The document provides instructions for setting up and operating a Sokkia SET total station for surveying tasks. It describes how to level the instrument, perform calibration by backsight or resection, and take measurements such as distance and height. Key steps include leveling the instrument for accurate results, establishing orientation by shooting a known point or angle, and checking calibration by re-measuring control points. The document emphasizes proper setup, calibration checking, and understanding coordinate systems for accurate surveying work.
Surveying is an important part of Civil engineering. Various part like theodolite, plane table surveying, computation of area and volume are useful for all university examination and other competitive examination
lecture_(1)_(Leveling-Centering-Tilting-FUNC-total station
#Total Station Practical Report
Report name
Setting up the Instrument total Station, Angle measurement & Distance measurement.
Object: To Setup the total station instrument (Centering, Leveling,
Tilting) then perform different measurements.
Note: Always perform Levelling, Centering and Tilting when the
instrument is setup
1-PROCEDURE Centering with the optical plummet eyepiece
#In this practical TOPCON ES-105 is used.
-the horizontal angle to a required value (Hz angle hold).
-DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Salar K.Hussein
Mr. Kamal Y.Abdullah
Asst.Lecturer. Dilveen H. Omar
Erbil Polytechnic University
Technical Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
this is a surveying practicals work book in which different practicals are described with tables and graphs which are performed during a course of bachelors of civil engineering
A small description about the principle and operation of widely used instrument 'Total Station' in Civil Engineering and Global Positioning System through a technical view...!
Surveying is an important part of Civil engineering. Various part like theodolite, plane table surveying, computation of area and volume are useful for all university examination and other competitive examination
lecture_(1)_(Leveling-Centering-Tilting-FUNC-total station
#Total Station Practical Report
Report name
Setting up the Instrument total Station, Angle measurement & Distance measurement.
Object: To Setup the total station instrument (Centering, Leveling,
Tilting) then perform different measurements.
Note: Always perform Levelling, Centering and Tilting when the
instrument is setup
1-PROCEDURE Centering with the optical plummet eyepiece
#In this practical TOPCON ES-105 is used.
-the horizontal angle to a required value (Hz angle hold).
-DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Salar K.Hussein
Mr. Kamal Y.Abdullah
Asst.Lecturer. Dilveen H. Omar
Erbil Polytechnic University
Technical Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
this is a surveying practicals work book in which different practicals are described with tables and graphs which are performed during a course of bachelors of civil engineering
A small description about the principle and operation of widely used instrument 'Total Station' in Civil Engineering and Global Positioning System through a technical view...!
For members of Land Surveyors United Sokkia Social Support Group at http://landsurveyorsunited.com/group/sokkiasupportgroup All images and trademarks property of Sokkia and presented for support purposes only
A quick refresher in Land Surveying. Introduction to Total Station & its capabilities. Targeted to those Civil Engineers who may not do survey themselves, but are required to get one done from a professional surveyor.
Introduction About Theodolite Instrument Theoretical part Bahzad5
Plane and Applied Surveying -2
Theodolite Theoretical part -1
Prepared by
Asst. Prof. Salar K. Hussein
Asst. Lecturer Mr. Kamal Yaseen
Overview
v Introduction About Theodolite Instrument
v Theodolite and its classification
v Parts of Theodolite
v Theodolite Axis and conditions
v Setting up the Theodolite
v Levelling & Centring - the Theodolite
v Readings in the Theodolite
v Theodolite – Instrument Checks
v Sources of errors
Erbil Polytechnic University
Technical Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
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Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
7. Leveling the Total StationLeveling the Total Station
Leveling the Total Station must beLeveling the Total Station must be
