1. The document discusses modern solar technologies, specifically PERC and HJT solar cells.
2. It provides an overview of different types of solar cells and technologies, including crystalline, thin film, multi-junction, and organic photovoltaics.
3. Highlighted technologies include PERC and HJT cells, which have higher efficiencies than traditional silicon cells and can lower the cost of solar energy production.
A Comprehensive Review on Recent MPPT of a Solar PV Systems using Intelligent...ssuser793b4e
The uncertainty associated with modelling and performance of solar photovoltaic systems could be easily and efficiently solved by using Maximum power point techniques. During the past decade of 2010 to 2021, the classification of techniques based on intelligent, non- intelligent and their hybrid models are found as potential techniques for detecting the maximum power point of a photovoltaic system. In addition, for this decade there is no extensive and comprehensive review on applicability of intelligent, non-intelligent and their hybrid models for performance prediction and modelling of solar photovoltaic systems. Therefore, this article focuses on extensive review on design, modelling, maximum power point tracking, advantages, disadvantages of each technique, evolutionary trend, convergence and tracking speed, and output efficiency prediction of solar photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions and non-partial shading conditions using intelligent, non-intelligent and their hybrid techniques. Furthermore, a total of 77 selected articles on the solar PV tracking technique and their hybrid models together with the PV technology were reviewed. Total of 22 articles are reviewed and summarized in this review paper for the period of 2010 to 2021 with 12 articles in non- intelligent technique, 7 articles in intelligent technique and 3 articles in their hybrid form. The review showed the suitability and reliability of intelligent, non-intelligent and their hybrid models for accurate detection of maximum power point and the performance characteristics of solar photovoltaic systems. Finally, this review presents the guidance for the researchers and engineers in the field of solar photovoltaic systems to select the suitable techniques for enhancement of the performance characteristics of the solar photovoltaic systems and the utilization of the available solar radiation.
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This document provides information on the history and basics of photovoltaic technology. It discusses the evolution of wafer sizes used in solar cells from early 125mm wafers to the current standard sizes of M6 (166mm), M10 (182mm), and G12 (210mm). Larger wafers have benefits like higher power output and reduced balance of system costs per watt installed. The document also summarizes the basic workings of solar cells and modules as well as different photovoltaic materials like silicon, thin film, and III-V cells.
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The document discusses different solar energy technologies including concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaics (PV). CSP uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight and convert it to thermal energy then electricity. PV converts sunlight directly to electricity using semiconductor materials like silicon. Common PV cell designs and manufacturing processes are described along with some of the major solar companies.
This document provides an introduction to solar energy technologies and companies in the industry. It discusses the two main technologies to harness solar power: concentrated solar power and photovoltaics. For photovoltaics, it explains how solar cells work and the materials used, including crystalline silicon and thin films. It also outlines the solar value chain and some of the major companies involved in manufacturing solar modules, cells, wafers, and polysilicon. Concentrating solar technologies like parabolic troughs and towers are also introduced.
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This document discusses solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, their applications, and configurations. It begins by explaining how PV cells work by converting sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It then outlines several common applications of PV systems including water pumping, cooking, heating, lighting, traffic signals, cold storage, and use in space. The document also describes different configurations for PV systems including stand-alone systems with and without battery storage, grid-interactive systems, hybrid systems combining PV with other energy sources, and building integrated PV systems. It concludes by emphasizing the benefits of PV systems in reducing emissions and fuel use while contributing to a more sustainable energy future.
