The document provides guidance on presenting results in research papers. It discusses that the results section should:
1) Summarize the key findings from the study in a clear and concise manner without interpreting the results or providing unnecessary details.
2) Present results objectively using tables, figures and plain language while highlighting important findings.
3) Describe results in the past tense and follow best practices for displaying data through appropriate use of tables and figures.
In this presentation various fundamental data analysis using Statistical Tool SPSS was elaborated with special reference to physical education and sports
A brief introduction for beginners. Topic included: background history of SPSS, some basics but effective data management techniques, frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing rule, association test/ contingency table test. All these statistical topics are explained with easy hands on example with basic data-set. This slide also provide a short but effective understanding about p-value, which is very important for statistical decision making
In this presentation various fundamental data analysis using Statistical Tool SPSS was elaborated with special reference to physical education and sports
A brief introduction for beginners. Topic included: background history of SPSS, some basics but effective data management techniques, frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing rule, association test/ contingency table test. All these statistical topics are explained with easy hands on example with basic data-set. This slide also provide a short but effective understanding about p-value, which is very important for statistical decision making
SPSS statistics - how to use SPSS for research, analysis, and surveys. Includes instructions and examples of how to: define a data file and variables, correlation analysis, multiple response sets, creating and editing charts, and much, much more!
Data analysis using spss for two sample t-test tutorialDaniel Sarpong
This beginner's manual for students, researchers, and data analysts provide a visual step-by-step approach for conducting data analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). It uses screen captures of the software to simplify the steps needed to carry out the commands to perform the statistical methods commonly employed in data analysis.
Data analysis lecture for IST 400/600 "Science Data Management" at the Syracuse University School of Information Studies. This lecture covers some basic high-level concepts involved in data analysis, with mild emphasis on scientific research contexts.
SPSS for beginners, a short course about how novices can use SPSS to analyze their research findings. With this tutorial anyone becomes able to use SPSS for basic statistical analysis. No need to be a professional to use SPSS.
At the end of this Lesson (Part 1) the students should be able to know the following
Descriptive statistics
Saving an SPSS for Windows
Backing up your data
Retrieving your Data Files
Writing the results section for scientific publicationAshok Pandey
To introduce participants to the details of communication and writing scientific papers.
To guide researchers in the writing of scientific paper to increase its acceptability for publication in a journal; and
To upgrade the pre-existing knowledge of writing skills in a scientific manner.
SPSS statistics - how to use SPSS for research, analysis, and surveys. Includes instructions and examples of how to: define a data file and variables, correlation analysis, multiple response sets, creating and editing charts, and much, much more!
Data analysis using spss for two sample t-test tutorialDaniel Sarpong
This beginner's manual for students, researchers, and data analysts provide a visual step-by-step approach for conducting data analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). It uses screen captures of the software to simplify the steps needed to carry out the commands to perform the statistical methods commonly employed in data analysis.
Data analysis lecture for IST 400/600 "Science Data Management" at the Syracuse University School of Information Studies. This lecture covers some basic high-level concepts involved in data analysis, with mild emphasis on scientific research contexts.
SPSS for beginners, a short course about how novices can use SPSS to analyze their research findings. With this tutorial anyone becomes able to use SPSS for basic statistical analysis. No need to be a professional to use SPSS.
At the end of this Lesson (Part 1) the students should be able to know the following
Descriptive statistics
Saving an SPSS for Windows
Backing up your data
Retrieving your Data Files
Writing the results section for scientific publicationAshok Pandey
To introduce participants to the details of communication and writing scientific papers.
To guide researchers in the writing of scientific paper to increase its acceptability for publication in a journal; and
To upgrade the pre-existing knowledge of writing skills in a scientific manner.
How to Prepare a Manuscript for Scientific Journal PublicationAkshat Tanksale
This slideshow goes through basics of manuscript preparation for scientific journal publication. If you are a PhD student or early career researcher these hints may help you improve your first draft of the mansucript and reduce the time it takes to make a manuscript ready for submission.
This assignment tests your ability to correctly identify and apply.docxterirasco
This assignment tests your ability to correctly identify and apply statistical techniques, describe and interpret results, and present managerial recommendations. You will be graded on each of these concepts.
Always create your own tables to present the results. Simple copying and pasting the SPSS tables will
reduce your grade
(you may copy/paste histograms from SPSS).
First copying/pasting into Excel (or other) than copying/pasting into SPSS is the same thing. Be sure to create presentation quality tables from the raw data tables produced by SPSS.
Keep in mind that a table may not be necessary for every question. Assume any data errors you discover are double-entries which should be corrected to single-entries (e.g., 44 should be 4). Not finding and correcting these errors means your other answers will probably be wrong. Be sure to properly list results (e.g., sort means in descending order, etc.) rather than a random (i.e., lack of meaning) order.
Download the SPSS file “Avery Fitness Center MR 2015.sav” from Blackboard>Assignments. Refer to both the survey (p. 357) and codebook (p. 358) for guidance.
