This presentation is about citing articles in journals in the research papers in different reference styles like APA Style, Chicago Style, Harvard Style, MLA Style etc.
Dear Colleague,
One of the main goals of Research Leap is to increase the productivity of researchers.
To achieve this goal, we create different contents as manuals and presentations on different topics related to academic writing. Recently, we have been wondering what else we can do to help researchers work smarter and be more productive.
To our surprise, we found that not many researchers are interested in the H-index of their research articles. Though, h-index is not just a number. It is also the number of significant works in the career of a researcher. So, comparing the works contributing to the h-index with the other works of the researcher can give an idea about the research behavior of the scientist. Its importance for researchers is growing depending on the country and management practices.
Therefore, “Citation Index: What is it and why do we need it?” presentation had been created to introduce the “citation index” and “h-index” terms as well as showing guidance to the ways of calculating the h-index of the research articles. Moreover, this presentation will also provide the advice and techniques for increasing the h-index of the research articles.
Chances are you already know some of these terms and techniques. Chances are also that you know somebody who knows none of these techniques… So please share and help spread the word.
Research Leap team created “Citation Index: What is it and why do we need it?” presentation to introduce the “citation index” and “h-index” terms as well as showing guidance to the ways of calculating the h-index of the research articles. Moreover, this presentation provides the advice and techniques for increasing the h-index of the research articles.
You can find the Citation Index: What is it and why do we need it? presentation in the attachment below.
You can find the Citation Index: What is it and why do we need it? presentation in the attachment.
Get expert academic writing tips straight to your inbox, and become a better academic writer.
Access more academic resources and subscribe at https://researchleap.com/category/resources/
In the meantime, you are welcomed to share our work through Linked in, Facebook, Youtube, Slideshare, Instagram, and Pinterest
Kind regards
Dear Colleague,
One of the main goals of Research Leap is to increase the productivity of researchers.
To achieve this goal, we create different contents as manuals and presentations on different topics related to academic writing. Recently, we have been wondering what else we can do to help researchers work smarter and be more productive.
To our surprise, we found that not many researchers are interested in the H-index of their research articles. Though, h-index is not just a number. It is also the number of significant works in the career of a researcher. So, comparing the works contributing to the h-index with the other works of the researcher can give an idea about the research behavior of the scientist. Its importance for researchers is growing depending on the country and management practices.
Therefore, “Citation Index: What is it and why do we need it?” presentation had been created to introduce the “citation index” and “h-index” terms as well as showing guidance to the ways of calculating the h-index of the research articles. Moreover, this presentation will also provide the advice and techniques for increasing the h-index of the research articles.
Chances are you already know some of these terms and techniques. Chances are also that you know somebody who knows none of these techniques… So please share and help spread the word.
Research Leap team created “Citation Index: What is it and why do we need it?” presentation to introduce the “citation index” and “h-index” terms as well as showing guidance to the ways of calculating the h-index of the research articles. Moreover, this presentation provides the advice and techniques for increasing the h-index of the research articles.
You can find the Citation Index: What is it and why do we need it? presentation in the attachment below.
You can find the Citation Index: What is it and why do we need it? presentation in the attachment.
Get expert academic writing tips straight to your inbox, and become a better academic writer.
Access more academic resources and subscribe at https://researchleap.com/category/resources/
In the meantime, you are welcomed to share our work through Linked in, Facebook, Youtube, Slideshare, Instagram, and Pinterest
Kind regards
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
Scopus is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences, and health sciences
Impact Factor Journals as per JCR, SNIP, SJR, IPP, CiteScoreSaptarshi Ghosh
Journal-level metrics
Metrics have become a fact of life in many - if not all - fields of research and scholarship. In an age of information abundance (often termed ‘information overload’), having a shorthand for the signals for where in the ocean of published literature to focus our limited attention has become increasingly important.
Research metrics are sometimes controversial, especially when in popular usage they become proxies for multidimensional concepts such as research quality or impact. Each metric may offer a different emphasis based on its underlying data source, method of calculation, or context of use. For this reason, Elsevier promotes the responsible use of research metrics encapsulated in two “golden rules”. Those are: always use both qualitative and quantitative input for decisions (i.e. expert opinion alongside metrics), and always use more than one research metric as the quantitative input. This second rule acknowledges that performance cannot be expressed by any single metric, as well as the fact that all metrics have specific strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, using multiple complementary metrics can help to provide a more complete picture and reflect different aspects of research productivity and impact in the final assessment. ( Elsevier)
Defining the h index and the calculation process. Also the main advantages and limitations besides how to increasing the h index.
