Style Manuals and Reference Management for Researchers by V. Sriram in Short-term Interaction Programme for PhD Scholars, UGC-HRDC, University of Kerala, India. August 20, 2015.

1. Style Manuals and Reference ManagementStyle Manuals and Reference ManagementStyle Manuals and Reference ManagementStyle Manuals and Reference Management
for Researchersfor Researchersfor Researchersfor Researchers
V. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. SriramV. Sriram
Chief Librarian, K.N. Raj Library
Centre for Development Studies
Thiruvananthapuram
email: vsrirams@gmail.com

2. CONTENTS
Literature – What and How to manage
Basics of referencing – What and Why
Style Manuals
Reference management software
Zotero – FeaturesZotero – Features
Zotero – Word integration

3. LITERATURE
Research requires engagement with literature at
each and every stage starting from exploring the
topic to submission of the paper / theses / report.
Researchers gather a huge mound of literature in
the research process and are often shocked to find
that they are not able to manage it well.that they are not able to manage it well.
Making literature manageable involves assessing
their relevance, systematically keeping track of the
sources, and maintaining notes / annotations

4. TYPES OF SOURCES
Reference Sources
Books, Journals
Grey Literature
Official Government PublicationsOfficial Government Publications
Writing Tools

5. MANAGING LITERATURE
Systematic gathering of sources:
Using proper tools to gather literature – Google
Scholar, Journal Databases, …
Creating bibliographic records and making it
error freeerror free
Organizing by topic, subject, research area…
Linking the soft copy full text for easy retrieval
Assigning a unique primary-key for print items.

6. MANAGING LITERATURE
Annotation / Notes:
Incorporating the following -
Author and the audience
Summary
Critical comments
Notes on relevance

7. REFERENCING
What is referencing?What is referencing?What is referencing?What is referencing?
It is a method used by the researchers to
demonstrate that they have conducted a
thorough and appropriate literature search, and
reading. To accurately acknowledge otherreading. To accurately acknowledge other
people's work and ideas when writing your own
work, you need to use a referencing style. There
are many types of referencing style such as
Chicago Style, MLA, MPA …

8. REFERENCING
Need for referencingNeed for referencingNeed for referencingNeed for referencing
Accurate referencing reflects good academic practice
and enhances the presentation of your work: it shows
that your writing is based on knowledge and informed by
appropriate academic reading.
You need referencing to ensure that anyone reading your
work can trace the sources you have used in the
development of your work, and give you due credit for
your research efforts and quality.
If you do not acknowledge another writer's work or ideas,
you could be accused of plagiarism.

9. CITATION STYLE
Author – Date System
Enumerated System

10. AUTHORAUTHORAUTHORAUTHOR----DATE SYSTEMDATE SYSTEMDATE SYSTEMDATE SYSTEM
In the quest for catching up,
industrialisation was the common
aspiration (Nayyar 2013).
The references should be listed at the end of inThe references should be listed at the end of inThe references should be listed at the end of inThe references should be listed at the end of in
thethethethe alphabetical orderalphabetical orderalphabetical orderalphabetical order of the author.of the author.of the author.of the author.

11. ENUMERATED ORDERENUMERATED ORDERENUMERATED ORDERENUMERATED ORDER
There are now over 1 billion web-sites
hosted on millions of Internet servers [4].
The references are listed at the end of theThe references are listed at the end of theThe references are listed at the end of theThe references are listed at the end of theThe references are listed at the end of theThe references are listed at the end of theThe references are listed at the end of theThe references are listed at the end of the
paper in thepaper in thepaper in thepaper in the numerical ordernumerical ordernumerical ordernumerical order of the citationof the citationof the citationof the citation.

12. STYLE MANUAL
Types of Writing
Consistency / Uniformity
Guidance
ContentsContents

13. STYLE MANUALS
1.1.1.1. Chicago Manual of Style, 16Chicago Manual of Style, 16Chicago Manual of Style, 16Chicago Manual of Style, 16thththth ed. Chicago: Universityed. Chicago: Universityed. Chicago: Universityed. Chicago: University
of Chicago, 2010. (Also online edition)of Chicago, 2010. (Also online edition)of Chicago, 2010. (Also online edition)of Chicago, 2010. (Also online edition)
2. Publication Manual of the American Psychological2. Publication Manual of the American Psychological2. Publication Manual of the American Psychological2. Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, 6Association, 6Association, 6Association, 6thththth ed. Washington: Americaned. Washington: Americaned. Washington: Americaned. Washington: American
Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.Psychological Association, 2009.
3. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 73. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 73. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 73. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 7thththth ed.ed.ed.ed.
Modern Languages Association, 2009.Modern Languages Association, 2009.Modern Languages Association, 2009.Modern Languages Association, 2009.