The class handouts and Chapters 17 and 18 provide examples of the needed techniques and interpretations. The class handouts and Chapters 19 and 20 provide guidance on how to best present your results. Unless specified otherwise, use an alpha of .05. Be sure to report all relevant values (e.g., chi-square, et cetera). Also use a 95% confidence level where appropriate unless told otherwise. The
Guide to Using SPSS
, the textbook, and the class handouts will help you use SPSS.
When done, submit a single Word document with your “lastname” in the filename on Blackboard>Assignments>SPSS Homework Submission.
NOTE
: The results you get will be DIFFERENT from the exhibits in the book!
Remember to use relevant data to thoroughly explain and analyze your answers. In addition to the correct answers, you will be graded on the clarity of communication including the appearance of exhibits (e.g. tables). Presenting the SPSS tables will lower your grade. The tables you submit should be created in either Word or Excel (or similar).
This is an
INDIVIDUAL
assignment. Sharing of answers, data, tables, analysis, et cetera is strictly prohibited. While it is acceptable to ask a classmate on how to use SPSS, you cannot work together on the analysis of the data, creation of the tables, or any other component of this project. If you do then you are violating the Academic Integrity policy and subject to receiving a failing grade for the
course
. Your papers will be submitted through turnitin.com (via Blackboard) and checked for originality. Furthermore each file will be inspected for evidence of collaboration.
Working side-by-side or sharing of files is a violation of the academic integrity policy and all parties involved will be reported to the Associate Provost. DO NOT allow someone else to have access to your files. You will be held responsible if s.
Review of "Survey Research Methods & Design in Psychology"James Neill
Reviews the 150 hour, third year psychology unit which examined survey research methods, with an emphasis on the second-half of the unit on MLR, ANOVA, power, and effect size.
Overview of strategies of public health services in a typical.pptxAshok Pandey
3.1 Advocacy of public health perspective in the urban and rural municipalities for establishment of public- health focused section/unit and program plan
3.2 Incorporation of public health core actions (promotive, preventive, protective, control and encouragement for early detection and treatment of diseases) and intervention, such as educational policy-regulatory, infrastructural, community organizational and managerial interventions in municipal health plans supported by human resources for implementation
3.3 Mobilization of local clubs and organizations
3.4 Inter-organizational coordination, cooperation and resource mobilization
3.5 Excessive use of local (specifically in rural setting) and mass media (specifically in urban setting)
3.6 Establishment of public health service centers at wards
3.7 Special roles and functions of public health practitioners at the local health and medical service centers in the rural and urban settings
Unit 4: International public health 18 hours
4.1 Need for developing specific public health perspective to international health: global aspirations regarding health and disease
a. Global aspiration on health: healthy world population;
healthy planet; health as fundamental human rights
b. Universal coverage of health services
c. Concept of global philosophy on Sarbajanahitaya
(Universal good for world people; SarbajanaSukhhaya
(Universal happiness)
4.2 Definition of international health, ,international public health
and synonymous term global health
4.3 Characteristics of international health
4.4 Historical background of international public health movement
4.5 Significant forces affecting to international health
4.6 Current international health issues demanding global public
health action
A review of GLOBALIZATION, A Very Short Introduction by Manfred B. StegerAshok Pandey
Manfred B. Steger is a political scientist and author known for his work on globalization. "GLOBALIZATION: A Very Short Introduction" is one of the books in the "Very Short Introductions" series published by Oxford University Press. These books provide concise and accessible introductions to a wide range of topics. In "GLOBALIZATION: A Very Short Introduction," Manfred B. Steger explores the concept of globalization and its impact on the world. He discusses the economic, political, cultural, and social dimensions of globalization and provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the subject. The book delves into the historical roots of globalization, its contemporary manifestations, and the debates surrounding its effects on various aspects of society.
Critics
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and economies through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas. While globalization has brought about significant economic growth and technological advancement, Marxists often critique it from several angles:
a. Exploitation: Marxists argue that globalization can exacerbate global economic inequalities, as multinational corporations exploit cheap labor in developing countries to maximize profits.
b. Imperialism: Some Marxists see globalization as a form of imperialism, where powerful nations and multinational corporations dominate and exploit weaker nations and their resources.
c. Cultural Homogenization: Critics within the Marxist tradition contend that globalization can lead to cultural homogenization, as Western values and consumer culture become dominant worldwide, erasing local traditions and identities.
d. Capital Mobility: Globalization has facilitated the movement of capital across borders, allowing multinational corporations to evade taxes and regulations, which can undermine the power of nation-states.
In summary, Marxism provides a critical framework for analyzing the impact of globalization on societies and economies, emphasizing issues of class struggle, exploitation, and inequality. While Marxism has influenced various social and political movements, its application to contemporary globalization debates remains a complex and evolving topic.
- The meaning and definition of the Hypothesis.
- The Nature of Hypothesis.
- The Importance and Use of Hypothesis in Research Methodology.
- The Sources of Hypothesis.
- The Relationship Between Variables and Hypothesis.
- The Types of Hypothesis.
- Formulating a Good Hypothesis.
- Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis.
- Hypothesis Testing.
