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Environmental Science Chapter 6 Ecosystem Balance
6.1 Relationships in the Ecosystem Objectives:  1. Explain the relationship between  the population sizes of predator prey. 2. Define symbiosis and describe several symbiotic relationships.
Animal Relationships ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Located in marshes with long  hydroperiods  throughout the Everglades, alligator holes result either from fire burning an area of rich  peat  soil or from alligator activity. Alligators form holes by using their feet and snouts to clear muck from holes in the limestone bedrock. Water remains in these holes throughout the year except during severe drought conditions. As the dry season approaches and water dries up from other areas within the Everglades,  alligator holes retain water and become refuges to a variety of wildlife . Alligators  prey on the animals  that frequent gator holes in search of refuge, food, and water.
[object Object],[object Object]
Ratel and Honeyguide  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Examples ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples ,[object Object],[object Object]
Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Predators can allow coexistence of competing prey Starfish competitors predator Pisaster Barnacles    Mussels Balanus Mytilus
Barnacles    Mussels Balanus Mytilus Starfish Pisaster SO………………..Remove the Starfish and……..
time starfish removed % of inter- tidal zone mussels barnacles -  mussels are the dominant competitor - competitive exclusion of barnacles -  starfish allow coexistence of competitors
Starfish are  picky  – they prefer the dominant competitor, which allows the weaker competitor to coexist. How  do starfish promote coexistence? Starfish Pisaster Barnacles    Mussels
Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Great White Shark and Elephant Seals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Predators and Prey ,[object Object],[object Object]
Predators and Prey ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dragon fly Praying mantis
The Predator Prey Relationship ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Predator Prey Relationship ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Predator Prey Relationship ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Balance of Nature   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Predator and Prey Population Cycling. World predator and prey populations can cycle in size.
Nature’s Pest Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
How has predation influenced evolution? Adaptations  to avoid being eaten: spines  (cacti, porcupines) hard shells  (clams, turtles) toxins  (milkweeds, some newts) bad taste  (monarch butterflies) camouflage warning colors mimicry
Camouflage  – blending in
Aposematic  c o l o r s  – warning
Is he  crazy ???
Mimicry   – look like something that is dangerous or tastes bad
Mimicry   – looks like something that is dangerous or tastes bad Mullerian mimicry   convergence of several unpalatable species
Mimicry   – look like something that is dangerous or tastes bad Batesian mimicry  – palatable species mimics an   unpalatable species model mimic model mimics
Symbiosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Parasitism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tapeworm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Leeches ,[object Object],[object Object]
Leeches feed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
Ticks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ticks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ticks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Fleas ,[object Object]
Commensalism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Mutualism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
6.2 Ecological Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ecological Succession ,[object Object]
Ecological Succession ,[object Object],[object Object]
Primary Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary Succession ,[object Object],[object Object]
Primary Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Succession Progression ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Succession Progression ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Succession Progression ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Secondary Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aquatic Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aquatic Succession ,[object Object]
Island Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Island Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Island Succession ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Surtsey Island, Iceland
Surtsey Island, Iceland
6.3 Stability in the Ecosystem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ecosystem Stability ,[object Object]
Ecosystem Stability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ecosystem Stability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ecosystem Stability ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ecosystem Stability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
6.4 Land Biomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biomes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Two types of Biomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biomes ,[object Object]
Biomes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Biomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. Rain forest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Biomes
Biomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. Grassland
Grassland Biomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Owl Pellet Grading Criteria
 
 

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Ch 6notes

  • 1. Environmental Science Chapter 6 Ecosystem Balance
  • 2. 6.1 Relationships in the Ecosystem Objectives: 1. Explain the relationship between the population sizes of predator prey. 2. Define symbiosis and describe several symbiotic relationships.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Predators can allow coexistence of competing prey Starfish competitors predator Pisaster Barnacles Mussels Balanus Mytilus
  • 16. Barnacles Mussels Balanus Mytilus Starfish Pisaster SO………………..Remove the Starfish and……..
  • 17. time starfish removed % of inter- tidal zone mussels barnacles - mussels are the dominant competitor - competitive exclusion of barnacles - starfish allow coexistence of competitors
  • 18. Starfish are picky – they prefer the dominant competitor, which allows the weaker competitor to coexist. How do starfish promote coexistence? Starfish Pisaster Barnacles Mussels
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. Predator and Prey Population Cycling. World predator and prey populations can cycle in size.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. How has predation influenced evolution? Adaptations to avoid being eaten: spines (cacti, porcupines) hard shells (clams, turtles) toxins (milkweeds, some newts) bad taste (monarch butterflies) camouflage warning colors mimicry
  • 38. Camouflage – blending in
  • 39. Aposematic c o l o r s – warning
  • 40. Is he crazy ???
  • 41. Mimicry – look like something that is dangerous or tastes bad
  • 42. Mimicry – looks like something that is dangerous or tastes bad Mullerian mimicry convergence of several unpalatable species
  • 43. Mimicry – look like something that is dangerous or tastes bad Batesian mimicry – palatable species mimics an unpalatable species model mimic model mimics
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  • 99. Owl Pellet Grading Criteria
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