14. STYLE MANUALS
4. American Anthropological Association (AAA)4. American Anthropological Association (AAA)4. American Anthropological Association (AAA)4. American Anthropological Association (AAA)
5. American Sociological Association Style (ASA)5. American Sociological Association Style (ASA)5. American Sociological Association Style (ASA)5. American Sociological Association Style (ASA)
6. Council of Science Editors Style (CSE), 76. Council of Science Editors Style (CSE), 76. Council of Science Editors Style (CSE), 76. Council of Science Editors Style (CSE), 7thththth ed.,ed.,ed.,ed.,
2006200620062006
7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide7. Columbia Style Guide
8. IEEE Style Guide8. IEEE Style Guide8. IEEE Style Guide8. IEEE Style Guide
9. Modern Humanities Research Association Style9. Modern Humanities Research Association Style9. Modern Humanities Research Association Style9. Modern Humanities Research Association Style
ManualManualManualManual

15. MLA HANDBOOK FOR WRITERS OF RESEARCH
PAPERS…
For using MLA format, please consult:For using MLA format, please consult:For using MLA format, please consult:For using MLA format, please consult:
1.1.1.1. MLA Handbook for WritersMLA Handbook for WritersMLA Handbook for WritersMLA Handbook for Writers
of Research Papers (7of Research Papers (7of Research Papers (7of Research Papers (7thththth edition).edition).edition).edition).
2.2.2.2. MLA Style Manual andMLA Style Manual andMLA Style Manual andMLA Style Manual and
Guide to Scholarly PublishingGuide to Scholarly PublishingGuide to Scholarly PublishingGuide to Scholarly PublishingGuide to Scholarly PublishingGuide to Scholarly PublishingGuide to Scholarly PublishingGuide to Scholarly Publishing
(2nd edition).(2nd edition).(2nd edition).(2nd edition).
The MLA Handbook isThe MLA Handbook isThe MLA Handbook isThe MLA Handbook is
available in most of the librariesavailable in most of the librariesavailable in most of the librariesavailable in most of the libraries
and at the MLA web siteand at the MLA web siteand at the MLA web siteand at the MLA web site
Source: www.mlahandbook.org/.

16. CITATION STYLE
7824 styles and growing …
http://citationstyles.org/
https://zotero.org/styleshttps://zotero.org/styles

17. CITATION STYLE
In text citation
References
Bibliography

18. REFERENCE MANAGEMENT
SOFTWARE
To record the details of all the information you
find. You will need these details to provide
accurate references, and to enable you to locate
the information again at a later date
Benefits:
search easily for a particular reference to whichsearch easily for a particular reference to which
you need to refer back
print or save lists of references
insert citations into your document and
automatically produce a bibliography in
whatever style you require

19. REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE - EVOLUTION
Proprietary / Free Open Source
1980s – Reference Manager, End Note,
Bookends
1990s – Pybliographer, Biblioscape,1990s – Pybliographer, Biblioscape,
2000s – 25 new software – Mendeley,
Zotero
Comparison -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_reference_manageme
nt_software

20. REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE - EVOLUTION
MS Word: References. Citation and
Bibliography
Beginner: Zotero
Advanced: MendeleyAdvanced: Mendeley
LaTex users: JabRef

21. ZOTERO
Free – Open Source
Platform independent
Works Offline and Online
Over 6700 referencing stylesOver 6700 referencing styles
Data Sharing
26 fields
34 Types of Sources
Linking full text / pdf
Integration with MS-Office / Open Office

22. FIREFOX - INSTALLATION

23. ZOTERO - INSTALLATION

24. Zotero - Installation

26. OPEN ZOTERO

27. COLLECTING REFERENCES

28. COLLECTING REFERENCES

29. ADDING ITEMS

30. ORGANIZING ITEMS

31. DRAG & DROP ITEMS

32. NOTES

33. TAGS

34. SEARCHING ITEMS

35. ZOTERO – WORD ADD - IN

36. INSERT CITATION

37. INSERT BIBLIOGRAPHY

38. CREATE ZOTERO ACCOUNT

39. ZOTERO LOGIN

40. SYNCHRONIZE

41. SETTINGS

42. BACKUP

43. CONCLUSION
Organizes your research materials
Long term storage
Reduces data entry and formatting
Helps to develop your researchHelps to develop your research

44. Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!
V. Sriram
email: vsrirams@gmail.com