accomplished to sufficient accuracy otherwiseaccomplished to sufficient accuracy otherwise
the instrument will not report resultsthe instrument will not report results
Leveling the instrument takes 30 to 45 minutesLeveling the instrument takes 30 to 45 minutes
–– make sure you can see all targets from themake sure you can see all targets from the
instrument station before going through theinstrument station before going through the
processprocess
8. Step 1: Tripod SetupStep 1: Tripod Setup
Tripod legsTripod legs
should beshould be
equally spacedequally spaced
Tripod headTripod head
should beshould be
approximatelyapproximately
levellevel
Head shouldHead should
be directlybe directly
over surveyover survey
pointpoint
9. Step 2: Mount Instrument on TripodStep 2: Mount Instrument on Tripod
Place InstrumentPlace Instrument
on Tripodon Tripod
Secure withSecure with
centering screwcentering screw
while bracing thewhile bracing the
instrument withinstrument with
the other handthe other hand
Insert battery inInsert battery in
instrument beforeinstrument before
levelingleveling
10. Step 3: Focus on Survey PointStep 3: Focus on Survey Point
Focus the opticalFocus the optical
plummet on theplummet on the
survey pointsurvey point
11. Step 4: Leveling the InstrumentStep 4: Leveling the Instrument
Adjust the leveling foot screws to center theAdjust the leveling foot screws to center the
survey point in the optical plummetsurvey point in the optical plummet reticlereticle
Center the bubble in the circular level byCenter the bubble in the circular level by
adjusting the tripod legsadjusting the tripod legs
12. Step 4: LevelingStep 4: Leveling ……
Loosen the horizontal clamp and turn instrument untilLoosen the horizontal clamp and turn instrument until
plate level is parallel to 2 of the leveling foot screwsplate level is parallel to 2 of the leveling foot screws
Center the bubble using the leveling screwsCenter the bubble using the leveling screws-- thethe
bubble moves toward the screw that is turnedbubble moves toward the screw that is turned
clockwiseclockwise
Rotate the instrument 90 degrees and level using theRotate the instrument 90 degrees and level using the
33rdrd leveling screwleveling screw
13. Step 4: LevelingStep 4: Leveling ……
Observe the survey point in the opticalObserve the survey point in the optical
plummet and center the point by loosening theplummet and center the point by loosening the
centering screw and sliding the entirecentering screw and sliding the entire
instrumentinstrument
After reAfter re--tightening the centering screw checktightening the centering screw check
to make sure the plate level bubble is level into make sure the plate level bubble is level in
several directionsseveral directions
14. Step 5: Electronically VerifyStep 5: Electronically Verify
LevelingLeveling
Turn on the instrument byTurn on the instrument by
pressing and holding thepressing and holding the ““onon””
button (you should hear anbutton (you should hear an
audible beep)audible beep)
The opening screen will be theThe opening screen will be the
““MEASMEAS”” screen. Select thescreen. Select the
[Tilt] function[Tilt] function
Adjust the foot level screws toAdjust the foot level screws to
exactly center the electronicexactly center the electronic
““bubblebubble””
Rotate the instrument 90Rotate the instrument 90
degrees and repeatdegrees and repeat
15. Step 5: Adjust Image &Step 5: Adjust Image & ReticleReticle
FocusFocus
Release the horizontal & vertical clampsRelease the horizontal & vertical clamps
and point telescope to a featureless lightand point telescope to a featureless light
backgroundbackground
Adjust theAdjust the reticlereticle (i.e. cross(i.e. cross--hair) focushair) focus
adjustment untiladjustment until reticlereticle image is sharplyimage is sharply
focusedfocused
Point telescope to target and adjust thePoint telescope to target and adjust the
focus ring until target is focusedfocus ring until target is focused
Move your head from sideMove your head from side--toto--side to testside to test
for image shift (i.e. parallax). Repeat thefor image shift (i.e. parallax). Repeat the
reticlereticle focus step if parallax is significantfocus step if parallax is significant
NOTE: When the instrument operatorNOTE: When the instrument operator
changes thechanges the reticlereticle focus may need to befocus may need to be
adjustedadjusted
16. Measuring the Height of An ObjectMeasuring the Height of An Object
