or heals and then reopens.
• A scaly or crusty bump that is horny, dry,
and rough and may produce a pricking or
tender sensation.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

11. ABCD’s of Melanoma
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

12. ABCD’s of Melanoma
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

13. Melanoma
Early Melanoma is totally
curable. If melanomas of
this type are diagnosed
early minor surgery is all
that is required.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

14. 1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention
Melanoma

15. 1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention
Melanoma

16. Stages of Melanoma -
Treatment
• Stage 0 — Also called melanoma in situ
• Treatment is by surgery
• Virtually all of these cases can be cured.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

17. Stages of Melanoma -
Treatment
• Stage IA — low-risk
• less than .75 mm in thickness, and/or has
not penetrated to the dermis
• Treatment is by surgery.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

18. Stages of Melanoma -
Treatment
• Stage IIA — between 1.5 mm and 4 mm
and/or has penetrated the deep dermis.
• Treatment is by surgery.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

19. Stages of Melanoma -
Treatment
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention
Stage IIB — thicker than 4 mm and/or
invades the subcutaneous fat. “satellites”
(around 2 cm). Treatment is by surgery.

20. Stages of Melanoma -
Treatment
• Stage III —spread to the nearest lymph
node.
• Treatment is by surgery.
• Adjacent lymph nodes often removed.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

21. Stages of Melanoma -
Treatment
• Stage IV —spread to other organs such as
the lung, liver, or brain, or to distant areas
of skin or lymph nodes.
• Treatment may include surgery and
chemotherapy
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

22. Surgery
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

23. Surgery
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

24. Surgery
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

25. Surgery
plastic
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

26. Facts
• One person each hour dies from melanoma.
• Melanoma afflicts nearly 45,000 Americans
yearly.
• Affects all age groups and is one of the
most common cancers in young adults
• Melanoma diagnosed at an early stage can
usually be cured, but melanoma diagnosed at
a late stage is more likely to spread and
cause death.
• The Key is PREVENTION!
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

27. Ultraviolet Rays
• UV-A
Penetrate more
deeply into the
skin's layers than
UV-B rays.
• These rays
contribute to
premature aging
and wrinkling of the
skin, to sunburn,
and to skin cancer.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

28. UV Radiation
• UV-B -Stronger than
UV-A, are more
intense in summer
months, at higher
altitudes, and closer
to the equator.
• Most common cause
of sunburning, can
contribute to the
premature aging of
the skin and can
cause cataracts.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

29. UV Radiation
• UV-C
These rays, although the strongest and
most dangerous, are normally filtered by
the ozone layer and do not reach the Earth.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

30. How much UV reaches me?
• Time of Day: UV is greatest
between 10 AM and 3 PM
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

31. How much UV reaches me?
• Where You Live: UV is strongest at the
equator and gets weaker as you move
towards the Earth's poles.
Altitude: The air is cleaner and thinner at
higher altitudes; therefore, UV exposure is
greater in the mountains than in the valleys.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

32. Sun Facts
• Protecting your skin during the first 18 years of life can
reduce the risk of some types of skin cancer by up to 78%.
• You can get a sunburn even on a cloudy day! Up to 80% of
the sun's rays can penetrate light clouds, mist, and fog.
• Severe sunburn during the first 15 years of life can double
the risk of skin cancer.
• You can get sunburned when you are in the water - Water
reflects an additional 5% of the sun's rays back on you.
• Even dry surfaces reflect the sun's rays! Concrete reflects
10% to 12% of the sun's rays.
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

33. Prevention
• 1. UV reflection from sand, water, pavement, cement
and snow doubles the amount of ultraviolet exposure.
• 2. Wear a sunscreen with a minimun of 15 SPF, even on
cloudy days.
• SPF- Sun Protection Factor
• Number= amount of time you can spend in the sun
without getting burned.
• Ex No sunscreen- Burn 10 minutes
• Ex SPF- 5- Burn time 50 minutes
1. overview 4.treatment3. presenation2. cause 5. prevention

34. Thanks for your attention