Humus is the organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms. It provides numerous benefits to soil such as holding nutrients and moisture, improving soil structure, and preventing erosion. Humus is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, and smaller amounts of phosphorus and sulfur. It serves as a source of nutrients for plants and improves soil properties like water retention and aggregation. The global organic fertilizer market, of which humus is a part, is growing due to increasing organic food consumption, supportive regulations, and availability of organic waste materials.

1. Submitted by
Sonia Hassan
Samreen Mehmood
Irum Shaheen
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*The unconsolidated mineral or organic material
on the immediate surface of the Earth that serves
as a natural medium for the growth of land
plants.

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The organic component of soil, formed by
the decomposition of leaves and other plant
material by soil microorganisms.
Formation of Humus:.
Residue left when bacteria & fungi
biodegrade plant material.

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*Holds nutrients and prevents them from leaching.
*Acts like a sponge, absorbing moisture. This helps the soil during dry
spells.
*Traps oxygen, which is essential for root development.
*Feeds and protects microbes in the soil.
*Prevents erosion by holding soil particles together.
*Helps root structures to grow by contributing to improved vigour.
*Protects the soil from extremes in temperature.
*Maintains soil pH, helping to correct soil pH problems.

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*Non Living
*Humus ranges in color from Brown to
Black.
*Finely divided organic matter in soil,
derived from microbial decomposition
of plant and animal substances.

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*Carbon 60%.
*Nitrogen 6%.
*Smaller amount of Phosphorus and
sulphur.

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*Source of N,P & Sulfur
*Improve soil structure.
*Increase water holding capacity.

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*Muck humus:.
Highly decomposed organic matter in which
the original plant parts are not recognizable.
*Peat Humus:.
Peat humus is the dead, highly decomposed
organic material that accumulates in the lower levels
of peat bogs. It is an excellent soil conditioner.

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Muck Humus PEAT HUMUS

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*Nutrient supply.
*Water holding capacity.
*Cause soil aggregation.
*Improves soil structure.
*Prevention of erosion.
*Prevents leaching.
*Increases the oxidation of complex
organic substances.

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*Its results take time and are visible only over
the long term.
*Another possible drawback to humus is
that it may be difficult to know exactly what
went into making it.
*This leads to the possibility of pathogens or
weed seeds coming into your garden with the
humus.

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*The global organic fertilizer market is expected to reach
an estimated $15.8 billion by 2026.
*The major drivers for this market are increasing
consumption of organic food, favorable government
regulations, and ease in availability of organic waste.
*World leaving the artificial Fertilizer due to decreasing
of fertility of soil and coming towards organic Fertilizer
in which humus is preferable.

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