Level the instrument at a site where the target can be viewed thLevel the instrument at a site where the target can be viewed through therough the
telescope and the mirror target can be setup directly below thetelescope and the mirror target can be setup directly below the targettarget
After powering on the instrument selectAfter powering on the instrument select ““REMREM”” fromfrom ““MEASMEAS”” >> ““MenuMenu””
Ht = h1 + h2Ht = h1 + h2
h2 = S (sinh2 = S (sin θθz1z1) (cot) (cot θθz2z2 )) –– S (cosS (cos θθz1z1))
NOTE: Instrument height does not affect this calculationNOTE: Instrument height does not affect this calculation
17. Measurement of Target HeightMeasurement of Target Height
Set the Target Height fromSet the Target Height from ““MEASMEAS”” >> ““MenuMenu”” >>
““CoordinateCoordinate”” >> ““Station OrientationStation Orientation”” >> ““StationStation
CoordinateCoordinate””
Set the target height to the measured height of theSet the target height to the measured height of the
mirror target. You do not have to fill out the othermirror target. You do not have to fill out the other
fields for a REM measurementfields for a REM measurement
PressPress ““ESCESC”” to return to theto return to the ““MEASMEAS”” menumenu
Select theSelect the ““MEASMEAS”” >> ““MenuMenu”” >> ““REMREM””, sight the, sight the
mirror target, press [OBS] to measuremirror target, press [OBS] to measure ““SS””, then, then
[STOP][STOP]
Sight the object above the target for heightSight the object above the target for height
measurementmeasurement
Select [REM] and then [STOP]Select [REM] and then [STOP]
18. REM Screen ResultsREM Screen Results
To reTo re--shoot theshoot the
mirror target use themirror target use the
[OBS] on the REM[OBS] on the REM
screenscreen
19. Calibrating the InstrumentCalibrating the Instrument
Calibration must be completed before coordinates canCalibration must be completed before coordinates can
be obtainedbe obtained
3 possible calibrations:3 possible calibrations:
BacksightBacksight by angle: must know instrument coordinates andby angle: must know instrument coordinates and
have a landmark/target at a known azimuthhave a landmark/target at a known azimuth
BacksightBacksight by coordinate: must know instrumentby coordinate: must know instrument
coordinates and have mirror target set on a position ofcoordinates and have mirror target set on a position of
known coordinatesknown coordinates
Resection (triangulation): must have 3 or more mirrorResection (triangulation): must have 3 or more mirror
targets established at known 3D coordinatestargets established at known 3D coordinates
20. 3D Coordinates3D Coordinates
Coordinates may be absolute or relative depending onCoordinates may be absolute or relative depending on
survey requirementssurvey requirements
Surveying the area of a mining site would requireSurveying the area of a mining site would require
relative coordinates, therefore, the initial instrumentrelative coordinates, therefore, the initial instrument
X,Y,Z coordinates may be 5000, 5000, 100X,Y,Z coordinates may be 5000, 5000, 100
Surveys that have to match a downloaded aerial photoSurveys that have to match a downloaded aerial photo
from the USGS would have to match UTM NAD83from the USGS would have to match UTM NAD83
coordinates so the starting point would have to becoordinates so the starting point would have to be
determined by an accurate GPS receiverdetermined by an accurate GPS receiver
21. Calibrate byCalibrate by BacksightBacksight by Angleby Angle
Remember that when the instrument isRemember that when the instrument is
powered on it has a random X,Y coordinatepowered on it has a random X,Y coordinate
system: you must align the instrument withsystem: you must align the instrument with
youryour working coordinate system.working coordinate system.
Level the instrument on the desired startingLevel the instrument on the desired starting
survey marker. Make sure that on the lastsurvey marker. Make sure that on the last
leveling step the optical plummet is centeredleveling step the optical plummet is centered
on the survey pointon the survey point
22. BacksightBacksight by Angle continued..by Angle continued..
Measure the target height andMeasure the target height and
instrument heightinstrument height
Select [COORD] from the MEAS menuSelect [COORD] from the MEAS menu
SelectSelect ““StnStn. Orientation. Orientation”” and thenand then ““StnStn..