A Comprehensive Review on Recent MPPT of a Solar PV Systems using Intelligent...ssuser793b4e
The uncertainty associated with modelling and performance of solar photovoltaic systems could be easily and efficiently solved by using Maximum power point techniques. During the past decade of 2010 to 2021, the classification of techniques based on intelligent, non- intelligent and their hybrid models are found as potential techniques for detecting the maximum power point of a photovoltaic system. In addition, for this decade there is no extensive and comprehensive review on applicability of intelligent, non-intelligent and their hybrid models for performance prediction and modelling of solar photovoltaic systems. Therefore, this article focuses on extensive review on design, modelling, maximum power point tracking, advantages, disadvantages of each technique, evolutionary trend, convergence and tracking speed, and output efficiency prediction of solar photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions and non-partial shading conditions using intelligent, non-intelligent and their hybrid techniques. Furthermore, a total of 77 selected articles on the solar PV tracking technique and their hybrid models together with the PV technology were reviewed. Total of 22 articles are reviewed and summarized in this review paper for the period of 2010 to 2021 with 12 articles in non- intelligent technique, 7 articles in intelligent technique and 3 articles in their hybrid form. The review showed the suitability and reliability of intelligent, non-intelligent and their hybrid models for accurate detection of maximum power point and the performance characteristics of solar photovoltaic systems. Finally, this review presents the guidance for the researchers and engineers in the field of solar photovoltaic systems to select the suitable techniques for enhancement of the performance characteristics of the solar photovoltaic systems and the utilization of the available solar radiation.
Seminar report on Flexible Photovoltaic TechnologyKumudGarg3
This report is relate to topic of Flexible Solar Cell. In this report you get content is introduction, introduction to flexible solar cell, types of solar cell, types of flexible solar cell, application n etc.
SOLAR ENERGY TRACKER SYSTEM SEMINAR REPORTeeeraviriet
The document discusses renewable energy sources and focuses on solar photovoltaic energy. It states that solar PV capacity has grown rapidly in recent decades and is expected to become a major energy source in the future. However, solar PV still needs to be improved to maximize output, especially in areas with less sunlight. The project aims to develop a prototype solar tracking system to more efficiently orient panels toward the sun and increase solar PV performance.
This document provides information on the history and basics of photovoltaic technology. It discusses the evolution of wafer sizes used in solar cells from early 125mm wafers to the current standard sizes of M6 (166mm), M10 (182mm), and G12 (210mm). Larger wafers have benefits like higher power output and reduced balance of system costs per watt installed. The document also summarizes the basic workings of solar cells and modules as well as different photovoltaic materials like silicon, thin film, and III-V cells.
The document provides an overview of solar energy technologies including photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies. It discusses the main types of PV cells like crystalline silicon, thin film technologies, and emerging 3rd generation solar cells. It also summarizes the major solar companies in different parts of the value chain and some of their key investments and technologies.
The document discusses different solar energy technologies including concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaics (PV). CSP uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight and convert it to thermal energy then electricity. PV converts sunlight directly to electricity using semiconductor materials like silicon. Common PV cell designs and manufacturing processes are described along with some of the major solar companies.
This document provides an introduction to solar energy technologies and companies in the industry. It discusses the two main technologies to harness solar power: concentrated solar power and photovoltaics. For photovoltaics, it explains how solar cells work and the materials used, including crystalline silicon and thin films. It also outlines the solar value chain and some of the major companies involved in manufacturing solar modules, cells, wafers, and polysilicon. Concentrating solar technologies like parabolic troughs and towers are also introduced.
Solar Photovoltaic Systems – Applications & ConfigurationsIRJET Journal
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Partial shading of photovoltaic cells and modules can significantly reduce their power output due to cells being wired in series. Even a small amount of shading on part of a module can decrease the output of the entire module. The use of bypass diodes can help mitigate these losses from shading by allowing current to bypass shaded cells, but shading still reduces the overall efficiency of photovoltaic systems.
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GaN as Semiconductor Material for Solar Photovoltaic: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses using gallium nitride (GaN) as a semiconductor material for solar photovoltaics to increase efficiency and reduce costs compared to silicon. GaN has several advantages for this application - it has a wider bandgap than silicon allowing for higher efficiencies. Replacing silicon with GaN in solar cells and their inverters could increase power efficiency up to 5 times while reducing size and weight. This may enable reducing the installed cost of solar power systems with battery storage by up to 50%. The document reviews the properties and fabrication of GaN as well as its potential applications in solar photovoltaic technology to harness its benefits.