- Errors in Hypothesis Testing
National Conference on Comprehensive Sexuality Education 24 – 25 May 2023, Ka...Ashok Pandey
National Conference on Comprehensive Sexuality Education
24 – 25 May 2023, Kathmandu
Intervention on Comprehensive Sexuality Education: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Finalizing and Reviewing the Health Research Proposal_Ashok.pptxAshok Pandey
To acquaint the participants with health research process, and
To enhance knowledge and skill of the participants for the development of health research proposal.
Desired subject areas for tourism and development of Arghakhanchi districts: Agriculture, Tourism, Education, Technical education, Health, Hydropower related, Industries, Physical Infrastructures, Startup sectors and viability. Home Stay viability wit the area selection.
https://www.ratopati.com/story/350218/sushila
Upon the successful completion of the course the students will be
able to:
1. Describe the meaning of rural health.
2. Identify rural health issues and service needs by
appraising the health and medical condition and their
determining factors.
Project Management equips the business professional with leading methodologies and practices in the health project management field. Public health professional need to manage different health related programme intervention, development and evaluation. Professionals need to accompany the knowledge about the project management and this chapter describes all the matters of project management. Project management is a requirement for professionals in many fields, with many employers now identifying project management skills as vital for corporate success.
Public Opinion and Compliance Survey on Tobacco Control and Legislations in N...Ashok Pandey
Nepal passed a comprehensive tobacco control law in April 2011
From May 15, 2015, picture and text warnings must be placed on 90 percent
Nepal received the Bloomberg award for advancing ahead with the biggest-ever pictorial graphic health warnings
NHEICC, being a focal point for tobacco control, is conducting various programs for the effective implementation of the enforced law.
SPSS is short for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, and it's used by various kinds of researchers for complex statistical data analysis. The SPSS software package was created for the management and statistical analysis of social science data.
This course has been designed to equip the student with the basic research design including research methods in health sciences. The course aims to impart basic knowledge on different types of study design
This course has been designed to equip the student with the basic sampling methods in health sciences. The course aims to impart basic knowledge on sample size, sample selection, etc.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
3. The Results Section
• The core of the paper
• Often includes tables, figures, or both
• Should summarize findings rather than providing data in great detail
• Should present results but not comment on them
• Data presentation should not repeat the data in the visuals, but rather
highlight the most important points.
• In the “standard” research paper approach, your Results section should
exclude data interpretation, leaving it for the Discussion section
3
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
4. Results
Report the key findings,
• What you found
• not why you found it and what it means to have such findings
• Clear and concise summary of the data that was
collected and the results of any statistical tests.
• This section answers the question - What happened?
• The results section is one of the most feared sections of
the report.
• But the fear is not justified
4
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
5. 5
Results
Clear and simple description of the findings
- Text should compliment tables & figures
- Highlight important findings, not details required.
Provide meaningful information - Avoid raw data!
Use of adjectives
- OK to describe quantitative differences, e.g., higher, larger
- Avoid subjective terms, e.g., remarkable,
outstanding, interesting, significant
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
6. Mentioning tables and figures
• In citing tables and figures, emphasize the finding, not the table or
figure.
• Not so good: Table 3 shows that researchers who attended the workshop
published twice as many papers per year.
Table 3 clearly shows that …
It is obvious from figure 4 that …
• Better: Researchers who attended the workshop published twice as many
papers per year (Table 3).
6
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
7. 7
State the result and then present the data or cite a figure or
table.
In the 20 control subjects, the mean resting blood pressure was
85 ± 5(SD) mmHg. In comparison, in the 30 patients, the mean
resting blood pressure was 94 ± 3(SD) mmHg.
vs.
The mean resting blood pressure was 10% higher in the 30
patients than in the 20 control subjects (94 ± 3 [SD] vs 85
±5[SD] mmHg, P< 0.02).
Do not provide incomplete information
“People taking ibuprofen daily were more likely to have
asthma.”
More likely than whom?
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
8. Verb Tense for the Results Section:
Past Tense
Examples:
• A total of 417 samples contained . . .
• _____ increased, but _____ decreased.
• The average temperature was _____.
• Three of the dogs died.
• This difference was not statistically significant.
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8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
9. • 9 participants died during the study.
When number are less than 10, use words.
• The 10-year-olds performed better than the 8-year-olds.
When describing ages, use numerals.
• Sixty students had not heard about Ebola.
When starting a sentence with a number, use words
• Participants worked on either 5 or 10 logic problems.
When numbers above or at 10 and below 10 are being
compared in the same sentence, use numerals.
Writing Numbers
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 9
10. Common problems
Endless Description
• Without interpretation is another pitfall. Tables need
conclusion, not the detailed presentation of all the
number or percentages in cell
• Readers can also read tables
Sometimes qualitative data are just coded and counted like
quantitative data without interpretation even when they are
providing important information. Its serious maltreatment of
data
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 10
11. Example: JNHRC
Present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables, and illustrations,
giving the main or most important findings first. Do not repeat all the data in
the tables or illustrations in the text; emphasize or summarize only the most
important observations. Extra or supplementary materials and technical detail
can be placed in an appendix where they will be accessible but will not
interrupt the flow of the text, or they can be published solely in the electronic
version of the journal.
