Diabetes is a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are two main types - type 1 caused by the immune system attacking insulin-producing cells, and type 2 which occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore insulin. Risk factors include family history, age, weight, and race/ethnicity. Symptoms include excessive thirst, hunger, urination and fatigue. Treatment involves diet, exercise, medication and insulin as needed to control blood sugar levels and prevent short and long term complications affecting organs like the eyes, kidneys and heart. Current research focuses on prediction, prevention and management of diabetes as well as its complications.