Dr. Hassan Najman MUHAMED
hassan.muhamed@uod.ac
The University of Duhok - Kurdistan region of Iraq
In this referencing style, we shall discuss especially about “APA” format of the referencing style.
A citation tells the readers where the information came from. A reference gives the readers details about the source so that they have a good understanding of what kind of source it is and could find the source themselves if necessary.
Citations occur in the body of the text with direct quotes and paraphrases to identify the author/publication for the material you have used. a "citation" is the brief, often parenthetical information in the body of a work/paper/article.
Reading List and source:
https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/referencelist
https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing?b=g&d=a&group_id=15017
https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/all
https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12108&p=64730
Are you putting together a literature review or a works cited for your scholarly work? Are you unclear about how to cite your sources? Check out this presentation to learn about the many different style manuals, what they are used for, and why they are so important for avoiding plagiarism!
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
Scopus is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences, and health sciences
Impact Factor Journals as per JCR, SNIP, SJR, IPP, CiteScoreSaptarshi Ghosh
Journal-level metrics
Metrics have become a fact of life in many - if not all - fields of research and scholarship. In an age of information abundance (often termed ‘information overload’), having a shorthand for the signals for where in the ocean of published literature to focus our limited attention has become increasingly important.
Research metrics are sometimes controversial, especially when in popular usage they become proxies for multidimensional concepts such as research quality or impact. Each metric may offer a different emphasis based on its underlying data source, method of calculation, or context of use. For this reason, Elsevier promotes the responsible use of research metrics encapsulated in two “golden rules”. Those are: always use both qualitative and quantitative input for decisions (i.e. expert opinion alongside metrics), and always use more than one research metric as the quantitative input. This second rule acknowledges that performance cannot be expressed by any single metric, as well as the fact that all metrics have specific strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, using multiple complementary metrics can help to provide a more complete picture and reflect different aspects of research productivity and impact in the final assessment. ( Elsevier)
Defining the h index and the calculation process. Also the main advantages and limitations besides how to increasing the h index.
Dr. Hassan Najman MUHAMED
hassan.muhamed@uod.ac
The University of Duhok - Kurdistan region of Iraq
In this referencing style, we shall discuss especially about “APA” format of the referencing style.
A citation tells the readers where the information came from. A reference gives the readers details about the source so that they have a good understanding of what kind of source it is and could find the source themselves if necessary.
Citations occur in the body of the text with direct quotes and paraphrases to identify the author/publication for the material you have used. a "citation" is the brief, often parenthetical information in the body of a work/paper/article.
Reading List and source:
https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/referencelist
https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing?b=g&d=a&group_id=15017
https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/all
https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12108&p=64730
Are you putting together a literature review or a works cited for your scholarly work? Are you unclear about how to cite your sources? Check out this presentation to learn about the many different style manuals, what they are used for, and why they are so important for avoiding plagiarism!
APA Citation
1
What is APA style?
Standardized system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work
Is parenthetical (cited in the text)
Guidelines for headings and a reference list
2
Parenthetical, which means the citations appear in the text of your paper. Also a reference list we’ll get to later.
What is APA style?
Author’s Last Name
Year of Publication
Page Number (if a direct quote)
3
Intro: In these citation, they call for three things.
Why Should I Use APA?
Shows honesty about borrowing others’ intellectual property
Provides evidence of your research
Allows readers to locate your sources
Prevents plagiarism
Honesty=much different from hip-hop and electronic music where borrowing without giving credit is a norm. Academic norm is to explicitly give credit.
4
What kind of source do I have?
Book
Page from a Website
Academic (Peer-Reviewed) Journal
In-text Citations: Direct Quote
Example from article (Original Sentence)
“This case study showed that the dominant upper back pain decreased after the RSP decreased through application of RST by using kinesiology tape in a female sedentary worker.”
1. Authors’ names 2. Year of Publication 3. Page number
(2013)
Hwang-Bo, Lee, & Kim
discovered
“dominant upper back pain decreased after the RSP decreased through application of RST by using kinesiology tape in a female sedentary worker”
(p. 611).
Inserted authors’ names, year, and page number at beginning and end
Noticed I also cut off the first part of the sentence because it didn’t really fit with how I wanted to construct my sentence and I want to emphasize their findings.
First time we spell out all name for sources with 1-5 authors. After that, 3,4,5 authors get shortcut the second time. 6 or more authors are always abbreviated.
8
Citation at end of sentence
“dominant upper
back pain decreased after the RSP decreased
through application of RST by using kinesiology
tape in a female sedentary worker”
Researchers discovered that
(Hwang-Bo,
Lee, & Kim, 2013, p. 611).