When data are summarized in the Results section, give numeric results not
only as derivatives (for example, percentages) but also as the absolute numbers
from which the derivatives were calculated, and specify the statistical methods
used to analyze them. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the
argument of the paper and to assess supporting data. Use graphs as an
alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and
tables. Avoid nontechnical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as
“random” (which implies a randomizing device), “normal,” “significant,”
“correlations,” and “sample.”
Where scientifically appropriate, analyses of the data by such variables as age
and sex should be included.
11
http://jnhrc.com.np/files/about.submission/author_guideline.pdf
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
12. Example: JPAHS
Present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables, and illustrations, giving the
main or most important findings first.
Do not repeat all the data in the tables or illustrations in the text; emphasize or
summarize only the most important observations.
Extra or supplementary materials and technical detail can be placed in an appendix
where they will be accessible but will not interrupt the flow of the text, or they can be
published solely in the electronic version of the journal.
When data are summarized in the Results section, give numeric results not only as
derivatives (for example, percentages) but also as the absolute numbers from which the
derivatives were calculated, and specify the statistical methods used to analyze them.
Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to
assess supporting data. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not
duplicate data in graphs and tables.
Avoid nontechnical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as “random” (which
implies a randomizing device), “normal,” “significant,” “correlations,” and “sample.”
Where scientifically appropriate, analyses of the data by such variables as age and sex
should be included.
12
Author Guidelines Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences
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14. Principles of preparing figures and tables
Present data appropriately
Data Looks Better Naked
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15. Use of charts and Tables
Use tables
• You need to compare
or look up individual
values.
• You require precise
values.
• The data has to
communicate
quantitative
information, but not
trends.
Use charts
• Is used to convey a message that
is contained in the shape of the
data.
• Is used to show a relationship
between many values
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 15
18. What do you want to do?
Goal
Describe
Variable
Univariable
analysis
Compare/find
association
Bivariate
analysis
Prediction
Multivariable
Analysis
Calculate
time to event
Survival
analysis
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 18
19. Comparison of 2 groups
Unpaired Group
Paired Group
Ratio/interval Ordinal Nominal
Normal
Non-
Normal
Independent
t test
Man Whitney
Test
Fisher Exact
Chi Square
Ratio/interval Ordinal Nominal
Normal Non-Normal
Paired t
test
Wilcoxon Test
McNemars
Test
Kolmogorov-
Smirnov Test
Shapiro-Wilk Test
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Test
Shapiro-Wilk Test
One Dependent,
One Independent
Variable
Yates
Correction
Chi Square
Sample size>40, Exp cell value>5
Yates Correction
Sample size>40, Exp. cell value<5
Fisher Exact test
Sample size20-40, Exp. cell value<5
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 19
20. Comparison of >2 groups
Unpaired Group
Paired Group
Ratio/interval Ordinal Nominal
Normal
Non-
Normal
One Way
ANOVA
Kruskal Wallis
test
Chi Square
Ratio/interval Ordinal Nominal
Normal
Non-
Normal
Repeated
ANOVA
Friedman Test
Cochrane Q
Test
Kolmogorov-
Smirnov Test
Shapiro-Wilk
Test
Kolmogorov-
Smirnov Test
Shapiro-Wilk Test
Logistic
Regression
One Dependent,
One Independent
Variable
Other Normality tests:
Lilliefors corrected K-S test Anderson-Darling test Cramer-von Mises test Jarque-Bera test
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 20
21. Tables and Figures
• Foundation of your paper – tells the story
• Minimum no. of tables and figures (journals have limits)
• Do not present same data in tables and figures
• Know when to use a table vs. a figure
• Use similar formats so readers do not have to reorient
themselves to each table / figure
• Make them look professional – use footnotes
• Make sure all are cited in the text
• Do not waste space - Make use of Supplemental Material
21
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
22. Basic rules for the preparation of tables and graphs
Ideally, every table should:
• Be self-explanatory;
• Present values with the same number of decimal places in all
its cells
• Include a title informing what is being described and where, as
well as the number of observations
• Have a structure formed by three horizontal lines, defining
table heading and the end of the table at its lower border;
• Not have vertical lines
• Provide additional information in table footer, when needed
• Be inserted into a document only after being mentioned in the
text; and
• Be numbered by Arabic numerals.
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25. Frugal use of "non-data ink"
Pie Chart
• https://speakerdeck.com/cherda
rchuk/data-looks-better-naked-
pie-chart-edition
Bar Diagram
• https://speakerdeck.com/cherda
rchuk/remove-to-improve-the-
data-ink-ratio
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 25
26. Results: A Suggestion
• Look at the Results sections of some papers in your target journal.
• Notice items such as the following:
• Length
• Organization
• Inclusion of subheads (or not)
• Number of tables and figures
• Use these Results sections as models.
26
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey
28. Components of a Paper
Section Purpose
Title Clearly describes contents
Authors Ensures recognition for the writer(s)
Abstract Describes what was done
Key Words (some journals)
Ensures the article is correctly identified
in abstracting and indexing services
Introduction Explains the problem
Methods Explains how the data were collected
Results Describes what was discovered
Discussion Discusses the implications of the findings
Acknowledgements
Ensures those who helped in the research
are recognised
References
Ensures previously published work is
recognised
Appendices (some journals)
Provides supplemental data for the expert
reader
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29. Discussion
Begin with the interpretation of the data, with respect to the
specific objectives of the study, and then get progressively
broader, interpreting papers by others, ending with the
concepts used to start the Introduction.
