This document outlines the key principles and stages of human growth and development from conception through adulthood. It notes that development is a continuous process that proceeds in an orderly sequence at different rates from head to feet and from the center outward. The stages include prenatal development from zygote to fetus, neonatal development and milestones in the first years, preschool cognitive and motor skills ages 2-6, middle childhood physical and cognitive growth ages 6-12, adolescent physical changes and growth spurt ages 10-18, and adulthood with physical peak in early years and declines in middle to late adulthood.
Child Development (The Milestone of Every Children)-Infancy, Childhood,Factors that Influence the Development of Every Child,Child Development Progress,Areas of Development, guide to how children develop within the following age ranges
by Mary Krystle Dawn D. Sulleza
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Stages or periods of development and learning
Child Development (The Milestone of Every Children)-Infancy, Childhood,Factors that Influence the Development of Every Child,Child Development Progress,Areas of Development, guide to how children develop within the following age ranges
by Mary Krystle Dawn D. Sulleza
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Stages or periods of development and learning
Human Development:
What gains in growth,
brain development,
and motor development
occur in school-age children,
and what are their nutritional and sleep needs?
Prenatal development: germinal, embryonic &fetal period; Factors that can have a serious negative impact on the development of the unborn: maternal health, radiation, maternal nutrition, medication and drugs, age of the parents, diseases in the pregnant woman and the emotional state of the mother.
Young child playing in squatting position
Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development. Related terms include developmental psychology, referring to development throughout the lifespan, and pediatrics, the branch of medicine relating to the care of children.
Human Development:
What gains in growth,
brain development,
and motor development
occur in school-age children,
and what are their nutritional and sleep needs?
Prenatal development: germinal, embryonic &fetal period; Factors that can have a serious negative impact on the development of the unborn: maternal health, radiation, maternal nutrition, medication and drugs, age of the parents, diseases in the pregnant woman and the emotional state of the mother.
Young child playing in squatting position
Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development. Related terms include developmental psychology, referring to development throughout the lifespan, and pediatrics, the branch of medicine relating to the care of children.
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2. Objectives
Study of this chapter will enable you to:
1. Define growth, development, and related terms.
2. Describe general beliefs about and principles of
development and human behavior.
3. Define principles of human growth and development.
4. Relate information to yourself as a developing person.
3. • All children pass through
predictable stages of growth and
development as they mature.
• Each child’s progress is unique.
• A child cannot be forced to
achieve a milestone faster than that
child’s own timetable will allow.
4. • Maturing involves growth in ability
to perform skills, to think, to
relate to people, to trust, to
have confidence in oneself.
• Development refers to increase
in skill or ability to function.
5. • Psychosocial development refers to personality
development.
• Moral development refers to knowing right from
wrong.
• Cognitive development refers to the ability to
learn and understand from experience, acquire
and retain knowledge, respond to new situations
and solve problems.
6. Principles of Growth and
Development to Remember:
• It’s a continuous process from the day we are
conceived until death
• It proceeds in an orderly sequence
• It happens at different rates.
• It is cephalocaudal (from head to feet)
• It proceeds proximodistally (from center out)
• It continues from gross to fine motor skills
Watch Video
7. Prenatal
Development
• The normal gestation period for
humans is 38 weeks. Several names
are given to developing humans:
• Zygote.....conception to 2 weeks
• Embryo….2-8 weeks
• Fetus……..8-38 weeks
• Neonate..birth-2 years
8. 1st Trimester: central
nervous system develops
2nd Trimester: muscle and
bone, fingers and toes,
reflexes develop
3rd Trimester: lots of brain growth, sight,
hearing, most organs are well developed
(lungs don’t fully develop until the 9th mth.
9. Neonatal
Development
• At birth, males and females weigh about 7
lbs. and average about 19 ½ inches in
length. (males do tend to be larger than
females)
• Babies grow 10-12 inches in the first year.
• By age 2, they reach about half of their
adult height and quadruple their birth
weight.
11. Preschool Development
(Ages 2-6)
• The child is moving from gross motor skills
to fine motor skills. (They learn to throw
a ball before learning to use scissors.)
• Children in this age group need much
physical activity.
12. Middle Childhood
Development
• The major growth and change during
this time period is in the cognitive
domain.
• Physical growth is slow but steady.
Ages 6-12
13. Adolescent Development
• Raging Hormones
• Growth Spurt (Feet and hands grow
faster than legs and arms which
causes that awkward, clumsy stage)
• Oil glands and sweat glands increase
in production causing pimples
Ages 10 or 11-18
14. Adulthood
Ages 21 to 60
• In early adulthood (ages 20–40), our physical
abilities are at their peak, including muscle
strength, reaction time, sensory abilities, and
cardiac functioning.
• During middle adulthood (ages 40–65) and is
characterized by decline in vision, hearing, and
immune-system functioning, as well as the end
of reproductive capability for women, known
as menopause.