CoordinateCoordinate””
Edit theEdit the ““N0N0””,, ““E0E0””, and, and ““Z0Z0”” fields tofields to
appropriate values (i.e. northing,appropriate values (i.e. northing,
easting, elevation of instrument)easting, elevation of instrument)
Enter the instrument and target height ifEnter the instrument and target height if
necessarynecessary
Select [OK] when doneSelect [OK] when done
23. BacksightBacksight by Angle continuedby Angle continued……
SelectSelect ““BacksightBacksight”” and thenand then
““AngleAngle”” from the menufrom the menu
Sight the landmark/target of knownSight the landmark/target of known
azimuth relative to instrument withazimuth relative to instrument with
telescopetelescope
SelectSelect ““AngleAngle”” from menu. Notefrom menu. Note
that the menu displays the zeniththat the menu displays the zenith
angle (ZA) and current horizontalangle (ZA) and current horizontal
angle (HAR) and is waiting for youangle (HAR) and is waiting for you
to enter the known angle withto enter the known angle with
[EDIT][EDIT]
Note: if you enter an azimuth angleNote: if you enter an azimuth angle
asas ““85.451485.4514”” this will be interpretedthis will be interpreted
as 85 degrees, 45 minutes, 14as 85 degrees, 45 minutes, 14
secondsseconds
IMPORTANT! You must selectIMPORTANT! You must select
[OK] to accept the angle.[OK] to accept the angle. Never useNever use
<Esc> to leave this screen!<Esc> to leave this screen!
24. BacksightBacksight by Angle Continuedby Angle Continued……
NOTE: because theNOTE: because the backsightbacksight by angle simplyby angle simply
sets the instrument horizontal angle encoder tosets the instrument horizontal angle encoder to
match your desired coordinate system thematch your desired coordinate system the
mirror target is nevermirror target is never ““shotshot”” by the beam. Ifby the beam. If
you can accurately sight on an object oryou can accurately sight on an object or
landmark such as a building corner the mirrorlandmark such as a building corner the mirror
target is not needed. Make sure the instrumenttarget is not needed. Make sure the instrument
isis ““lockedlocked”” and accurately sighted withand accurately sighted with
telescope before entering thetelescope before entering the backsightbacksight angle.angle.
25. BacksightBacksight by Angle contby Angle cont……
Because there is no internal statistical measureBecause there is no internal statistical measure
of how well theof how well the backsightbacksight angle has been set itangle has been set it
is imperative to check theis imperative to check the backsightbacksight
independently:independently:
Known point: shoot the target at a position ofKnown point: shoot the target at a position of
known X,Y,Z such as a GPS point. The resultknown X,Y,Z such as a GPS point. The result
should be within the resolution of the GPS.should be within the resolution of the GPS.
Known angle: shoot to a landmark at a knownKnown angle: shoot to a landmark at a known
azimuth from the instrument locationazimuth from the instrument location-- the anglethe angle
should be within the resolution of the instrumentshould be within the resolution of the instrument
26. BacksightBacksight by Coordinateby Coordinate
Use this method when you have 2Use this method when you have 2
known survey points with theknown survey points with the
instrument established on one and theinstrument established on one and the
mirror target on the other survey pointmirror target on the other survey point
From theFrom the ““MEASMEAS”” menu selectmenu select
[COORD] and then[COORD] and then ““StnStn..
OrientationOrientation””. Set the instrument. Set the instrument
coordinates withcoordinates with ““StnStn. Coordinate. Coordinate””
and then select [OK] and return toand then select [OK] and return to
““BacksightBacksight””
SelectSelect ““CoordCoord”” and then enter theand then enter the
backsightbacksight target coordinates (NBS,target coordinates (NBS,
EBS, ZBS) and select [OK]EBS, ZBS) and select [OK]
Sight in the target and inspect theSight in the target and inspect the
““AzmthAzmth”” (it should be reasonable for(it should be reasonable for
your coordinate system).your coordinate system).
Select [YES] to calibrate. If you donSelect [YES] to calibrate. If you don’’tt
select [YES] the coordinate system isselect [YES] the coordinate system is
still randomstill random
27. BacksightBacksight by coordinateby coordinate ……
Always check the calibration of the instrumentAlways check the calibration of the instrument
by shooting the target used for theby shooting the target used for the backsightbacksight..
The resulting X,Y,Z should be within theThe resulting X,Y,Z should be within the
several cm resolution typical for a TSseveral cm resolution typical for a TS
instrument.instrument.