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 29
30. Discussion
• Don’t write an expansive essay that
extrapolates widely from what you found
• Start the discussion with a single sentence
that states your main findings
• Discuss both strengths and weaknesses
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31. Discussion: In Depth
Relate your study to what has been already found
• How do your results fit in with what is already known?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of your study
compared to previous studies?
• Why does your paper offer a different conclusion?
Discuss what your study means
• Don’t overstate the importance of your findings; readers
will probably come to their own conclusions on this
issue
Unanswered questions
• What did your research not address? Avoid using the
cliché more research is needed.
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32. Avoiding A Long, Rambling Discussion Section
First Paragraph:
• Interpretation/answer based on key findings
• Supporting evidence
Subsequent paragraphs:
• Compare/contrast to previous studies
• Strengths and weaknesses (limitations) of the study
• Unexpected findings
• Hypothesis or models
Last paragraph:
• Summary
• Significance/implication
• Unanswered questions and future research
33. Common mistakes in writing discussion
– Combined with Results
– New results discussed
– Broad statements
– Incorrectly discussing inconclusive results
– Ambiguous data sources
– Missing information
34. Discussion
The Discussion should be concise and tightly argued.
You may wish to discuss the following points also:
• How do the conclusions affect the existing
knowledge in the field?
• How can future research build on these
observations and what are the key experiments
that must be done?
35.
36. Conclusion
• In conclusion, state most important outcome of your
work by interpreting the findings at higher level of
abstraction than the discussion and by relating these
findings to the motivation stated in the introduction
• Do not extend your conclusions beyond what is directly
supported by your results - avoid undue speculation
• Outline the next steps for further study
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37. Acknowledgments
• Those who contributed to the work but do not
meet our authorship criteria should be listed in
the Acknowledgments with a description of the
contribution.
• Authors are responsible for ensuring that anyone
named in the Acknowledgments agrees to be
named.
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38. Acknowledgments
• Common professional courtesy (distinct from
authorship, although this can be contentious).
• Indicate source(s) of financial support (Some
Journals do not allow to acknowledge here and need
to mention in funding section) .
• People who contributed with help in the field and/or
lab, with ideas, statistic analysis, etc., (those whose
contributions were less than those expected for co-
authorship.
• Only professional, not emotional help (find other
ways to thank your mother or your boyfriend).
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40. Parts of a Manuscript
• Introduction
• Identifies the problem
• Background/Literature Review
• Identifies what’s known and what’s not known
• Methods
• Identifies the who, when, how
•Results
• Identifies the what (found)
•Discussion
•Conclusion
•Abstract
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Ashok Pandey
41. • Overview of the paper
• Best if written last
• Crucial for capturing readers attention – advertisement for your paper
• Journal editors and peer reviewers get their first impression of the
paper from the abstract
• Researchers generally read the abstract of a paper before deciding
whether to read the entire paper.
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42. Abstract Outline
• To determine…
• we…
• We found that...
• These results suggest that…
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43. Useful resources on writing an abstract
'How to write a good abstract for a scientific paper or conference
presentation':
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC 3136027/
How to construct a summary paragraph for papers submitted to Nature
(this contains advice specific to Nature, but it is a useful guide in
general):
www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/Letter_bold_para.doc
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 43
46. Title
Good research paper titles (typically 10–12 words long) use descriptive
terms and phrases that accurately highlight the core content of the
paper.
• A good research paper title:
• Condenses the paper’s content in a few words
• Captures the readers’ attention
• Differentiates the paper from other papers of the same subject area
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50. Problems of Authorship
• Disputes - Question of interpretation
• Whether “contribution” was substantial.
• Discuss authorship when research is
planned
• Decide authorship before article is started
• Misconduct
• Authorship is unethical
• Stick to facts
• Avoid being emotional
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51. Two types of Problems
Gift Authorship
Inclusion of Authors who did not contribute significantly to the study
Hierarchy (Expectation / favour)
Colleagues ( Increase publications)
Ghost Authorship
Absence of Authors
Professional writers ( Should be acknowledged)
Hierarchical / political / personal reasons
Ghost authorship is essentially the opposite of honorary authorship,
entailing a significant contribution to a manuscript without acknowledgment
of that contribution.
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52. Ethical approval for health research
http://nhrc.gov.np/
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53. Ethical approval for other research
https://nec.gov.np/page/committees
https://moe.gov.np/
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 53
54. Authorship: ICMJE Guidelines
“Authorship credit should be based only on
1) substantial contributions to conception and design, or
acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data;
2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important
intellectual content; and
3) final approval of the version to be published.
