Student Work Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thickened, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. It is usually inherited and symptoms can include chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, and palpitations. The condition makes individuals prone to arrhythmias and heart failure. While medications and procedures like implantable defibrillators can help treatment, individuals with a family history of sudden cardiac death are at highest risk of complications from HCM.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiovascular disease characterized by increased and thickened heart muscle. It is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. HCM can cause symptoms such as chest pain, heart failure, and palpitations. Treatment involves managing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction through medications, septal reduction procedures, or alcohol septal ablation. Patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death may receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for prevention. Risk factors include a family history of sudden death, abnormal blood pressure response to exercise, and extensive thickening of the heart muscle.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined as hypertrophy of the myocardium more than 1.5 cm, without an identifiable cause . Other causes of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, such as long-standing hypertension, amyloidosis, and aortic stenosis must first be excluded before HCM can be diagnosed. As our understanding of the genetics of HCM continues to progress, the diagnosis of HCM will continue to incorporate information obtained from genetic testing, while also continuing to rely on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the assessment of the phenotypic manifestations and the overall clinical severity of the disease.
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Hocm
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic heart condition characterized by thickened heart muscle and potential outflow tract obstruction. It affects 0.2-0.5% of the population and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins. Symptoms include chest pain, dizziness, and palpitations. Diagnosis is made via echocardiogram and genetic testing. Treatment focuses on symptom relief through medications or procedures to reduce outflow tract obstruction, as well as preventing sudden cardiac death through ICD implantation in high-risk patients.
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This document contains information about hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). It begins with an overview of HOCM, defining it as a genetic heart condition characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. It then discusses the pathophysiology of HOCM, focusing on left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and mitral regurgitation due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. The document outlines clinical manifestations such as symptoms, physical exam findings, ECG and echocardiographic features, and complications. It concludes by covering treatment options for HOCM including medications, surgical septal myectomy via transaortic or transapical approaches, and other procedures like alcohol septal
Freeman hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
Echocardiography plays an essential role in diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by demonstrating left ventricular hypertrophy of 15mm or greater that is asymmetric and cannot be attributed to another cause. Echocardiography can also identify the characteristic patterns of hypertrophy such as sigmoid septum, reverse curvature of the septum, and apical hypertrophy. It is used to detect complications of HCM such as left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, mitral regurgitation, and apical aneurysms. Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death utilizes echocardiography to identify features such as massive hypertrophy, abnormal blood pressure response to exercise, and nonsustained ventricular tachycard
Recommended
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiovascular disease characterized by increased and thickened heart muscle. It is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. HCM can cause symptoms such as chest pain, heart failure, and palpitations. Treatment involves managing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction through medications, septal reduction procedures, or alcohol septal ablation. Patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death may receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for prevention. Risk factors include a family history of sudden death, abnormal blood pressure response to exercise, and extensive thickening of the heart muscle.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined as hypertrophy of the myocardium more than 1.5 cm, without an identifiable cause . Other causes of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, such as long-standing hypertension, amyloidosis, and aortic stenosis must first be excluded before HCM can be diagnosed. As our understanding of the genetics of HCM continues to progress, the diagnosis of HCM will continue to incorporate information obtained from genetic testing, while also continuing to rely on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the assessment of the phenotypic manifestations and the overall clinical severity of the disease.
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Left main stenting
1. Significant unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease occurs in 5–7% of patients undergoing CAG and is treated medically has a 3-year mortality rate of 50%.
2. Studies have shown PCI with drug-eluting stents for ULMCA disease can achieve low rates of death, MI, and TLR at 12 months compared to bare-metal stents which had high rates of restenosis and mortality.
3. While CABG remains the standard of care for many patients, randomized trials found PCI with DES to have non-inferior outcomes to CABG at 1-2 years for death, MI, and stroke in selected patients with low complexity lesions. Rates
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This document contains information about hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). It begins with an overview of HOCM, defining it as a genetic heart condition characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. It then discusses the pathophysiology of HOCM, focusing on left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and mitral regurgitation due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. The document outlines clinical manifestations such as symptoms, physical exam findings, ECG and echocardiographic features, and complications. It concludes by covering treatment options for HOCM including medications, surgical septal myectomy via transaortic or transapical approaches, and other procedures like alcohol septal
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HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY (HOCM)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart condition characterized by excessive thickening of the heart muscle. It was initially described in the 1950s and causes significant morbidity and mortality due to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The pathophysiology involves left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and mitral regurgitation. Treatment involves medications, septal reduction procedures like myectomy or alcohol ablation, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in high-risk patients. Prognosis depends on symptom severity and risk factors for sudden cardiac death.