It is a very good idea to shoot otherIt is a very good idea to shoot other
benchmarks within range to make surebenchmarks within range to make sure
accuracy is within acceptable limitsaccuracy is within acceptable limits
28. ResectionResection
Resection uses 3 or moreResection uses 3 or more
known target survey pointsknown target survey points
to automatically determineto automatically determine
the X,Y,Z coordinates of thethe X,Y,Z coordinates of the
instrumentinstrument
This has the significantThis has the significant
advantage of not requiringadvantage of not requiring
the instrument to be leveledthe instrument to be leveled
exactly on a survey pointexactly on a survey point--
any convenient locationany convenient location
where you can sight thewhere you can sight the
targets is OKtargets is OK
The ideal geometry isThe ideal geometry is
displayed to the rightdisplayed to the right
29. Resection continuedResection continued……
Prior to resection enter survey markers as knownPrior to resection enter survey markers as known
points through thepoints through the ““MEMMEM”” menumenu
From theFrom the ““MEASMEAS”” menu selectmenu select ““[MENU][MENU]”” >>
[RESEC][RESEC]
The resection procedure requires that the knownThe resection procedure requires that the known
coordinates be defined first, and in the order thatcoordinates be defined first, and in the order that
they will be shotthey will be shot
In the top right screen the 1In the top right screen the 1stst
point has beenpoint has been
defined and the 2defined and the 2ndnd
point is being entered. Youpoint is being entered. You
can use [READ] to read in previously entered orcan use [READ] to read in previously entered or
measured pointsmeasured points
Press thePress the ““>>”” oror ““<<““ arrow to move to next orarrow to move to next or
previous pointprevious point
When all points are entered select [MEAS]When all points are entered select [MEAS]
30. Resection continuedResection continued……
The [MEAS] screen (right)The [MEAS] screen (right)
displays the point being shotdisplays the point being shot –– inin
this example the 1this example the 1stst
pointpoint
Choose [DIST] if you areChoose [DIST] if you are
shooting to a mirror target,shooting to a mirror target,
[ANGLE] if not[ANGLE] if not
Select [YES] to acceptSelect [YES] to accept
measurement, [NO] to remeasurement, [NO] to re--shoot,shoot,
[EDIT] to change target height[EDIT] to change target height
The [CALC] option will beThe [CALC] option will be
displayed when the standarddisplayed when the standard
deviation of northing and eastingdeviation of northing and easting
can be displayedcan be displayed
31. Resection continuedResection continued……
Press [CALC] or [YES] on last point toPress [CALC] or [YES] on last point to
display the calculated instrumentdisplay the calculated instrument
coordinates and the standard deviation ofcoordinates and the standard deviation of
easting (easting (σσEE) and northing () and northing (σσN).N). PressPress
[OK] to finish Resection, and then[OK] to finish Resection, and then
[YES] to set the[YES] to set the backsightbacksight
azimuth to the 1azimuth to the 1stst shot pointshot point
Press [RESULT] to display the residuals ofPress [RESULT] to display the residuals of
each shot pointeach shot point-- large deviations identifylarge deviations identify
““badbad”” pointspoints
If there are no problems press {Esc} toIf there are no problems press {Esc} to
return to main resection screenreturn to main resection screen
The standard deviations are a measure ofThe standard deviations are a measure of
the accuracy. They should be in the range ofthe accuracy. They should be in the range of
several cmseveral cm’’s for most surveyss for most surveys
32. Resection NotesResection Notes
Resection initializes the X,Y,Z coordinates of theResection initializes the X,Y,Z coordinates of the
instrument. Save this as a point (ex. G1S02 for groupinstrument. Save this as a point (ex. G1S02 for group
2, instrument station #2) since it represents a2, instrument station #2) since it represents a
surveyed coordinatesurveyed coordinate
Once the instrument is calibrated the mirror targetsOnce the instrument is calibrated the mirror targets
can be taken down and used elsewherecan be taken down and used elsewhere
The instrument height should be entered beforeThe instrument height should be entered before
resection is calculatedresection is calculated
You can only begin shooting resection point 1 fromYou can only begin shooting resection point 1 from
the resection point #3 or higher coordinate entrythe resection point #3 or higher coordinate entry
screenscreen