Conditions 1, 2, and 3 must all be met. “
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 54
55. What authors think?
• Supply of patient data, reagents, biological specimens, illustrations
• Co-ordination or participation in the collection of data
• Care or examination of patients
• Supply of funds or space
• technical work in the laboratory
• Head of department or institute
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 55
56. Authorship: other approaches
• Authors
• Collaborators
• Specify the contribution of each one
• Include technical and author’s editors
• Guarantors
• Facilities, Funds and space
• Ethical conduct of study
• Reviewers
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58. Duplicate Submissions
• Most journals will not consider simultaneously submitted manuscripts
• potential for disagreement over right to publish among journals
• possibility of unnecessary duplication of peer review and editing
• Is acceptable
• when both editors believe it is in the best interest of Public Health
• Paper has been rejected by another journal
• Full report following submission of abstract
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59. Salami/Redundant Publication
• Publication of a paper that substantially overlaps with an
already published article
• Unethical
• Wastes time of peer-reviewers and editors
• Wastes resources and Journal pages
• Leads to flawed meta analysis
• Distorts Academic reward system
• Infringes on copyright
• Inflates scientific literature for no benefit other than to author
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60. Redundant publication -Editorial Actions
• Prompt rejection of submitted paper
• Redundant publication refers only to peer-
reviewed publications
• If redundant paper already published
• Publication of notice of duplicate publication
• Advise other editor/publisher involved
• copyright violations
• Inform employer/ institution of author
• For appropriate sanctions to be taken
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61. Acceptable Secondary Publication
• Guidelines, another language, commemorative
• Approval from editors of both journals
• Priority of primary publication is respected
• Paper for secondary publication is intended for a different audience
• Secondary version faithfully reflects data and interpretations of primary
version
• Footnote on title page of secondary version states primary reference
• "This article is based on a study first reported in the J. …"
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62. Competing Manuscripts
• Manuscripts based on same study
• Disagreement on analysis or interpretation – Two
options
• Two papers on same study
• Single paper with commentary(ies)
• Disagreement on method or results
• Publication refused until differences resolved
• Manuscripts based on same data sets
• Publication may be justified if different analytic
approaches used
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63. Sibling Manuscripts
• Related papers submitted to different journals with no cross citation.
• Fragments science – unhelpful to readers
• Journals instruct authors to provide relevant papers including, in press and
under review.
• Greater likelihood paper will be accepted
• Good publication practice is to provide
• Full disclosure, full citation, full discussion of author's related work
• Szklo & Wlcox (2003) Am. J. Epidemiology 157:281
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64. Prevention
• Better education on publication guidelines and ethics.
• Introduction of registers for planned and on-going clinical trials.
• Change criteria from quantity to quality when papers are used
for assessment of posts or grants.
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65. Ethical responsibilities of Editors and
reviewers
• Maintain confidentiality
• Not to misappropriate ideas or text
• Emit reviews that are justifiable and without bias
• Transmit information to authors in a timely fashion
• Declare any conflict of interest
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67. Plagiarism
• Plagiarism: Copying data, ideas, or work by
other authors, without giving them credit.
• Discussing another researcher’s idea is not
plagiarism, unless the author tries to pass it off as
his/her own idea.
• Again, it is difficult for referees to catch
plagiarism, unless they know what they are
looking for.
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68. Fabrication
• Inventing or faking results.
• It is almost impossible for peer review to catch this
kind of fraud.
• It is usually discovered when other researchers try to
reproduce the author’s results.
• Fabrication of results is never done innocently, and it
leaves a permanent mark on the scientists’ career
Example: Haruko Obokata, at the Riken Centre for Developmental Biology in Kobe,
announced the breakthrough in January 2014 in two articles published in the
scientific journal Nature, but the discovery was thrown into doubt after researchers
elsewhere failed to replicate her work.
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69. Falsification
• “Tweaking” or manipulating results.
• It is difficult for reviewers to catch this kind of fraud, and it is
usually tough for other researchers too.
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70. Conflict of interest
• If an author stands to make a significant financial profit from the
results of a study – and does not state that explicitly – this
constitutes a type of fraud.
• For example, if an author who owns stock in a pharmaceuticals
company publishes a study indicating that a new drug by that
company is simply fantastic, he must indicate that he owns
stock in the company.
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72. Where and How to Submit the Manuscript, Rights and
Permissions?
Publication process, dealing with journals/editors
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73. Most scientists regarded the new streamlined
peer-review process as ‘quite an improvement.’
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74. Electronic submission of papers for publication: the days of a
complicated, hard-copy paper trail are gone ... good riddance!
After deciding on the appropriate journal for publication of
your paper, carefully READ the “Instructions to Authors” for
that particular journal.
Pay attention to formatting requirements, manuscript structure,
literature citation style, and allowable file types for figures,
illustrations, and tables.