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This document discusses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), including its definition, causes, variants, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management. Key points include:
- HCM is defined by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy, usually involving the septum with a thickness over 15mm. It is commonly caused by genetic mutations affecting cardiac proteins.
- Presentation can range from being asymptomatic to symptoms of heart failure, angina, or syncope. Exams may reveal murmurs and EKGs often show abnormal patterns. Echocardiograms and cardiac catheterization are used for diagnosis and assessment.
- Management involves medications like beta-blockers to reduce
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart condition characterized by thickened heart muscle. It has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, with mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. HCM causes a non-dilated, hypertrophied left ventricle and can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Treatment involves medications like beta-blockers or verapamil to reduce symptoms, and interventions like septal reduction procedures or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators to reduce risk of complications. Regular screening of family members is important for early detection of HCM.
Coronary artery perforation
Coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be classified based on its anatomical location and severity. Proximal or midvessel perforations carry a greater risk of complications while distal perforations often have a benign course. Treatment depends on the perforation type and severity, with supportive measures, prolonged balloon inflation, covered stents, or vessel occlusion techniques used for more severe cases. Emergency surgery may be needed for large perforations not responding to other treatments, though surgical outcomes in emergency settings are often disappointing.
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The Norwood procedure is performed in the baby’s first or second week of life.to redirect the blood flow.
Three goals for the Norwood procedure:
1, Build a new aorta.
2, Direct blood from the right ventricle through the new aorta and on to the rest of the body.
3, Direct the right ventricle to pump blood to the lungs until the next surgery.
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This document discusses left main coronary artery (LMCA) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Key points:
1. LMCA disease can be treated with balloon angioplasty or stenting. Drug-eluting stents have reduced restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents.
2. Assessment of LMCA lesions includes angiography as well as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) to determine significance. An IVUS minimum luminal area <4.5mm2 or FFR<0.80 indicate a significant stenosis.
3. Techniques for stenting LMCA lesions depend on location and involve strategies like single crossover stenting or provisional two
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Management of no reflow
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This document discusses coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Some key points:
- Coronary perforation can occur during or after PCI and is defined as extravasation of contrast or blood from the coronary artery. Proximal or mid vessel perforations are more severe while distal perforations often have a benign course.
- Perforations are classified based on their severity. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the perforation. Conservative measures often suffice for minor perforations while techniques like prolonged balloon inflation or stenting may be needed for more severe perforations to stop bleeding.
- Factors like the use of atherectomy or laser devices, complex lesions, small vessels, and guide
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A 17-year-old male basketball player collapsed during practice and suffered cardiac arrest. An autopsy later revealed he had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic heart condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick. HCM is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. The patient had previously noticed some shortness of breath with exertion but it did not limit his activity. He was found to have a heart murmur as a child but it was never investigated. HCM causes the left ventricle to become thickened and stiff, which can obstruct blood flow out of the heart and cause heart failure, chest pain, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.
Case Study Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
This case study describes a 76-year-old female patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who underwent alcohol septal ablation to treat her symptoms. The procedure successfully reduced her left ventricular outflow tract gradient from 130 mmHg to 30 mmHg. Post-operatively, the patient developed paroxysmal atrioventricular block and required a permanent pacemaker. The alcohol septal ablation was an effective treatment for her HCM, though as with any procedure, complications can occur.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HCM ppt made for an educational purpose from Braunwald's textbook, JACC, NEJM, EHJ, internet sources, etc.
Echo assessment of cardiomyopathy pdf
This document discusses the use of echocardiography in evaluating various types of cardiomyopathies. It provides echocardiographic features of dilated cardiomyopathy including dilated chambers, normal wall thickness, and complications like mitral regurgitation. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy features include unexplained hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Restrictive cardiomyopathies show hypertrophy, enlarged atria, restricted filling, and elevated pressures. Left ventricular non-compaction and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy also have distinct echocardiographic characteristics described.
HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY (HOCM)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart condition characterized by excessive thickening of the heart muscle. It was initially described in the 1950s and causes significant morbidity and mortality due to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The pathophysiology involves left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and mitral regurgitation. Treatment involves medications, septal reduction procedures like myectomy or alcohol ablation, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in high-risk patients. Prognosis depends on symptom severity and risk factors for sudden cardiac death.
