The document discusses various referencing styles used in academic writing. It defines referencing as acknowledging other people's work and explains that there are standardized methods of formatting sources to avoid plagiarism. Some major styles covered include Harvard, APA, MLA, and Chicago styles. For each style, the document outlines the general formatting for in-text citations and reference lists, such as author name, date, title, publisher. It distinguishes between a reference list of cited sources and a bibliography of all consulted works. Referencing allows readers to access sources and gives proper credit while supporting arguments.

2. Referencing Style
Created
by
Wajiha khan

3. Referencing style
A referencing style is a specific format for
presenting in-text references (footnotes or
endnotes).
It is an act of referring.
 also specifies bibliography.

4. What is referencing style ??
Referencing means acknowledging someone else’s work
or ideas.
It is sometimes called ‘citing’ or ‘documenting’ another
person’s work.
It is a basic research requirement.
It is mandatory for all students to cite or acknowledge
information that has come from other sources.

5. Objective of referencing style
Study of different styles of referencing used all
over the world.
Get the appropriate format of reference or
presenting.
Know the difference between different styles used.
Know the background of the work.

6. Without appropriate referencing students are in
effect “stealing” the work of others - this is
equivalent to academic fraud.
The action of mentioning or alluding to something
important.
The use of a source of information in order to
determine something.

7.  It is a standardized method of formatting the
information sources you have used in your
assignments or research work. Any given
referencing style serves two purposes:
acknowledge the source.
allows the reader to access the source.

8. Why to reference ??
Proves that significant research has been done to
support our analysis .
Enables others to follow up on our work .
Gives credit to other people's work .

9. Avoids plagiarism.
Support all significant argument of the
documents.
Used to indicate the background study of topic &
source for research & further reading.

10. Types of references
Journal Reference
Book Reference
Internet Reference

11. Reference Elements
 Authors name
 Article title
 Journal name
 Year
 Volume
 Page numbers

12. Different styles of writing references
Harvard style of referencing.
American Psychological Association style (APA)
MLA citation style (modern language association).
The Chicago manual of style .

13. Harvard style of referencing
The most commonly used style of referencing worldwide. It is
also known as the author-date style as each reference cited
is characterised by the author's name and the publication
date.
 Author’s name followed by its initials.
 Year of publication.
 Article title with single quotation mark followed by full stop.
 Name of Journal in italic form.

14.  Volume followed by a comma
 Issue no. in bracket.
 Page no.
o Example
 Padda, J. (2003) ‘creative writing in coventry'. Journal of
writing studies 3 (2), 44-59.
 Lennernas, H. (1995) ‘Experimental estimation of the effective
unstirred water layer thickness in the human jejunum & its
importance in oral drug absorption’. Eur. J. pharm
sci (3), 247-253.

15. American Psychological Association style
(APA)
This style is widely used in the social sciences, since
the style is well-suited to quantitative studies and
analysis.
Author’s name followed by its initials.
Year of publication.
Article title followed by full stop.
Name of Journal in italic form

16. Volume followed by a comma
Page no.
o Example
 Alibali, M. W., Phillips, K. M., & Fischer, A. D.
(2009). Learning new problem-solving strategies
leads to changes in problem representation.
Cognitive Development, 24, 89-101.

17. MLA citation style
(modern language association )
This style is widely used in the humanities, since the
style is well-suited to literature and archival
sources.
Authors name.
 Title of article.
 Name of journal.
 Volume number followed by decimal & issue no.

18.  Year of publication.
 Page numbers.
 Medium of publication.
o Example
 Matarrita-Cascante, David. "Beyond Growth:
Reaching Tourism-Led Development." Annals of
Tourism Research 37.4 (2010): 1141-63. Print

19. The Chicago manual of style
 The Chicago Manual of Style itself is an
encyclopedic reference book which spans a wide
range of topics about American English from
grammar and punctuation to bookmaking.

20.  A new edition of the manual is released
once approximately every 10 years by the
University of Chicago Press and is currently
in its 16th release.
 The Chicago Manual of Style source citation
guidelines used in academic writing make
up a small but very important and well-
known portion of that major reference
work.

21.  Name of author.
 Article title in double quotation mark.
 Title of journal in italic.
 Volume.
 Year of publication.
 Page no.
 Example
 Joshua I. Weinstein, “The Market in Plato’s ” Classical
Philology, 104 (2009): 440.

22. Difference between Reference List and
Bibliography
Reference list – a list of sources we have cited in
our text arranged in the order they appeared
within the text.
 It is usually put at the end of our work but it can
also appear as a footnote (at the bottom of the
page), or endnote (at the end of each chp.) which
serves a similar purpose.

23. Bibliography –
A separate list of sources we have
consulted but not specifically cited in our
work including background reading.
 It is arranged alphabetically by the
author's surname.

24. Conclusion
We conclude that there are many standard style used
for referencing, we can use any one of them.
It gives us a standard format of presenting or
reference.
Supports significant statement and helps to know
the origin of work.
Plagiarism can be avoided.

25. Any Question???