Manuscript submission
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75. Electronic submission
Assignment of manuscript to a specific Editor
Editor decides if MS is appropriate for journal
Return to author(s) un-reviewed
Editor sends manuscript to two or three reviewers
(one or more of which may be a member of journal’s editorial board
while one or more may not)
Reviewers read MS and generate criticisms and
comments
No
Yes
Editor reads reviews and
makes initial decision
Manuscript submission and review flow chart
1. Acceptance without revision
2. Major revision
3. Minor revision
4. Reject
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76. Submitting your paper
Follow journal instructions
• Formatting
- Title, abstract, text, tables, figures
- Use software for references
• Word limits
• Author names and affiliations correct
• Corresponding author
• Ask if you need help or clarification
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
77. The review process - Who is involved in
any journal
Editor-in-chief (EiC)
- Final decisions
Associate editors (larger journals)
- Find reviewers
- Manage the review process
- Make initial recommendation to EiC
Editorial review board (larger journals)
Peer reviewers
- Selected for their expertise
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
78. Responding to Reviews
Put yourself in the reviewers’ position
• A good review takes many hours to complete
• Reviewers are volunteering their time
• Good reviewers are usually very busy people
Put yourself in the editor’s position
• Editors often do not receive any compensation
• Make it easy for them to make a decision about your revised paper
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
79. Responding to Reviews
• Do not ignore any comment or suggestion
• Responses to avoid
- We disagree with this suggestion
- We chose not to follow this suggestion because we felt it was inappropriate
- Following this suggestion would be too much additional work
• Educate your reviewer
- If they misunderstood something, make it clear
- If they are incorrect, respectfully explain why
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
80. Responding to Reviews
Responding to suggestions you disagree with
Bad
• The reviewer is clearly ignorant of the work of Kunkel et al. (2008) showing that the
ribonucleoside monophosphates are incorporated into the genome during DNA synthesis……
Good
• Thank you for your comment. However, we feel that
the assumption in our model is supported by recent work by Kunkel et al. (2008), who showed
that the ribonucleoside monophosphates are incorporated into the genome during DNA synthesis.
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
81. Responding to Reviews - Follow instructions!
• Revise and resubmit promptly
- Do not miss the deadline
- Ask for an extension if you need one
• Correct formatting errors, improve figures
• Recheck author names, order and affiliations
• Confirm references, revise and update as needed
• Do not add information that has not been requested unless there is a compelling reason to do so
• If you identify errors during the revision, correct them and point out the changes in your response.
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
82. Responding to Reviews
Possible outcomes:
• The editor may send your revised paper back to reviewers
- Usually goes to the original reviewers, in rare cases may go to new reviewers
• The editor may make a decision without sending your revised paper back to reviewers
- May request additional revisions on their own
- May accept or reject the revised paper
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
83. Responding to Reviews
To learn to think like a reviewer, do reviews
• Ask mentors to recommend you if they decline
• Accept review invitations whenever possible
- If you cannot do a thorough review on time, please decline and suggest an alternate
Reviewing also helps you gain recognition
• Let journal editors know you are interested and willing to do reviews in your area of
expertise
- Once editors know you are a good reviewer, you will be inundated with requests!
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
85. • Review process
• Who is involved?
• Steps in the review process
• Responding to reviewers
• Publication process
• Helpful resources and strategies
• Importance of a Cover letter
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86. The review process
Who is likely to review or manage your paper?
• Journal board members (Associate Editors and Editorial Review boards) in
your subject area
• Other experts in your subject area
• Authors of similar studies or related publications
• Authors that you have cited in your paper
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
87. The Review Process
Preferred reviewers
• If the journal gives you the option to suggest preferred reviewers, provide 3-4 names
• Mention in cover letter, or maybe a separate field if electronic submission
• Make sure names and contact information correct
• Don’t suggest people from your institution or those with obvious conflicts
• Ok to suggest journal board members
• Be aware that preferred reviewers are not always “easy” reviewers!
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
88. The Review Process
Non-preferred reviewers
• May or may not be indicated as an option
• Rarely a good idea, but can be appropriate on occasion
- Clear conflict (adversarial)
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
89. Steps in the review process
1. Triage
2. External peer review
3. Editor’s decision
4. Revisions
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
90. Triage
Initial screen by selective journals
• Avoid overloading reviewers with papers that are obviously
inappropriate for the journal
• At minimum, read abstract & introduction- but may only skim (or even skip)
the rest
What this means to you
• If you do not sell your paper to the editor(s) by the end of the introduction, it
is likely to be rejected
• If your paper is very badly written, it is likely to be rejected without
reviewing by selective journals
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
91. Triage
Triage: Key considerations
• Is the topic appropriate for the journal?
- Are papers from the journal cited?
• Is the paper likely to advance knowledge?
- Novel concept or approach
- Better study design or analysis
• Is the paper coherent and clear?
• Did the author follow journal instructions?
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
92. Triage
Rejection without review
• Did your abstract & introduction fail to sell the paper?
• Was your paper very difficult to understand?
• Was there a “fatal mistake”?
Advantage: Speeds up the review process
- Rejection in 1 - 2 weeks versus 1 - 2 months
- Disadvantage: Usually do not receive any feedback
Requests for reconsideration
- May be appropriate, but only on rare occasions
- Be respectful and polite!
- Make a strong case for your paper to EIC
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
93. Example
Subject: MS: 2014_I-SRR_11333 : Invitation to Review Manuscript for International STD Research & Reviews
Dear Pandey,
I am approaching you with the peer-review request of the below mentioned manuscript submitted in International STD
Research & Reviews
Title: HIV KNOWLEDGE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOURS AMONG OUT-OF-
SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN KUMBA, SOUTHWEST REGION OF CAMEROON
I would be grateful if you would kindly find some time to review the above mentioned manuscript and send your valuable
comments within 21 calendar days (5 June’2014).