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This document discusses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), including its definition, causes, variants, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management. Key points include:
- HCM is defined by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy, usually involving the septum with a thickness over 15mm. It is commonly caused by genetic mutations affecting cardiac proteins.
- Presentation can range from being asymptomatic to symptoms of heart failure, angina, or syncope. Exams may reveal murmurs and EKGs often show abnormal patterns. Echocardiograms and cardiac catheterization are used for diagnosis and assessment.
- Management involves medications like beta-blockers to reduce
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart condition characterized by thickened heart muscle. It has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, with mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. HCM causes a non-dilated, hypertrophied left ventricle and can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Treatment involves medications like beta-blockers or verapamil to reduce symptoms, and interventions like septal reduction procedures or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators to reduce risk of complications. Regular screening of family members is important for early detection of HCM.
Coronary artery perforation
Coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be classified based on its anatomical location and severity. Proximal or midvessel perforations carry a greater risk of complications while distal perforations often have a benign course. Treatment depends on the perforation type and severity, with supportive measures, prolonged balloon inflation, covered stents, or vessel occlusion techniques used for more severe cases. Emergency surgery may be needed for large perforations not responding to other treatments, though surgical outcomes in emergency settings are often disappointing.
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The Norwood procedure is the first of three surgeries required to treat single-ventricle conditions such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Because the left side of the heart can’t be fixed, the series of surgeries rebuilds other parts of the heart.
The Norwood procedure is performed in the baby’s first or second week of life.to redirect the blood flow.
Three goals for the Norwood procedure:
1, Build a new aorta.
2, Direct blood from the right ventricle through the new aorta and on to the rest of the body.
3, Direct the right ventricle to pump blood to the lungs until the next surgery.
FFR(fractional flow reserve)
This document discusses fractional flow reserve (FFR), a technique used during coronary catheterization to measure pressure differences across a coronary stenosis and determine if it is causing myocardial ischemia. An FFR value below 0.75 is considered functionally significant while a value above 0.80 rules out ischemia. FFR is useful for evaluating single-vessel disease, left main stenosis, tandem lesions, diffuse disease, grafts, and ostial lesions. Limitations include inability to assess plaque morphology.
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Alcoholic septal ablation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by a thickened left ventricular wall without an identifiable cause. It can range from asymptomatic to causing heart failure, arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death. Treatment depends on whether the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is obstructed. For symptomatic patients with LVOT obstruction despite maximum medical therapy, septal reduction procedures like alcohol septal ablation or surgical myectomy are recommended. Alcohol septal ablation involves injecting alcohol into a septal perforator artery to ablate tissue and reduce the gradient. Surgical myectomy directly resects septal muscle. Both procedures significantly reduce gradients and improve symptoms but surgical myectomy provides better gradient and symptom reduction with a lower risk of
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determining the suitability of the mitral valve for repair most likely in patients with mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous degeneration and is least likely in patients with regurgitation due to endocarditis most likely with posterior prolapse or flail, whereas ileaflet involvement and isolated anterior leaflet prolapse reduce the likelihood of successful repair substantially.
Diastolic Dysfunction 2016
The document discusses guidelines for assessing diastolic dysfunction according to the ASE/EACVI 2016 guidelines. It defines diastolic dysfunction and describes the stages from grade I to grade IV. For each grade, it discusses the pathophysiology and key echocardiographic findings including mitral inflow patterns, tissue Doppler measurements, pulmonary vein flow, and left atrial size. The guidelines simplify the assessment of diastolic function into four grades based on parameters of left ventricular relaxation, left atrial pressure, mitral E/A ratio, E/e' ratio, pulmonary vein flow, and left atrial size.
Left main pci
This document discusses left main coronary artery (LMCA) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Key points:
1. LMCA disease can be treated with balloon angioplasty or stenting. Drug-eluting stents have reduced restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents.
2. Assessment of LMCA lesions includes angiography as well as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) to determine significance. An IVUS minimum luminal area <4.5mm2 or FFR<0.80 indicate a significant stenosis.
3. Techniques for stenting LMCA lesions depend on location and involve strategies like single crossover stenting or provisional two
Coronary perforation
This document discusses the treatment of coronary perforations that can occur during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs). It describes 5 types of coronary perforations and provides guidance on how to treat each type. For minor perforations (Type I), careful observation is sufficient. For more significant perforations (Types II-III), prolonged balloon inflation at the perforation site is recommended, along with reversing anticoagulation if needed. For life-threatening bleeding (Type IV), measures may include pericardiocentesis, prolonged balloon inflation, and deployment of a covered stent. Surgery is needed for some unresponsive perforations (Type II-III).
