Species interactions
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This document discusses different types of species interactions including competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. It provides examples of each type of interaction such as the competitive exclusion of grey squirrels outcompeting red squirrels in Britain. Species may coevolve due to competitive interactions, developing strategies like resource partitioning to coexist. Predator-prey relationships can drive coevolution through evolutionary arms races. Commensal and mutualistic interactions provide benefits to one or both species involved.
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Species interactions
- 1. Species Interactions in Communities A good look at coevolution at work in our world…
- 4. Impacts of Competition Species B
- 5. Louisiana heron wades into water to seize small fish Black skimmer seizes small fish at water surface Ruddy turnstone searches under shells and pebbles for small invertebrates Avocet sweeps bill through mud and surface water in search of small crustaceans, insects, and seeds Brown pelican dives for fish, which it locates from the air Dowitcher probes deeply into mud in search of snails, marine worms, and small crustaceans Herring gull is a tireless scavenger Flamingo feeds on minute organisms in mud Scaup and other diving ducks feed on mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic vegetation Piping plover feeds on insects and tiny crustaceans on sandy beaches Knot (sandpiper) picks up worms and small crustaceans left by receding tide Oystercatcher feeds on clams, mussels, and other shellfish into which it pries its narrow beak Resource Partitioning Environmental Science: Problems, Concepts, and Solutions. (12th ed.) by G. Tyler Miller, Jr. and Scott Spoolman
- 6. Cape May Warbler Blakburnian Warbler Black-throated Green Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler Bay-breasted Warbler Resource Partitioning Environmental Science: Problems, Concepts, and Solutions. (12th ed.) by G. Tyler Miller, Jr. and Scott Spoolman
- 10. Spread of AHB (also good example of a nonnative species)
- 18. Commensalism vs. Mutualism How do you decide?
- 22. Eastern Lamp Mussel & Largemouth Bass Commensalism: Glochidia (larvae) live on fish gills for about a month…
- 25. Spread of Zebra Mussels (good example of a accidentally introduced nonnative species)
- 29. One More…
- 32. Quiz Time
Editor's Notes
- Figure 4.5: Specialized feeding niches of various bird species in a coastal wetland. This specialization reduces competition and allows sharing of limited resources.
- Figure 6.4: Sharing the wealth: resource partitioning of five species of insect-eating warblers in the spruce forests of the U.S. state of Maine. Each species minimizes competition for food with the others by spending at least half its feeding time in a distinct portion (shaded areas) of the spruce trees, and by consuming somewhat different insect species. (After R. H. MacArthur, “Population Ecology of Some Warblers in Northeastern Coniferous Forests,” Ecology 36 (1958): 533–536)