Abstract of the manuscript is available in this link (https://www.dropbox.com/s/ubxp4oe9vtl5o1x/Abstract%202014_I-
SRR_11333.docx). After clicking in this link you will be redirected to the attachment webpage. Then download the
file. If you require the file as E-mail attachment kindly let us know.
Kindly click on this link if you decline to our invitation: Declined to peer review
7/28/2017 The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor? 93
94. Peer Review
• Usually 2 - 3 reviewers
• Usually given 2 - 3 weeks to submit review
• May be given detailed instructions about what to evaluate, but not
always
• May provide separate comments to the editor
- Should be consistent with their comments to you, but are not always so
• Quality of reviews varies substantially
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
95. Peer Review – What does this mean for
you?
• Similar to triage, but based on a more detailed review
You must convince reviewers that your paper is worth your effort
If a reviewer can’t understand what you did, they will question your research
• Be clear and concise and pay attention to details
If a reviewer can’t understand what you are saying, they will be more likely to
question your work
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
96. Peer Review Outcomes
Editor’s decision
• Associate Editor makes recommendation
• ED makes final decision
Possible outcomes
Rejection
• Request Revisions
- Some have “Accept with revisions”
- Never assume that acceptance is guaranteed
- Different levels of revisions, e.g., major or minor
Acceptance
- Very rare for first draft
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97. What to do if your paper is rejected?
• Revise the paper in response to reviewer
• Comments before submitting elsewhere!
- The paper will be better because of it
- You might also end up with the same reviewer
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98. Reviewers are humans with a sense of
comedy!!
• The biggest problem with this manuscript, which has nearly sucked the will to live
out of me, is the terrible writing style.
• Done! Difficult task, I don’t wish to think about constipation
……………………………………….. during my holidays!
• The peaceful atmosphere between Christmas and New Year was rapidly disrupted
by reading this manuscript.
• This is a long, but excellent report. [...] It hurts me a little to have so little criticism
of a manuscript.
• Very much enjoyed reading this one, and do not have any significant comments.
Wish I had thought of this one.
(Source: Environmental Microbiology)
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
99. Responding to Reviews
A request for revisions is a good sign, but it does not guarantee that your paper will be accepted!
• Respond to every comment or question
• You do not have to do everything that reviewers ask, but pick your battles carefully
- Provide strong justification for not complying
- Use Editor comments for guidance, especially when reviews are inharmonious
• Be as respectful and responsive as possible
- Remember- reviewers are trying to help you
- Assume positive intent!
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100. Your response should be easy to follow.
• Indicate what was changed and where
- Include original & revised text in your response
- Use line numbers if allowed
- Submit “tracked” and “clean” revisions
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
101. The publication process
Ahead of Print (AOP) publication
Many journals now publish papers online soon after they are accepted, before the paper
goes into print publication
Often publish a PDF of the final Word version of your paper without any copyediting or
layout
- May or may not give you an opportunity to review the paper a final time before AOP
Some journals will update the AOP copy with copyedited
versions - AOP version ultimately replaced with print version
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
102. The publication process
Copyediting
• Managing editors or copyeditors review papers before publication
Queries
• Grammar and spelling errors
• References and citations
• Ambiguous or inconsistent information
• May provide suggestions re: content or organization
• Respond promptly, politely and completely
• Queries at the page proof stage
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
103. The publication process
Page proofs
• Final copy of the typeset version of the paper
• Review for completeness, typographical errors, errors in references
• Placement and formatting of tables and figures
- Some journals create new figures be sure to check for accuracy
Final check for errors!
• Do not add new information
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
104. The Publication Process
Press Release
• Some journals write PRs for selected papers
- Will ask you first
- Your own institution may do a PR for you
• Be sure to review the PR before it is released
Embargo
• Paper accepted but online publication delayed to provide
media with time to prepare stories
• Ask journal about their policy
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105. What leads to ACCEPTANCE – Top 10 list
• Attention to details
• Choose the right journal
• Consider reviewers' comments
• English must be as good as possible
• Present your ideas clearly and concisely
• Take your time with revisions
• Acknowledge those who have helped you
• New, original and previously unpublished work
• Critically evaluate your own manuscript
• Ethical rules must be obeyed
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106. Applying the Workshop Content to Your Manuscript
PLEASE SHARE WITH THE GROUP!
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The Publishing Process, How to Deal with Journal/Editor?
107. Reference
EndNote, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero
For more Visit the resource Mendeley
Others i.e Zotero
Others….. Endnote
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108. Generally Research Article is
• abstract <250 words
http://sciencedomain.org/abstract/6244
..Pandey312014I-SRR10961_1.pdf
• Introduction 250-500 words
• Methodology 750-1500 words
• Results: 1000-2000 words
• Discussion: 500-1500 words
• Conclusion: 250 -500 words
• References: Not more than 60
• Total 5000-7000 words is perfect
8/21/20 Ashok Pandey 108