No reflow and slow flow phenomenon during pci
This document discusses strategies and prevention of slow flow and no-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It defines no-reflow as inadequate myocardial perfusion through a coronary artery without mechanical obstruction. No-reflow occurs in 8-11% of primary PCIs and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The pathophysiology involves distal embolization, ischemic injury, reperfusion injury, and individual patient susceptibility. Preventing no-reflow requires reducing thrombus burden, ischemia time, reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory drugs, and addressing risk factors like diabetes.
Management of no reflow
No-reflow occurs when there is a lack of reperfusion to the myocardium after successful coronary recanalization and is defined as inadequate perfusion without angiographic evidence of vessel obstruction. It occurs in 0.6-3.2% of PCI cases and is associated with increased risk of LV dysfunction, remodeling, arrhythmias, heart failure and cardiac rupture. Diagnosis is typically done using myocardial contrast echocardiography or cardiac MRI. Treatment focuses on improving perfusion and includes vasodilators like adenosine, antithrombotics, mechanical strategies like thrombectomy, and preventing no-reflow through measures like pre-conditioning.
CORONARY ARTERY PERFORATION DURING PCI
This document discusses coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Some key points:
- Coronary perforation can occur during or after PCI and is defined as extravasation of contrast or blood from the coronary artery. Proximal or mid vessel perforations are more severe while distal perforations often have a benign course.
- Perforations are classified based on their severity. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the perforation. Conservative measures often suffice for minor perforations while techniques like prolonged balloon inflation or stenting may be needed for more severe perforations to stop bleeding.
- Factors like the use of atherectomy or laser devices, complex lesions, small vessels, and guide
Device therapy in heart failure
This document summarizes key information about device therapy in heart failure, including implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). It discusses major clinical trials that have evaluated the benefits of these devices for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Factors influencing the benefits of ICD therapy are summarized, as well as predictors of mortality after ICD implantation. Complications related to ICDs and CRT devices are also briefly outlined.
No-reflow phenomenon
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A 17-year-old male basketball player collapsed during practice and suffered cardiac arrest. An autopsy later revealed he had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic heart condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick. HCM is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. The patient had previously noticed some shortness of breath with exertion but it did not limit his activity. He was found to have a heart murmur as a child but it was never investigated. HCM causes the left ventricle to become thickened and stiff, which can obstruct blood flow out of the heart and cause heart failure, chest pain, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.
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This case study describes a 76-year-old female patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who underwent alcohol septal ablation to treat her symptoms. The procedure successfully reduced her left ventricular outflow tract gradient from 130 mmHg to 30 mmHg. Post-operatively, the patient developed paroxysmal atrioventricular block and required a permanent pacemaker. The alcohol septal ablation was an effective treatment for her HCM, though as with any procedure, complications can occur.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that weakens the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. The main types are dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type and causes the heart chambers to enlarge over time. Treatment involves managing symptoms and risk factors with medications, lifestyle changes, surgery such as implantable devices or transplant, and treating any underlying causes. A heart transplant may be an option for severe cases but carries risks of organ rejection, infection, and side effects of immunosuppressant drugs.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy (KAR-de-o-mi-OP-ah-thee) refers to diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases have many causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments.
In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick, or rigid. In rare cases, the muscle tissue in the heart is replaced with scar tissue.
As cardiomyopathy worsens, the heart becomes weaker. It's less able to pump blood through the body and maintain a normal electrical rhythm. This can lead toheart failure or irregular heartbeats called arrhythmias (ah-RITH-me-ahs). In turn, heart failure can cause fluid to build up in the lungs, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen.
The weakening of the heart also can cause other complications, such as heart valve problems.
OverviewThe main types of cardiomyopathy are:
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic (hi-per-TROF-ik) cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic (ah-rith-mo-JEN-ik) right ventricular dysplasia
(dis-PLA-ze-ah)
Other types of cardiomyopathy sometimes are referred to as "unclassified cardiomyopathy."
Cardiomyopathy can be acquired or inherited. "Acquired" means you aren't born with the disease, but you develop it due to another disease, condition, or factor. "Inherited" means your parents passed the gene for the disease on to you. Many times, the cause of cardiomyopathy isn't known.
Cardiomyopathy can affect people of all ages. However, people in certain age groups are more likely to have certain types of cardiomyopathy. This article focuses on cardiomyopathy in adults.
OutlookSome people who have cardiomyopathy have no signs or symptoms and need no treatment. For other people, the disease develops quickly, symptoms are severe, and serious complications occur.