Subsequent References
1-2 authors-----Always spell out all names
Smith (2001) said….
Smith and Jones (1980) examined…
Applicants’ expectations are outlandish (Smith, 2001).
Applicants’ expectations are outlandish (Smith and Jones, 1980).
*Note that these are paraphrases.
Subsequent References: 3-5 Authors
First Reference:
Wiley, Smith, & Jones (2015) stated most left-handers are artistic.
Most left-handers are artistic (Wiley, Smith, & Jones, 2015).
Spell out all names first mention, then use “et al.”
11
Subsequent References: 3-5 Authors
Subsequent Reference: Wiley et al. (2015) state scary movies affect left-handers more than right-handers.
Scary movies affect left-handers more than right-handers (Wiley et al., 2015).
6 or more Authors
Start with first author, then use “et al.”
Johnson et al. (2015) defend the claim that…..
No Author Named
Use short ...
Citing is the process of giving credit to the sources you used to write your paper
Write in your own words
Citation located within the text
A “reference list” usually called “Literature Cited” section
located at the end of the work.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A TECHNICAL ESSAY .docxdirkrplav
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A
TECHNICAL ESSAY
INTRODUCTION
The technical essay is a review paper that synthesizes and interprets work
on a particular subject area. Therefore, the format is not as standardized as that
of a research paper. By bringing together the most pertinent findings of
numerous papers from diverse journals, a review paper serves as a valuable
summary of research. In writing your essay, interpret the primary journal article
in a series of paragraphs that build on your discussion, giving particular attention
to the problem or topic posed in your introduction. In addition, relate your
findings to previous observations or experiments from the supplemental
references that you have chosen. Discuss briefly any logical implications of the
journal articles for practical application or future studies. A good review paper
not only synthesizes information; it also provides a critical overview of an
important scientific problem.
After you have finished your first draft of your essay, review the structure
of your manuscript. Are the sections arranged in logical sequence? After you
are satisfied with the structure of your essay manuscript, attend to the details:
the paragraphs, the sentences, and the words. Expect to do several drafts of
your paper before you are satisfied with the final product. Good writing is
generally the product of careful rewriting or revising in which you evaluate your
attempts at organizing and expressing your ideas. In the process you end up
scrutinizing the ideas themselves, as well as your own mastery of the subject.
CITING REFERENCE MATERIALS
The text of a biological paper usually contains numerous literature
citations, or references, to the published studies of other authors. This is
because scientists rarely work in a vacuum; hypotheses are developed, tested,
and evaluated in the context of what other scientists have written and discovered.
Thus, careful documentation, or acknowledgment of the work of others, is
essential to good scientific writing. Biologists also need to provide literature
citations because, like other writers, they have an ethical and legal obligation to
give credit to others for material that is not their own. Such material includes not
only direct quotations, but also findings or ideas that stem from the work of
someone else.
Unlike writers in the humanities and social sciences, biologists rarely use
footnotes or endnotes to acknowledge sources. Instead, they insert literature
citations directly in the text, either by giving the last name of the author(s) and the
year of publication (name-and-year method), or by referring to each source by a
number method. Such rules, even if they seem arbitrary, make the reporting of
2
references an orderly activity, minimizing confusion for writers, readers, editors,
and publishers.
In this course, the name-and-year method, also known as the Harvard
method,.
The MLA style is the direct opposite of Harvard in this regard. While Harvard has several rules regarding the citing of visual aids, the MLA style has none. So you are basically free to mention the resources the way you want to. However, it will be wise for you to consult your professor before you reference visual aids in the MLA format.
PPA 2008 – American Government and Public Administration.docxharrisonhoward80223
PPA 2008 – American Government
and Public Administration
APA Formatting and Style Guide
General format;
Reference page;
In-text citations.
(Adapted from Dr. Daniels’s Lectures)
1
What is APA?
APA (American Psychological
Association) is the most
commonly used format for
manuscripts in the Social
Sciences.
2
What does APA regulate?
APA regulates:
Stylistics
In-text citations
References (a list of all
sources used in the paper)
3
APA stylistics: Basics
Use the third person point of view rather than using
the first person point of view;
The study showed that…, NOT
I found out that….
Use the active voice rather than passive voice.
The participants responded…, NOT
The participants have been asked….
4
Language in an APA paper is:
• clear: be specific in descriptions and explanations;
• concise: condense information when you can;
• plain: use simple, descriptive adjectives and
minimize the figurative language.