Advance Solar Cells and Printed Solar Cell A Reviewijtsrd
Solar cell technology begin with first generation and third generation solar cells is discussed here by considering different advanced materials on which these technologies are based. The efficiencies attained with different new age solar cell technologies, limitations in their commercial application is overcome with the new technology used in solar cell. This paper is an overview of the advances technology used in solar cell and printed solar cell. Sukhjinder Singh | Nitish Palial | Rohit Kumar "Advance Solar Cells and Printed Solar Cell: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59981.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/59981/advance-solar-cells-and-printed-solar-cell-a-review/sukhjinder-singh
This document provides an overview of solar cells and photovoltaics. It discusses that solar cells generate electricity directly from sunlight using semiconducting materials. It then covers current developments in solar cell efficiency and capacity growth. The document also addresses the economics, applications, and advantages of solar cell technology.
1) The document discusses the analysis and simulation of the perturb and observe maximum power point tracking technique for photovoltaic systems.
2) It provides background on how photovoltaic cells work and mathematical models used to model photovoltaic arrays.
3) The document then focuses on modeling and simulating a photovoltaic cell using Matlab/Simulink to study the cell's output characteristics under varying light intensity and temperature conditions.
Fuzzy interpretation of absorption in solar cellsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article about using fuzzy logic to interpret absorption in solar cells. It discusses how fuzzy logic can be used to analyze the various factors that affect current density generation in solar cells, including absorption rate. The factors of different solar cell designs are "fuzzyfied" and analyzed in relation to absorption rate to predict current density output. It also provides background information on photovoltaic technology and the three main steps of converting light to electricity in solar cells: light absorption, charge separation, and charge extraction.
11.fuzzy interpretation of absorption in solar cellsAlexander Decker
This document discusses solar cell technology and fuzzy interpretation of absorption in solar cells. It provides background on different generations of solar cell technology and how they absorb solar energy. It then describes using fuzzy interpretation to analyze absorption and current density generation based on various cut factors in solar cell production. Tables and graphs apply fuzzy interpretation to analyze absorption for first, second, and third generation solar cells. It finds that third generation solar cells provide maximum absorption and current density over a wide range of optimal fuzzy values.
Performance study of photovoltaic solar celleSAT Journals
Abstract
Energy is the driving force for any kind of economic and scientific development, automation, and innovation. Due to high
excursion rate of conventional energy sources, availability of conventional fuels is reducing day by day. Consequently their prices
are increasing very rapidly. Along with these they pollute atmosphere due to combustion and chemical process associated with
them. Considering all these it is needed to find nonconventional sources to meet up energy requirements. Worldwide ‘Solar
Energy’ is one of the most effective and popular nonconventional energy sources. Solar energy does not produce any pollutants
and is one of the cleanest energy sources. This can be used to produce electricity from sunlight, named solar power. Solar power
can be directly generated from PV cell or indirectly from concentrated solar power (CSP).
This paper focuses on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar cell for solar power. Therefore simulation is done to observe
efficiency for different changing conditions and parameters of solar cell electrical model and observe better efficiency for InGaAs
alloy.
Key Words: Solar power; Solar cell; PV; PV operation; Electricity generation; Electrical model; Solar cell materials;
Efficiency; Different parameters; Silicon; Indium Gallium Arsenide alloy.
This document provides information about a photovoltaic system project at IIT Roorkee. It discusses the components of a photovoltaic system including solar arrays, mounting systems, inverters, and batteries. It also describes different types of solar cell technologies like thin film and crystalline silicon, and provides background on the growth of photovoltaics over time in India and worldwide. The document highlights India's solar potential and the Indian government's support for solar energy development.
Report on the IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION...Yuvraj Singh
The document is a seminar report on improving the efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation. It discusses several ways to improve efficiency, including improving the conversion efficiency of solar panels, using automatic solar tracking systems, implementing maximum power point tracking technology, and exploring complex photosynthesis mechanisms. The report analyzes these methods and concludes that using these technologies can effectively improve the efficiency of solar power generation.