Treatments for cardiomyopathy include lifestyle changes, medicines, surgery, implanted devices to correct arrhythmias, and a nonsurgical procedure. These treatments can control symptoms, reduce complications, and stop the disease from getting worse.
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
The document discusses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and several related topics:
- It describes a case of a 22-year-old pregnant woman with an HCM mutation who had a healthy baby boy via vaginal delivery.
- Animal models of HCM have provided insights but do not fully represent the human condition. Patient-specific cell models using induced pluripotent stem cells show promise for better modeling HCM.
- Early intervention may be needed to prevent the development of the hypertrophic phenotype, and attenuation of disease progression has been seen with losartan treatment in mouse models. However, more research is still needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the septal hypertrophy observed in most H
Management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
The document discusses the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It covers the diagnosis of HCM using echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and genetic testing. Treatment options discussed include medical management with beta blockers and verapamil, as well as interventional strategies like alcohol septal ablation and myectomy surgery to relieve outflow tract obstruction in severe cases. The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms from LV outflow tract obstruction and prevent sudden cardiac death through risk stratification and ICD placement if needed.
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy is defined as dilatation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle not caused by ischemic or valvular heart disease. The document discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, genetics, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Key points include:
- The annual incidence is 5-8 per 100,000 people with increased risk in males, blacks, and those with hypertension or chronic beta-agonist use.
- Causes include genetic mutations, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and drugs. Pathology shows dilatation, myocyte hypertrophy and death, and extracellular matrix remodeling.
- Diagnosis involves ECG
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by impaired ventricular filling during diastole due to a primary decrease in ventricular compliance. The myocardium is partially infiltrated by noncontractile tissue or extracellular material, impairing the heart's ability to dilate. Causes include amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy. On morphology, the ventricles are normally or slightly enlarged while the cavities are not dilated. The myocardium is firm and noncompliant, and the atria show biatrial dilation. Patients experience signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure with prominent right-sided features.
HCM Slideshow
Here\'s my project for school which we\'ll present next week I believe (week of Jan. 11). Dr. Quinn and/or Terry, it would be great if you could comment, that way I can say it has been reviewed by some medical authorities. :D Thanx!
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy state of the art
This document summarizes research on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) conducted by Barry Maron and colleagues. Some key points:
1. Contemporary treatments like ICDs, septal myectomy, and medications have transformed HCM into a treatable disease with low mortality and potential for normal longevity.
2. Risk stratification models utilize factors like family history, abnormal blood pressure response, and late gadolinium enhancement on MRI to predict sudden cardiac death and guide ICD placement.
3. Recent data shows current HCM mortality may be half that of earlier cohorts, demonstrating the benefits of modern management strategies in reducing deaths from sudden cardiac death and heart failure.
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-a case report
This document discusses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a disease that causes thickening of the heart muscle. It reports on a case of sudden death due to HCM. Key points include:
- HCM causes thickening of the heart muscle and disrupts its electrical function. It is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.
- An autopsy found the deceased's heart was massively enlarged to 790g with thickened walls, consistent with HCM.
- HCM is usually inherited but can also be caused by spontaneous gene mutations. Risk factors for sudden cardiac death include family history, prior cardiac issues, and thickened heart walls over 30mm.
Case presentation ethan
1. This case presents a 40-year-old male with HCM experiencing progressive heart failure symptoms despite medication. Exercise echocardiograms showed provocable outflow obstruction.
2. The next steps included evaluating and managing his symptoms with disopyramide initially, then myectomy with mitral valve plication which improved his quality of life.
3. For his family screening, his 14-year-old daughter should undergo genetic testing and cardiac screening due to his positive pathogenic MYPC3 mutation.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
This document summarizes a 56-year-old African American man who presented to the hospital after an abnormal stress test. He has a history of hypertension and was previously diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy. A recent stress test found ventricular tachycardia and imaging showed an apical aneurysm and small inferior wall ischemia. He is currently taking medications for hypertension and has a family history of coronary artery disease.
Debate risk stratification in hcm is feasible using a clinical score (con)
The ESC-HCM risk score for predicting sudden cardiac death (SCD) at 5 years misclassifies many patients in the study as low risk when they experienced appropriate ICD interventions or SCD. Using the ESC risk score would have left 65 patients vulnerable to SCD without ICD protection. Key risk factors like late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac MRI and left ventricular apical aneurysms are not included in the ESC model. Contemporary risk stratification guidelines are superior to relying solely on the ESC mathematical model for complex decision making around ICD implantation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients.