APA stylistics: Language
5
APA: General Format
Your essay should:
be typed, double-spaced, with two spaces after
punctuation between sentences;
with 1” margins on all sides;
in 12 pt. Times New Roman;
include a page header (title) in the upper left-hand
of every page and a page number in the upper
right-hand side of every page.
6
References
Main Body
Abstract
General Format (cont’d)
Title page
Your essay should
include four major
sections:
7
Title Page
Page header (use Insert Page
Header):
title flush left;
page number flush right.
Title (in the upper half of the
page, centered);
name (no title or degree);
affiliation (university, etc.).
8
Abstract Page
Page header: do NOT include
“Running head:”
Abstract (centered, at the top of
the page)
Write a brief (between 150 and 250
words) summary of your paper in an
accurate, concise, and specific
manner. Should contain: at research
topic, research questions,
participants, methods, results, data
analysis, and conclusions. May also
include possible implications of your
research and future work you see
connected with your findings. May
also include keywords. 9
Main Body (Text)
The first text page is page number 3;
Type the title of the paper centered, at the top of the page;
Type the text double-spaced with all sections following
each other without a break;
Identify the sources you use in the paper in parenthetical
in-text citations;
Format tables and figures.
10
References: Basics
Center the title – References – at the top of the page;
Double space reference entries;
Flush left the first line of the entry and indent
subsequent lines;
Order entries alphabetically by the author’s surnames;
11
References: Basics (cont’d)
Invert authors’ names (last name first followed by
initials);
Alphabetize reference list entries the last name of the first
author of each work;
Capitalize only the first letter of th.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
3. Referencing/ Citation
Referencing means citing different sources used in writing research paper/article/report.
A citation is a way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that have
been used to support presented research. It can also be used to locate particular sources and
combat plagiarism.
A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered,
as well as punctuation and other formatting.
In higher education whenever a fact or piece of information is used in an assignment or research
paper it should always include the source of information.
4. Referencing/ Citation
Even if you 'just know it' - it has to have come from somewhere.
This is because in higher education assignment or research paper writing you are not just being
tested on what you know, but rather what you are able to find out and what you think it means.
A referencing style is a set of rules telling you how to acknowledge the thoughts, ideas and works of
others in a particular way.
Referencing is a crucial part of successful academic writing, avoiding plagiarism and is key to
assignments and research.
5. Referencing Styles
There are many different ways of citing resources in research papers.
The citation style sometimes depends on the academic discipline involved.
Few reference Styles are as follows:
S. No. Abbreviations Full Form Area (s)
1. APA American Physiological Association Education, Psychology, and Sciences
2. MLA Modern Language Association Humanities
3. Chicago/ Turabian - Business, History, Economics, and Fine Arts
4. Harvard - Humanities and Sciences
5. Vancouver - Scientific and Medical Sciences
6. Referencing Styles
S. No. Abbreviations Full Form Area (s)
6. AMA American Medical Association Science and Medical
7. AMJ Academy of Management Style Management
8. CSE (CBE) Council of Science Editors/ Council of Biology Editors
9. AGLC Australian Guide to Legal Citation Law
10. ACS American Chemical Society Chemistry
11. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Sciences
12. ABNT Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas Technical Studies
13. AAA American Anthropological Association Social Studies
14. APSA American Political Science Association Political Science
15. NLM National Library of Medicine Medicine
7. Sources To Be Cited
» An article in a print journal » An article in a journal
without DOI
» An article in a journal with DOI
» A book in print » Websites-online government
publications
» Radio and TV episodes- from
website
» A book chapter, print version » Emails (cited in-text only) » Film clips from website
» An eBook » Mailing Lists (listerv) » Film
» Websites- professional or personal
sites
» Radio and TV episodes- from
library databases
» Photograph(from book, magazine
or webpage)
» Artwork- from library database » Artwork- from website » Dissertation
» Patent » News Paper » Software
8. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals
There are two main features when it comes to reference styles of articles in Journals.
The first is related to how the source is written in your paper’s reference list or “Works Cited” page.
The second feature is for citing a source within the text itself. There are three different styles in-text
citation systems for referring to a source:
Author-date system: In this system, you indicate the author and the year of publication directly in
the text on the spot where you use the source. An exception here is MLA style, which uses an
author-page number system.
Numerical system: In this system, you number each of your sources in the reference list and then
you use the correct number whenever you want to cite a specific source within your text.
Notation system: You write the source (in abbreviated form) in a footnote or endnote.
9. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals
Each reference includes various piece of information including the:
1) Name of the author(s)
2) Year Published
3) Title
4) Name of the Journal
5) Publisher
6) Volume
7) Issue
8) Page Number
10. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: APA Style
APA (American Psychological Association) style originated in 1929.