Design and Implementation of a Solar Power Systemijtsrd
Energy is a very important variable that its conservation is of paramount interest to engineers of our time. As we know, the law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another. This helps in sustainable use and protection of natural resources. This research work the Design and Implementation of a Solar Power System focuses on a technique of power generation from solar source. It provides simple basic theoretical studies of solar cell and its modelling techniques using equivalent electric circuits. Solar Photovoltaic PV power generation system is comprising several elements like solar cells, inverter, Battery charge controller and single phase inverter for AC loads are implemented in hardware in simple manner. Sylvester Emeka Abonyi | Kingsley Chibueze Obute | Anthony Amaechi Okafor "Design and Implementation of a Solar Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49926.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/49926/design-and-implementation-of-a-solar-power-system/sylvester-emeka-abonyi
Report on the IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION...Yuvraj Singh
The document discusses various ways to improve the efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation. It outlines how improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells, implementing solar tracking systems, utilizing maximum power point tracking technology, and researching new types of solar cells can enhance efficiency. Critical components of grid-tied solar inverter systems are also investigated to efficiently operate solar power systems. The goal is to identify areas for improving solar cell efficiency beyond the typical 10-20% range through techniques like optimizing light absorption and reducing parasitic resistance losses.
The document discusses flexible photovoltaic technology. It provides an introduction to flexible solar cells and their advantages over rigid cells, including portability and the ability to integrate with curved surfaces. Several types of flexible solar cells are described, including crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, CIGS, cadmium telluride, and gallium arsenide cells. The document outlines testing methods for flexible cells, including evaluating flexibility through bending and efficiency testing. Potential applications are identified like integration into vehicles, bags, and buildings. The conclusion states that flexible cells are cost-effective, portable, and can absorb large amounts of light.
This document provides an overview of solar energy, including its history, development, technologies, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It discusses how solar cells work by converting sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Different types of solar cells and panels are described, as well as the process of installing a solar energy system. Opportunities and challenges of solar power in Pakistan are highlighted, along with various uses of solar energy from heating to transportation.
PV to Grid Connected Cascaded T type Multilevel Inverter with Improved Harmon...ijtsrd
Multilevel inverters act as a promising solution for medium voltage, high power applications due to their modularity and reduced voltage stress across the switches. Cascaded T Bridge Multilevel Inverters CTB MLI are being considered as the best choice for grid connected Photovoltaic PV systems since they require several sources on the DC side. By means of MLI’s, high quality output with less harmonic distortion is obtained compared to a two level inverter. In this work, a comparative analysis of three levels of MLI’s is presented. Control scheme based on Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation SPWM is adopted due to its ease of implementation. More number of levels results in reduced THD and nearly sinusoidal output. Simulation is performed using MATLAB Simulink. Md Janish Alam | Mr. Sarvesh Pratap Singh "PV to Grid Connected Cascaded T-type Multilevel Inverter with Improved Harmonic Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52629.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52629/pv-to-grid-connected-cascaded-ttype-multilevel-inverter-with-improved-harmonic-performance/md-janish-alam
IRJET- Analysis and Implementation of Super Capacitors as a Storage Device in...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and implements the use of super capacitors as a storage device in standalone photovoltaic systems. It presents a 300W standalone PV system simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The system can use either batteries or super capacitors for energy storage. Simulation results show the voltage and power output from the PV array with constant and time-varying solar irradiance. Using super capacitors provides better performance than batteries due to their higher power density and shorter charging time.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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Multilevel inverters act as a promising solution for medium voltage, high power applications due to their modularity and reduced voltage stress across the switches. Cascaded T Bridge Multilevel Inverters CTB MLI are being considered as the best choice for grid connected Photovoltaic PV systems since they require several sources on the DC side. By means of MLI’s, high quality output with less harmonic distortion is obtained compared to a two level inverter. In this work, a comparative analysis of three levels of MLI’s is presented. Control scheme based on Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation SPWM is adopted due to its ease of implementation. More number of levels results in reduced THD and nearly sinusoidal output. Simulation is performed using MATLAB Simulink. Md Janish Alam | Mr. Sarvesh Pratap Singh "PV to Grid Connected Cascaded T-type Multilevel Inverter with Improved Harmonic Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52629.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52629/pv-to-grid-connected-cascaded-ttype-multilevel-inverter-with-improved-harmonic-performance/md-janish-alam
IRJET- Analysis and Implementation of Super Capacitors as a Storage Device in...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and implements the use of super capacitors as a storage device in standalone photovoltaic systems. It presents a 300W standalone PV system simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The system can use either batteries or super capacitors for energy storage. Simulation results show the voltage and power output from the PV array with constant and time-varying solar irradiance. Using super capacitors provides better performance than batteries due to their higher power density and shorter charging time.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.