Cardiomyopathies
This document discusses the three main types of cardiomyopathy: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common and is characterized by dilation of the heart chambers and reduced contractility. It has multiple potential etiologies like viruses, genetics, or toxins. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is usually genetic and causes abnormal thickening of the heart muscle. It can cause outflow obstruction and is a common cause of sudden death in young athletes. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is rare and causes stiff, non-compliant ventricles that impair filling. Diagnosis involves echocardiography and treatment focuses on symptoms like diuretics and transplantation.
An unusual aspect of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
This document reports on an unusual case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in a 13-year old girl. Echocardiography revealed an atypical form of HCM with a large spiral recess in the inferoseptal wall and inferior left ventricular wall, along with diastolic dysfunction. While a septal myectomy was considered, the patient unfortunately died a few days after being diagnosed. The discussion notes that HCM in patients with Noonan syndrome, like this case, often shows more severe hypertrophy and diastolic issues compared to other forms of HCM in children.
2014 esc hcm
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
European society of cardiology guidelines,2014
Prevention of sudden cardiac death
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) can have several underlying mechanisms and etiologies including genetic factors, viral infections, autoimmunity, and toxins. The document discusses the prevalence, clinical presentations, genetic causes, role of inflammation and autoimmunity, and viral persistence in DCM. It also summarizes diagnostic and management approaches for DCM and reviews specific genetic mutations involved like those involving lamin A/C that are associated with the worst survival outcomes.
Cardiomyopathies
This document discusses various types of cardiomyopathies:
- Dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by an unknown etiology and results in left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction. It is a common cause of heart failure.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves abnormal thickening of the heart muscle and can lead to outflow obstruction. It is a common cause of sudden death in young athletes.
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes stiff ventricles and impaired ventricular filling due to disorders like amyloidosis. It presents with symptoms of right and left heart failure.
- Other rare types discussed include arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and obliterative cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis involves imaging and endomyocardial biopsy
Wpw case presentation by dr adeel
A 35-year-old female presented with a history of palpitations and shortness of breath for the past 6 hours. She has a history of hypertension for the past 3 months and is on medication. On examination, her blood pressure was elevated and heart rate was rapid. An ECG showed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. WPW is a condition where there is an extra pathway between the atria and ventricles that can cause rapid heart rates. Treatment options include medications, cardioversion, catheter ablation to destroy the extra pathway, or surgery.
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Debate risk stratification in hcm is feasible using a clinical score (con)
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Heart disorders
This document summarizes several common heart disorders:
- Coronary heart disease is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart. Atherosclerosis is a similar condition where plaques develop inside arterial walls.
- Chest pain called angina occurs due to insufficient blood supply to the heart. Arrhythmias happen when the heart's electrical system malfunctions, causing irregular heartbeats.
- Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Other disorders discussed include stroke, myocardial infarction, hypotension, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease. Risk factors and treatments are also outlined.
A brief synopsis of acute decompensated heart failure
This document provides an overview of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). It defines ADHF as a clinical syndrome characterized by the development of respiratory distress due to rapidly accumulated fluid in the lungs. The document categorizes heart failure based on systolic vs diastolic function, left vs right sided, acute vs chronic onset, and NYHA functional classification. Common symptoms, physical exam findings, causes, risk factors, differential diagnoses, and initial investigations are described. Imaging findings on chest x-ray indicative of different stages of heart failure are also summarized.
Congestive heart failure patnaik sir
This document discusses congestive heart failure in infants and children. It begins with background on the main causes of heart failure in children, which are often congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy rather than issues like coronary artery disease that commonly cause heart failure in adults. The document then covers topics like the pathophysiology and classifications of heart failure in children, as well as diagnostic workup, management, and treatment approaches. Physical exam findings and classifications like Ross and NYHA scores are also outlined to help evaluate heart failure severity in pediatric patients.
Hypertensive heart disease
Hypertensive heart disease refers to heart conditions caused by high blood pressure and includes problems like heart failure, coronary artery disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Risk factors include obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, an unhealthy diet, family history, and increasing age. Symptoms vary but can include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, and tests like EKGs, echocardiograms, and stress tests. Treatment depends on severity but may include medications, surgeries like bypass, or devices like pacemakers. Preventing high blood pressure through diet, exercise, weight control and not smoking can reduce heart disease risk.