Established by a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers.
Reference List:
Template:
Last Name, First Name Initial. (Publication Year). Article title. Name of the Journal, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.
Examples:
Alibali, M. W. (1999). How children change their minds: Strategy change can be gradual or abrupt.
Developmental Psychology, 35, 127-145.
Nevin, A. (1990). The changing of teacher education special education. Teacher Education and Special Education:
The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 13(3-4), 147-148.
11. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: APA Style
In Text:
Template:
(Author Surname, Publication Year) (Up to 3 authors)
(Author Surname et al., Publication Year) (More than 3 authors)
(et alia Latin word for “and others”)
Examples:
(Westhues, Lafrance, & Schmidt, 2001).
(Dietz et al., 2007).
12. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: Harvard Style
Harvard style was introduced in 1881.
First used by Edward Laurens Mark, Hersey Professor of anatomy and director of the zoological laboratory at
Harvard University.
Reference List:
Template:
Last Name, First Initial. (Publication Year). Article title. Name of the Journal, Volume (Issue), Page(s).
Examples:
Ross, N. (2015). On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory. Philosophy Today, 59(2), pp.
269-290.
Dismuke, C. and Egede, L. (2015). The Impact of Cognitive, Social and Physical Limitations on Income in Community
Dwelling Adults With Chronic Medical and Mental Disorders. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(5), pp. 183-195.
13. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: Harvard Style
In Text:
Template:
(Author Surname, Publication Year) (Up to 3 authors)
(Author Surname et al., Publication Year) (More than 3 authors)
Examples:
(Westhues, Lafrance and Schmidt, 2001).
(Dietz et al., 2007).
Dietz et al. (2007)
14. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: Chicago Style
Chicago style originated in 1906.
Established by the University of Chicago Press.
Reference List:
Template:
Last Name, First initial Middle initial, and First Name Last Name. “Article”. Journal Name Volume,
Issue (Publication Year): Page(s).
Examples:
Altheide, D. L. “Ethnographic Content Analysis”. Qualitative Sociology 10, no. I (1987): 65-77.
Pantelli, Niki and Robert Tucker. "Power and Trust in Global Virtual Teams." Communications of the
ACM 52, no. 12 (2009): 113-115.
15. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: Chicago Style
In Text:
Template:
(Author Last Name Year of Publication, Page #) (Up to 3 authors)
(Author Last Name et al. Publication Year, Page # ) (More than 3 authors)
Examples:
(Smith and Johnson 1998, 14).
(Smith, Johnson, and White 2001, 42)
(Dietz et al. 2007, 203).
16. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: MLA Style
MLA (Modern Language Association) style originated in 1951 and revised in 1970.
Established by the Modern Language Association of America.
Reference List:
Template:
Last Name, First Name Middle Name initial, and First Name Middle Initial. Last Name. “Article”.
Journal Name Volume, Issue (Publication Year): Page(s). Print.
Examples:
Jacoby, William G. “Public Attitudes Toward Government Spending”. American Journal of Political
Science 38.2 (1994): 336-61. Print.
Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War”. American Political
Science Review 97.01 (2003): 75. Print.
17. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: MLA Style
In Text:
Template:
(Author Last Name Page #) (Up to 3 authors)
(Author Last Name et al. Page # ) (More than 3 authors)
Examples:
(Smith and Johnson 14).
(Dietz et al. 203).
18. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: IEEE Style
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) style originated in 1963.
Established by merging American Institute of Electrical Engineers and Institute of Radio Engineers.
Reference List:
Template:
Author Initial. Author Surname, ‘Title’, Journal Title, vol., no., pp. Pages Used, Year Published.
Examples:
D. Lyon, 'Everyday surveillance: Personal data and social classifications', Information,
Communication & Society, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 242-257, 2002.
P. H. C. Eilers and J. J. Goeman, ‘Enhancing scatterplots with smoothed densities’, Bioinformatics, vol.
20, no. 5, pp. 623-628, March 2004.
19. Referencing Styles: Articles in Journals: IEEE Style
In Text:
Template:
[Reference Number]
Examples:
[1].
Some text from multiple references [1], [4], [9].
How presentation will benefit audience: Adult learners are more interested in a subject if they know how or why it is important to them.
Presenter’s level of expertise in the subject: Briefly state your credentials in this area, or explain why participants should listen to you.
Lesson descriptions should be brief.
Lesson descriptions should be brief.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Lesson descriptions should be brief.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.