A project to promote conceptual learning for all; Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan Stages or periods of development and learning

1. PERIODS/ STAGES
OF
DEVELOPMENT

2. SALMA D/O DR BASHIR AHMED RIND
ROLL NO: 2K18/BEDS/68
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
SECTION II
ASSIGNED BY: DR. AMJAD ALI ARAIN

3. OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
1. Concept of development
2. Main five periods in development
1. Prenatal
2. Infancy
3. Childhood
 Early childhood
 Middle childhood
 Late childhood
4. Adolescence
5. Adulthood

4. 1. DEVELOPMENT
“Systematic changes and continuities in the
individual that occur between conception and
death or from womb to tomb”
Change and improvements in bodily functions
Continuous process throughout the life
The end of development means the end of the
life

5. FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
1. Prenatal
2. Infancy
3. Childhood
4. Adolescence
5. Adulthood

6. 2. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
1. Prenatal stage
 The word prenatal is composed of two words; Pre means
before, natal means birth.
 Whatever changes, transformation and modification occur
before the birth of a child is called Prenatal period.
 The stage starts at the time of fusion of ovum and sperm.
 Then this fusion of two cells create a human being further.
 All the alteration that occur in zygote and embryo with in the
womb of mother come in the category of Prenatal period.

7. 2. INFANCY ( BIRTH TO 2 YEARS)
Characteristics
of the age
Best feeding age
A child is completely dependant on mother or caregiver
Trust and mistrust is developed at this stage in a child
Autonomy and self independency is at the peak
Physical, cognitive and social developments are at the
height

8. 3. CHILDHOOD PERIOD
Childhood covers the time period from 3 to 12 years.
Whole period before puberty is termed as childhood
period
Best age in the life of a child, where a child forms
personality, behavior and attitude.
This age leads immense effect on the upcoming ages

9. The age is further divided into three sub stages
Early childhood (3 to 6 Years)
Middle childhood ( 7 to 10 years)
Late childhood ( 8 to 12 Years)
Early Childhood Period ( 3 to 6 Years)
Characteristics of the age
Pre school age
Initiative level
Rapid growth in a child
Interaction with friends is increased
A child gives more importance to play at this stage in order to
explore and seek new internal skills and abilities
 Good environment and boosting enhances confident of a child and
lack of appreciation and demotivation leads towards guilt and shame

10. Middle childhood ( 7 to 10)
More hard work and diligence is done by a child
The sense of pride and success is developed within a
child
A child wants to compete others and win the success
Late Childhood ( 8 to 12)
Intellectual capability is high
Slower rate of physical
development
Most of the time is spent
out of the home in friends
circle

11. 4. ADOLESCENCE PERIOD (13 TO 19)
 The age is termed as the Teen age
Self identity makers
Usually the age is called as devil and emotional age
 Children seem more powerful and energetic
The quality of curiosity, eagerness and raising
questions is developed
The end of adolescence age means an individual is
legally and socially matured

12. 5. ADULTHOOD PERIOD ( 20 TO 40 YEARS)
More mature is an individual
Closeness is transferred from friends to belongings
and family members at the home
More responsible and duty bound becomes a person

13. CONCLUSION
All ages are interrelated and dependant on each other
If earlier periods of a child’s life are spent in good manner
then ultimately effects positively on the latter ages.
Hence, each and every age of a child ought to be given
importance and value by parents. So that a good human being
can be produced.

14. THANK YOU