Cardio myopathy
Cardiac myopathy is a heart-related disorder. many types are there in cardiomyopathy .4 types of CMP is hypertrophic CMP, dilated CMP, restrictive CMP, stress CMP. causes of this are node related problem,ischemic condion of the heart .symptoms to this is chest pain breathlessness, edema like cardiacfailure will happen at last . manage mesvn t like betablockers , ace inhibitors doamine .dobutamine, and diuretics should be given to the patient .surgical manage meant is septal ablation, and heart transplantation should be given to the patient
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively. There are three main types: dilated cardiomyopathy causes the heart chambers to enlarge; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy results in abnormal thickening of the heart muscle; and restrictive cardiomyopathy occurs when heart muscle is replaced with scar tissue causing stiffness. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart failure. Treatment involves medications, surgically implanted devices, and possibly heart transplant for severe cases.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle where the heart loses its ability to pump blood effectively. There are three main types: dilated cardiomyopathy where the heart chambers enlarge over time and the heart weakens; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where the heart muscle thickens abnormally; and restrictive cardiomyopathy where the ventricles become stiff. Symptoms include fatigue, edema, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Diagnosis involves tests like echocardiograms, EKGs and cardiac catheterization. Treatments focus on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and reducing complications through medications, lifestyle changes, surgery like septal myectomy, or heart transplant in severe cases.
Hypertensive heart disease
Hypertension can lead to hypertensive heart disease, damaging the heart over time. Left untreated, hypertensive heart disease can cause heart failure, thickening of the heart muscle, coronary artery disease, or cardiac arrhythmias. Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and leg swelling. Diagnosis involves medical tests like electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and stress tests. Treatment focuses on lowering blood pressure through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and medication to prevent further heart damage.
Congestive Heart Failure.pptx
Heart failure results from structural or functional abnormalities that impair the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. It can involve systolic or diastolic dysfunction. As the heart pumps less effectively, blood moves through the heart and body more slowly and pressure builds up in the heart. This prevents the heart from supplying enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. Heart failure prevalence is increasing and is a major cause of hospitalization. Risk factors include coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side of the heart is predominantly affected and include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, and irregular heart rhythms. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, BNP levels, chest x-
Dr hashemin negin dorri
This document provides an overview of cardiovascular diseases from psychosocial, medical, and social perspectives. It discusses:
- The history and anatomy of the heart
- Types of cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease and heart attacks
- Cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and hypertension
- The emergence of fields like psychosomatic medicine and health psychology in studying the mind-body connection
- Psychological factors influencing cardiovascular health like depression, anxiety, stress, and personality traits
- The social aspects of cardiovascular diseases including the roles of social support, socioeconomic status, and environment on cardiovascular outcomes.
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to reduced blood flow. CVD includes numerous conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, congenital heart disease, and others. Risk factors for CVD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and family history of early heart disease. CVD can be prevented by treating risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, not smoking, and managing conditions like diabetes.
Heart failure
Heart failure, also known as cardiac decompensation or cardiac insufficiency, occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that impair the heart muscle's ability to contract effectively or limit ventricular filling. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right ventricle is primarily affected and include dyspnea, fatigue, edema and others. Diagnostic tests may include echocardiography, ECG, chest x-ray and BNP level. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and preventing hospitalizations through lifestyle changes and medication.
Heart failure , systolic and diastolic dysfunction, management of acute heart...
heart failure is a chronic condition of the heart in which heart is unable to pump sufficient amount of blood to meet requirements of the metabolic tissues.
CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE
This document provides information about heart failure including its definition, pathophysiology, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. Heart failure is defined as impaired cardiac function that cannot maintain adequate circulation. The heart fails to pump sufficient blood due to reduced cardiac output and venous congestion. There are various compensatory mechanisms that work during early stages of heart failure to maintain blood flow such as the Frank-Starling mechanism and increased sympathetic activity. Common causes of heart failure include myocardial infarction, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. Symptoms include shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, and swelling of the legs or abdomen. Diagnosis involves imaging like echocardiography and electrocardiography to evaluate cardiac
Congestive heart failure
Congestive heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to support the organs. It can affect the left or right side of the heart. Risk factors include coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, heart defects, and other chronic diseases like diabetes. Symptoms include shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, blood tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and other cardiac imaging. Treatment consists of medications to regulate blood pressure and fluid levels, as well as lifestyle changes and potentially surgery. Nursing management focuses on monitoring fluid levels, breathing, and administering medications correctly. Complications can include kidney damage, heart valve problems, and arrhythm
congestiveheartfailure and its cause and sign
Congestive heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions like heart attack, high blood pressure, or heart defects. Symptoms include shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, blood tests, and imaging tests like echocardiograms. Treatment includes medications to regulate blood pressure and fluid levels, as well as lifestyle changes and potentially surgery. Nursing care focuses on managing fluid levels, breathing, and helping patients follow their treatment regimen to prevent complications and hospitalizations.
CHF.ppt
Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart muscle is unable to pump sufficiently, causing a build up of fluid in the lungs and peripheral tissues. It can be caused by conditions like coronary artery disease or hypertension that impair the heart's ability to contract and relax properly. The document discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and nursing care of congestive heart failure.
Unit 5 f11
This document outlines objectives and content for a unit on problems related to cardiac output and tissue perfusion. It discusses topics like cardiac anatomy and physiology, factors influencing cardiac output, pathophysiology of conditions like heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, and shock. It also addresses nursing implications and interventions for these various cardiac disorders.
HTN CRISIS SEMINER.pptx
This document discusses hypertensive crisis and provides details on its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management. It defines hypertensive crisis as an acute severe elevation in blood pressure of usually over 180/120 mmHg that may be associated with end organ dysfunction. It further categorizes hypertensive crisis into hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency based on the presence or absence of end organ damage. The document outlines the various causes, mechanisms, clinical assessment approach, and goals of treatment for hypertensive crisis, with an emphasis on preventing further organ damage while maintaining tissue perfusion.
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A brief synopsis of acute decompensated heart failure
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Student Work Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- 1. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Mariela, Lisa, Isaiah and Michelle
- 3. Arrhythmia- Abnormal heart rhythms
- 4. Hypertrophied- to be thickened
- 5. HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY (HOCM)
- 6. IDIOPATHIC HYPERTROPHIC SUBAORTIC STENOSIS (IHSS) Other Names
- 8. The right side of the heart consists of the right atrium, the tricuspid valve and the right ventricle.
- 9. Deoxygenated blood enters through the right side.
- 10. Then it travels through the pulmonary semi lunar valve into the lungs.
- 12. Then it travels through the left atrium, bicuspid valve and the left ventricle.
- 13. Then it goes through the aortic semi lunar valve and out through the aorta.
- 15. The more thick it becomes, the heart stiffens and the pumping chamber shrinks
- 16. The thickening interferes with the hearts capability to deliver blood to the bodymyocardium
- 18. He collapsed July 25, 2007 after a training session
- 19. After his workout, his breathing became labored. He became disjointed and stopped breathing
- 22. It is seen in all ages but it is more severe when you inherit it as a child
- 23. It also may develop because of high blood pressure or aging
- 24. Otherwise the causes are unknown
- 25. There are two ways of inheritance:
- 26. 60-70% of people develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by inheriting a gene that predisposes them to the disease
- 28. Family history of cardiac arrest
- 29. History of unexplained fainting
- 31. Severe heart muscle thickness
- 33. Fluid and sodium restrictions: If heart failure symptoms are present. Alcohol and caffeine may need to be restricted
- 34. Exercise: Noncompetitive aerobic activities. Heavy weight lifting and high-intensity sports are not recommended
- 36. Shortness of breath and fatigue
- 38. Palpitations (fluttering in the chest)
- 39. Light-headedness
- 40. Dizziness
- 41. Sensation of feeling the heartbeat
- 42. Patients may not have symptoms; sudden collapsing or death may occur
- 44. When a doctor gives a physical exam they will listen to your heart, people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy generally have a heart murmur
- 46. Narrowing in the outlet tract (path blood leaves heart)
- 48. Age and level of activity of patient
- 51. If people have arrhythmias they will have to take anti-arrhythmic medications
- 52. Pacemakers are sometimes used
- 53. If blood flow is severely blocked than surgical myectomy is done to remove the thickest part
- 55. the heart's lower chambers are not able to pump blood effectively enough to meet the body's needs for oxygen and nutrientsAtrial fibrillation is a common complication of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy interferes with the normal pumping of the heart cause blood clots to develop in the heart, which can break off and travel through the bloodstream (systemic embolism) may cause a stroke, heart attack, or blocked blood flow to an arm or leg.
- 56. Stats Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects an estimated 600,000 to 1.5 million Americans, or one in 500 people or 0.20%. It is more prevalent than multiple sclerosis, which affects one in 700 people. 544,000 people in USA have HCM. About 50% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will have a first-degree relative who also has the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- 61. WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise (2006,18,12). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - symptoms. Retrieved July 12, 2009, from www.webmd.com Web site: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/tc/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-symptoms